• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.991-1002
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• 1996

The objectives of this study were to obtain normative data for 45 mother-daughter pairs on spine, femur(neck, ward's triangle, trochanter) and total body BMD (bone mineral density) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometric measurement, body composition, biochemical markers, nutrient intakes and energy expenditure, to determin the interrelations of these factors within each group, to measure familial resemblance for each variable. We observed significantly positive correlations between height, weight, head, hip and calf circumferences, tricep, femur and calf skinfold thickness, total lean body mass(=weight-total fat body mass-bone mineral content), protein and fat intakes, Ca index, serum total protein and albumin of monter-daughter pairs(p<.05-p<.001). Among mothers, age, osteocalcin, higher, weight, Ca and energy intakes were predictors of BMDs. Among daughters, weight and energy intake were predictors of BMDs. The BMD in lumbar spine(r=.48, p<.01), femoral neck(r=.38, p<.05), ward's triangle(r=.36, p<.05) of the mothers were significantly correlated with those of the daughters, after adjustment for mother's age, hight, weight, osteocalcin, Ca and energy intakes and daughter's weight, energy intake. In regression analyses, mother's BMD also were positively associated with daughter's BMD in lumbar spine, femoral neck, ward's triangle. Our findings support that mothers with low BMD tended to have daughters with low BMD. In the age groups studied, as well genetic factors as environmental factors may have an important role in determining BMD. This study suggests that women may successfully enhance their genetically determined BMD through adequate nutrient intakes and weight bearing exercise.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.329-338
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• 2013

This study is conducted to compare the problems affecting dietary habits and health status between a long-term exercise group and non-exercise group of males older than 50 years. Most subjects of the two groups consider regular exercise to be the most important factor for maintaining health, and recognize hypertension as the number one concern. The most common nutritional supplement among subjects is multiple vitamins, and sleeping time range from 6~8 hours. Breakfast fasting rate was 15.9% among non-exercise group (NEG), where overeating and eating out rates were higher among exercise group (EG) when comparing to NEG. Fasting rates of breakfast, and consumption rates of milk and dairy products, vegetables such as kimchi, and fruits and fruit juices are higher among the EG. Overeating and eating out rates are lower among NEG, whereas eating rates of proteins like meat, fish, eggs, beans, fried foods, high-fat meats carbonated drinks, ice cream, and salt intakes are higher. Rates of health, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes are higher among EG. Energy intakes among the two groups were below the standard level, Vitamin $B_2$ intake is low in EG, and folic acid and calcium intakes were higher in NEG. The exercising group care more about health, eating habits and nutrient intakes, and low smoking rates are being observed. Thus, specific dietary improvement programs for adult men, are required, and it is necessary to consider the practice of nutrition education.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.422-434
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• 2022

