• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.502-506
• /
• 2010

Soybean seed possesses about 15 allergenic proteins recognized by IgEs from soy-sensitive human. The allergenic impact of soybean proteins limit its extensive usage in a broad range of processed foods. Soybean protein P34 or Gly m Bd 30k of the cysteine protease family is one of the major allergen of the soybean seed. P34-null soybean, PI567476, was identified among soybean (Glycine max & Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc) of approximately 16,226 accessions from USDA soybean germplasm screened. Also, for P34 gene (Williams 82; whole genome sequence cultivar) and P34 null gene (PI567476) comparative analysis of sequences listed in the NCBI database showed the presence of a SSLP (Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism) of 4 base pair. So, a SSLP marker was designed to reveal the polymorphism of the locus. In this study, a population of 339 $F_2$ recombinant inbred lines generated by cross between Taekwang (Glycine max) and PI567476 was used to select $F_{2:3}$ plant of a P34 null gene. The result separation rate Taekwang type, heterozygous type and PI567476 type were shown in 85: 187: 67 since single gene is concerned in as the separation rate of 1:2:1 in $X^2{_{0.05}}=5.99$, df=2. In future, selected plant will identify protein level, whether P34 null protein is equal to P34 null gene.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1987.07a
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 1987

Insertions of transposable elements in or near a structural gene give rise to null phenotypes, reduced levels of gene expression, or alteration on the tissue-specific pattern of gene expression. Null phenotypes often result from insertions in exons. Reduced levels of gene expression results from insertions in various regions such as promoter region, 5' non-translated region, exon and intron. The maize allele of Adh1-3F1124 is an example of alteration in the tissue-specific patetern of gene expression. Adh1-3F1124 contains a Mu element inserted 31 bp 5' to the transcriptional start site of the wild-type Adh1 activity in seeds and anaerobically-treated seedlings but normal levels in the pollen. Upon the insertion of a transposable element a certain number of host DNA sequences at the insertion site is duplcated. When transposable elements excise, all element sequences are deleted. However, the duplicated host sequences may be left intact or deleted to various extents. This results in null phenotypes, restoration of original levels of gene expression, or altered levels of gene expression. On the basis of effects of transposable-element insertions or excisions on gene expression, the usefulness of transposable ellements for studies on gene expression is discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.83.1-83
• /
• 2002

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.24 no.E1
• /
• pp.32-43
• /
• 2008

Source samples were collected to construct source profiles for 9 different source types, including soil, road dust, gasoline/diesel-powered vehicles, a municipal incinerator, industrial sources, agricultural/biomass burning, marine aerosol, and a coal-fired power plant. Seasonal profiles for 'Chinese aerosol', aerosols derived from the urban area of China, were reconstructed from seasonal $PM_{2.5}$ compositions reported in Beijing, China. Ambient $PM_{2.5}$ at a receptor site was also measured during each of the four seasons, from April 2001 to February 2002, in Seoul. The Chemical Mass Balance receptor model was applied to quantify source contributions during the study period using the estimated source profiles. Consequently, motor vehicle exhaust (33.0%), in particular 23.9% for diesel-powered vehicles, was the largest contributor affecting the $PM_{2.5}$ levels in Seoul, followed by agricultural/biomass burning (21.5%) and 'Chinese aerosol' (13.1%), indicating contributions from long-range transport. The largest contributors by season were: for spring, 'Chinese aerosol' (31.7%); for summer, motor vehicle exhaust (66.9%); and for fall and winter, agricultural/biomass burning (31.1% and 40.1%, respectively). These results show different seasonal patterns and sources affecting the $PM_{2.5}$ level in Seoul, than those previously reported for other cities in the world.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 2006

Most plant organs develop from meristems. Rice FON1, which is an ortholog of Clv1, regulates stem cell proliferation and organ initiation. The point mutations, fon1-1 and fon1-2, disrupt meristem balance, resulting in alteration of floral organ numbers and the architecture of primary rachis branches. In this study, we identified two knockout alleles, fon1-3 and fon1-4, generated by T-DNA and Tos17 insertion, respectively. Unlike the previously isolated point mutants, the null mutants have alterations not only of the reproductive organs but also of vegetative tissues, producing fewer tillers and secondary rachis branches. The mutant plants are semi-dwarfs due to delayed leaf emergence, and leaf senescence is delayed. SEM analysis showed that the shoot apical meristems of fon1-3 mutants are enlarged. These results indicate that FON1 controls vegetative as well as reproductive development by regulating meristem size.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.26 no.7
• /
• pp.1311-1319
• /
• 2016

Alternaria brassicicola (Schwein.) invades Brassicaceae and causes black spot disease, significantly lowering productivity. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and their upstream kinases, including MAPK kinases (MAPKKs) and MAPKK kinases (MAPKKK), comprise one of the most important signaling pathways determining the pathogenicity of diverse plant pathogens. The AbSte7 gene in the genome of A. brassicicola was predicted to be a homolog of yeast Ste7, a MAPKK; therefore, the function was characterized by generating null mutant strains with a gene replacement method. AbSte7 replacement mutants (RMs) had a slower growth rate and altered colony morphology compared with the wild-type strain. Disruption of the AbSte7 gene resulted in defects in conidiation and melanin accumulation. AbSte7 was also involved in the resistance pathways in salt and oxidative stress, working to negatively regulate salt tolerance and positively regulate oxidative stress. Pathogenicity assays revealed that AbSte7 RMs could not infect intact cabbage leaves, but only formed very small lesions in wounded leaves, whereas typical lesions appeared on both intact and wounded leaves inoculated with the wild-type strain. As the first studied MAPKK in A. brassicicola, these data strongly suggest that the AbSte7 gene is an essential element for the growth, development, and pathogenicity of A. brassicicola.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.84.1-84
• /
• 2003

Magnaporthe grisea, the casual agent of rice blast, forms an appressorium to penetrate its host. Much has been learned about environmental cues and signal transduction pathways, especially those involving CAMP and MAP kinases, on appressorium formation during the last decade. More recently, pharmacological data suggest that calcium/calmodulin-dependent signaling system is involved in its appressorium formation. To determine the role of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) on appressorium formation, a gene (WPLCl) encoding PI-PLC was cloned and characterized from M. grisea strain 70-15. Sequence analysis showed that MPLCl has alt five conserved domains present in other phospholipase C genes from several filamentous fungi and mammals. Null mutants (mplcl) generated by targeted gene disruption exhibited pleiotropic effects on conidial morphology, appressorium formation, fertility and pathogenicity. mplcl mutants developed nonfunctional appressoria and are also defective in infectious growth in host tissues. Defects in appressorium formation and pathogenicity in mplcl mutants were complemented by a mouse PLCdelta-1 cDNA under the control of the MPLCl promoter. These results suggest that cellular signaling mediated by MPLCl plays crucial and diverse roles in development and pathogenicity of M. grisea, and functional conservation between fungal and mammalian Pl-PLCs.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.114-117
• /
• 2013

To facilitate their spread, plant viruses have developed several methods for dispersal including insect and seed transmission. While insect transmission requires virus stability against insect digestion, seed-transmitted viruses have to overcome barriers to entry into embryos. Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is transmitted through seed at levels typically below 0.1%, but co-infection with Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) enhanced the seed transmission rate of BPMV in one experiment. In contrast, the rate of SMV seed transmission was not affected by BPMV co-infection. In a second preliminary study, the rate of SMV transmission was lower in an isoline of Williams 82 that contained a null mutation for the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor gene than in Williams 82. In this preliminary study, we observed that factors such as protease inhibitor expression and dual infection may affect the frequency of seed transmission of BPMV and SMV.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 2007

Pharmacophore models for lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (P56 LCK) were developed using CATALYST HypoGen with a training set comprising of 25 different P56 LCK inhibitors. The best quantitative pharmacophore hypothesis comprises of one hydrogen bond acceptor, one hydrogen bond donor, one hydrophobic aliphatic and one ring aromatic features with correlation coefficient of 0.941, root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.933 and cost difference (null cost-total cost) of 66.23. The pharmacophore model was validated by two methods and the validated model was further used to search databases for new compounds with good estimated LCK inhibitory activity. These compounds were evaluated for their binding properties at the active site by molecular docking studies using GOLD software. The compounds with good estimated activity and docking scores were evaluated for physiological properties based on Lipinski's rules. Finally 68 compounds satisfied all the properties required to be a successful inhibitor candidate.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.68 no.4
• /
• pp.294-303
• /
• 2023

Lipoxygenase gives soybeans their grassy flavor, which can disrupt food processing efficiency. This study aimed to identify soybean genotypes with lipoxygenase deficiency among 1,001 soybean accessions and to develop kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers that can detect lipoxygenase mutations. Three lipoxygenase isozymes (Lox1, Lox2, and Lox3) were analyzed using a colorimetric assay based on a substrate-enzyme reaction. Among the 1,001 accessions examined, two (IT160160 and IT276392) exhibited a deficiency solely in Lox1, and one (IT269984) lacked both Lox1 and Lox2. IT160160 had a 74-bp deletion in exon 8 of Lox1 (Glyma13g347600), whereas IT276392 displayed a missense mutation involving the change of C to A at position 2,880 of Lox1. Moreover, we successfully developed four KASP markers that specifically target Lox1, Lox2, and Lox3 mutations. To validate the Lox1 KASP markers, we used two F_2:3 populations generated through a cross between Daepung 2 (lipoxygenase wild type, maternal parent), IT160160, and IT276392 (null Lox1, paternal parent). The results revealed that the Daepung 2 × IT160160 group followed the expected 3:1 ratio according to Mendel's law, whereas the Daepung 2 × IT276392 group did not. Furthermore, a comparison between the colorimetric and KASP marker analyses results revealed a high agreement rate of 96%. KASP markers offer a distinct advantage by allowing the distinction of heterozygous types independent of other variables. As a result, we present an opportunity to expedite the lipoxygenase-deficient cultivar development.