Objectives: With an increase in the population of the elderly in Korea, their nutritional status has become a cause for concern. This study was designed to compare the nutritional intake and health status of the Korean elderly according to their body mass index. Methods: The subjects were 3,274 elderly people aged 65 and above who had participated in the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into four groups: underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, based on their BMI. The general characteristics, daily energy, and nutrient intakes, nutrient intakes compared to the recommended nutrient intake, percentage of participants whose nutrient intake was lower than the estimated average requirement (EAR), index of nutrient quality, the mean adequacy ratio (MAR), intakes by food group, and health status of the four groups were compared. Results: Underweight elderly people showed lower energy, lipids, dietary fiber, vitamin C, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium intake and MAR score (P < 0.001) compared to the normal or obese elderly. The mean protein, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, phosphorus, and iron intake of the underweight elderly was lower than the EAR (P < 0.05). Underweight elderly people also had a lower intake of vegetables and fats, oil and sweets food groups than the other groups (P < 0.001). The prevalence of diabetes and dyslipidemia was higher in the obese group, but the percentage of anemia was higher in the underweight group. Conclusions: Underweight elderly people were vulnerable to undernutrition and were at a higher risk of anemia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among nutrient intakes, BMD, serum copper, zinc and manganese contents in Korean postmenopausal women residing in Seoul and Kyunggi-do. Nutrient intakes analyses and anthropometric measurements were performed for 64 postmenopausal women. Also, fasting blood samples were collected. The BMDs of the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femoral neck were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Subjects were classified into three groups: osteoporosis (T-score ${\leq}$ -2.5, n = 20), osteopenia (-2.5 < T-score ${\leq}$ -1, n = 24), and normal (T-score) -1, n = 20). The results are summarized as follows; the mean age, height and weight were 62.1 yrs, 153.8 em, and 56.1 kg, respectively, with no significant difference among three groups. On the other hand, the mean BMI $(23.7\;g/m^2)$ of normal group was significantly higher than those of other two groups. The mean energy intake was 1,395.3 kcal (77.5% of Dietary referance intakes for koreans (KDRls)). The average daily intakes of vitamin $B_2$, calcium and zinc did not reach KDRIs. The mean intakes of iron, copper, zinc and manganese were 10.9 mg, 1.6 mg, 7.8 mg and 5.1 mg respectively, with no significant difference among three groups, The mean serum levels of copper, zinc and manganese were 96.4 mg/dl, 91.5 mg/dl and 39.5 ng/dl, respectively with no significant differences among three groups. The BMD of lumbar spine showed a significantly negative correlation intakes of animal protein, fat and iron intakes after adjusting for age, Bill. However, the BMD of lumbar spine was not significantly correlated with animal iron intakes after adjusting for animal protein, and fat intakes, indicating animal food intake is a possible confounding factor. Proper intakes of vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C are required to protect osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. These results suggest that excessive animal food intakes may have adverse effect on bone mineral density. Further studies arc necessary to elucidate the role of serum minerals in BMD.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Diet plays an important role in growth and development of children. However, dietary intakes of children living in either rural or urban areas can be influenced by household income. This cross-sectional study examined energy, nutrient and food group intakes of 749 urban children (1-10 years old) by household income status. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Children's dietary intakes were obtained using food recall and record for two days. Diet adequacy was assessed based on recommended intakes of energy and nutrients and food group servings. RESULTS: For toddlers, all nutrients except dietary fiber (5.5 g) exceeded recommended intakes. Among older children (preschoolers and school children), calcium (548 mg, 435 mg) and dietary fiber (7.4 g, 9.4 g) did not meet recommendations while percentage of energy from total fat and saturated fats exceeded 30% and 10%, respectively. The mean sodium intakes of preschoolers (1,684 mg) and school children (2,000 mg) were relatively high. Toddlers in all income groups had similar energy and nutrient intakes and percentages meeting the recommended intakes. However, low income older children had lowest intakes of energy (P < 0.05) and most nutrients (P < 0.05) and highest proportions that did not meet recommended energy and nutrient intakes. For all food groups, except milk and dairy products, all age groups had mean intakes below the recommended servings. Compared to middle and high income groups, low income preschoolers had the lowest mean intake of fruits (0.07 serving), meat/poultry (0.78 serving) and milk/dairy products (1.14 serving) while low income toddlers and school children had the least mean intake of fruits (0.09 serving) and milk/dairy products (0.54 serving), respectively. CONCLUSION: Low socioeconomic status, as indicated by low household income, could limit access to adequate diets, particularly for older children. Parents and caregivers may need dietary guidance to ensure adequate quantity and quality of home food supply and foster healthy eating habits in children.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.655-661
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• 1992

1969년부터 1989년까지 국민 영양조사보고서를 중심으로 한 영양소의 섭취상태를 살펴 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 에너지 섭취량은 점차로 감소하고 있으며 곡류에너지비 또한 69년에 85.9%에서 89년에는 66.5%까지 감소하였다. 전체 에너지 섭취량 중 동물성식품의 에너지비는 점차로 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 단백질은 그 섭취량이 점차로 증가하고 있으며 동물성단백질비 역시 국민영양조사 실시 초기이래 꾸준한 증가경향을 보이고 있으며, 지방의 섭취도 계속 증가하고 있다. 또한 열량영양소의 에너지 구성비를 보면 단백질과 지방이 차지하는 에너지비가 점차로 증가 추세에 있다. 칼슘과 철분은 섭취량이 꾸준히 증가하고 있으나, 칼슘은 여전히 권장량에 부족되게 섭취하고 있으며 티아민은 전반적으로 권장량 정도를 섭취하는 등 균형을 보이고 있으나 리보플라빈은 그 섭취량이 80년대 중반부터 증가하고 있기는 하나 권장량에 부족되는 실정이다. 나이아신은 그 섭취량에 기복이 있기는 하나 권장량 정도를 섭취하고 있으며 비타민 C도 섭취량에 변동이 있었으나 대체적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 1996

This study was to investigate the nutrient intake of infants according to the 3 feeding groups which are as follows : breast-feeding(BF), formula-feeding(FF), mixed-feeding(MF) infants. Intake was compared between these 3 groups and present Korean RDA at 2month of age. The energy and the nutrient intake in the FF infants were significantly higher than in the BF infants and MF infants(p<0.05). Unfortunately, the energy and nutrient intake in all groups still do not meet RDA, excluding iron intake in FF infants. It might be suggested that follow-up study is needed to inspect whether the significant lower intakes of energy and nutrients in BF infants than in FF infants can bring about some significant effects on the growth of the infants.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.376-394
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• 1996

This study evaluated the reproducibility and validity of the self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire used in a large prospective cohort study(Korean Cancer Research Survey) in middle-aged men. The questionnaire was administered twice at an interval of approximately two years(December, 1992-January, 1995), and four or five 24-hour recalls for each subject were collected at intervals of approximately three months. The results were as follows; 1) Although the distributions of the data estimated by the questionnaire were somewhat wider, the mean nutrient intakes of group estimated by our questionnaires and the multiple 24-hour recalls were roughly comparable. 2) The reproducibility determined by correlation of absolute(unadjusted nutrient intake) and calorie adjusted nutrient intakes from two semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires were more than 0.5, and the weighted kappa values were more than 0.4. 3) The Pearson correlation coefficients between unadjusted nutrient intakes values were average 0.40 on the average(Ca, 0.13-Carbohydrate, 0.58) at the first questionnaire vs. 24-hour recalls, and 0.28 at the second questionnaire vs. 24-hour recalls. The spearman rank order correlation coefficients were similar. When energy intake was adjusted, there was a slight reduction : 0.28 at the second questionnaire, 0.25 average on the second. In order to correct the measurement error of 24-hour recall data, the deattenuated correlation coefficient was calculated. It averaged 0.53 on the first questionnaire, 0.37 on the second questionnaire for unadjusted nutrient intake. for calorie-adjusted nutrient intake, it averaged 0.44 on the first questionnaire, 0.37 on the second questionnarie. 4) There was lower agreement(k<0.4) between the questionnaries and the 24-hour recalls. And the subjects classified in the same quartile by 24-hour recalls and first questionnaire were average 37$\%$(energy-adjusted values) and 40$\%$(unadjusted values) on the average. More than k10$\%$(average) of subjects were in the extreme quartile of the questionnarie and 24-hour recall method. But 8.2$\%$(average) of subjects classified in the lowest quartile of unadjusted nutrient intake level by the 24-hour recalls were in the highest quartile by the first questionnaire. These data indicate that our self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnarie is reproducible. Correlation coefficients comparing nutrient intakes measured by two different dietary assessment methods were less than 0.5. The validity of our questionnarie is not high enough.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1997

In order to investigate the dietary intakes and physical characteristics in college women smokers, interviews using questionnaires were done on 33 smokers and 42 nonsmokers residing in seoul area. General living habits, dietary habits, food consumption frequency and nutrient intake by quick estimation were investigated through direct interviews with subjects. Subjects height, weight and blood pressure were measured, and body fat percentage were statistically analyzed using Bio-electrical Impedence Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program ; percentage or mean and standard error were examined for each item, and the significant difference was evaluated by chi-square test or Student's t-test at $\alpha$=0.05. In the analysis of taste and food preference, smokers consumed larger amount of alcohol and coffee than nonsmokers ; they also disliked sweet taste. The results of food consumption frequency data also showed that smokers consumed less fish, milk and fruits but consumed more instant foods than nonsmokers. As a result of anthropometric measurements, height, age, and 패요 fat percentage showed no difference, but there was a significant difference in weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Energy intake in nonsmokers was 1640 ㎉/day(CHO : Pro : Fat=66.0 : 14.7 : 19.3), in smokers. Intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin in smokers were not significantly different from those of nonsmokers.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.510-517
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• 2008

본 연구는 대사증후군 유병률을 조사하고, 대사증후군 대상자들의 영양소 섭취의 특성과 성별과 연령별에 따른 영양소 섭취의 차이를 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 1) 대사증후군 유병률은 남자 17%, 여자 4.5%로 전체 평균 10.3%를 나타냈다. 2) 조사대상자의 평균 연령은 정상군 39.0세, 대사증후군 42.8세였으며, BMI는 정상군 22.5 $kg/m^2$보다 대사증후군 대상자등이 27.5 $kg/m^2$로 대사증후군이 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.01). 혈당, 중성지방, 이완기 혈압에서 정상군보다 대사증후군 대상자들이 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.001). 3) 영양소 섭취에서 열량은 정상군 1,699.5 kcal보다 대사증후군 대상자들이 2,047.1 kcal로 유의적으로 높았으며(p<0.001), 동물성지방(p<0.01), 콜레스테롤(p<0.001), 나트륨(p<0.05)의 섭취도 유의적으로 높은 섭취량을 나타냈다. 4) 성별에 따라서 대사증후군 대상자들의 영양소 섭취의 특성은 남녀 모두 정상군보다 대사증후군대상자들의 열량섭취가 높았다. 남자는 지방(p<0.05), 콜레스테롤(p<0.01)에서, 여자는 탄수화물(p<0.05), 단백질(p<0.05)에서 정상군보다 대사증후군 대상자들이 높은 섭취량을 나타냈다. 5) 연령별에 따라서 대사증후군 대상자들의 영양소 섭취의 특성을 살펴보면 30대는 열량, 동물성지방, 콜레스테롤에서, 40대는 지방과 콜레스테롤에서, 50대는 열량, 탄수화물, 식물성지방에서 정상군보다 대사증후군 대상자들이 유의적으로 높은 섭취량을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과 전체대상자의 영양소 섭취 특성은 총열량, 동물성지방, 콜레스테롤, 나트륨에서 정상군보다 대사증후군 대상자들이 유의적으로 높은 섭취량을 나타냈다.