• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.539-545
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• 2013

Although individual-level factors (e.g., attitudes, personality) have long been associated with day-to-day attendance decisions, increasingly researchers have recognized "the social nature of attendance dynamics and their susceptibility to social control (Johns, 2008)." Implications of this social approach for research would be to focus attention on the causes and effects of absence culture (i.e., absence-related perceptions, beliefs, values), and the effects of absence culture on individual and group attendance within social units. Construction projects typically require workers to work in teams or crews on highly interdependent projects, and, thus, are particularly relevant contexts to study absence culture. In this paper we apply a system dynamics (SD) model to study absence culture by utilizing the advantages of SD in capturing a feedback process and state changes. We were particularly interested in: (a) the awareness of social norms within construction crews that pertained to attendance, (b) the interplay between formal attendance rules (policy) and these social norms, and (c) how these sources of influence affected the decision-making process of construction crew members. We expect that the results of this work will help construction organizations evaluate (or re-consider) the effects of their attendance control policies (e.g., timing, strength, and frequency) within a social context. Moreover, our findings suggest that the key to reducing excessive absences might be to invest time in influencing absence culture directly rather than imposing frequent and strict regulations - which, in turn, may inadvertently fortify a culture that works against the organization's interests.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.48-63
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• 2002

The study aims to investigate the process of professional socialization of oriental medical students, to analyze influencing factors on it, and to compare the results with those of western medical students. Professional socialization, in the context of this study, means the process through which a layperson becomes a profession equipped with professional identity and values. A survey using specially designed questionnaire was carried out in 1999. The data were collected from 11 oriental medical colleges for 2,656 students. A total of 2,597 cases was finally included in the statistical analysis. Analysis of factors related to professional value found that oriental medical students thought highly of human-oriented factors, followed by science and status, and this trend remained unchanged as they moved on to qualification. Among professionalism related items, those involved in professional regulation and dominance factors showed high scores, while showing low scores on items related to bio-ethics and autonomy factors. Unlike items of professional value, those of professionalism showed a notable difference in attitude statistically by schooling level. The average scores of factors for professionalism increased with increasing schooling years. This trend proved that oriental medical students acquired professional norms and attitudes through their educational period. Multiple regression analysis with the factors related to professional value and professionalism as dependent variables found that independent variables had some impact on science, status, and clinical autonomy, but no impact on human, policy autonomy, and professional regulation factors. In conclusion, with increasing schooling years, professional norms and attitudes of oriental medical students were also strengthened. And, in spite of the differences in general propensity, they have a base consciousness in common with western medical students. The difference of mind-set and attitudes related to professionalism in the two groups, however, considering the necessity of future cooperative relations, indicated that a common curriculum between both schools is needed, and the education of social medicine should be strengthened in oriental medical colleges.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.446-453
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• 2021

본 논문은 사실과 가치에 관한 두 가지 방식의 윤리이론을 다룬다. 하나는 퍼트남(H. Putnam)의 방식으로 사실과 가치에 대한 경계를 허물어 사실과 가치가 내재적 연관을 갖는 하나의 세계로 만드는 것이다. 다른 하나는 하버마스(J. Habermas)의 방식으로 사실과 가치를 논증에 기초한 간주관적 합의의 산물로 간주하는 것이다. 퍼트남은 내재적 실재론(internal realism)의 입장을 통해 실재론에서 실용주의로 이행하고 있으며, 특히 칸트의 이성주의 전통과 듀이의 실용주의적 견해를 양립시키면서 자신의 입장을 전개하고 있다. 하버마스 역시 칸트의 이성주의와 보편주의의 전통에 서 있으며, 동시에 헤겔의 역사적 이성의 전통에서 진리의 실천성을 강조한다. 이들의 전략이 지니는 의의는 사실과 가치에 대한 엄격한 이분법과 그에 따르는 가치의 영역에 대한 합리성의 평가절하에 대항하여서 가치의 영역에 대한 부활을 시도했다는 데 있다. 이러한 시도의 출발점은 합리성의 현실적 토대를 삶과 실천에 놓는다는 점이다. 이를 통해 사실을 밝혀내는 진리만을 우선시하는 합리성, 곧 도구적으로 축소된 합리성에서 벗어나는 개념적 장치가 주어진다. 그리고 이는 다시 삶의 목적이 무엇인지에 대한 성찰을 통한 실천적 합리성이 부활될 수 있는 여지를 마련하며, 가치와 규범을 타성적 일상이나 관습의 논리에 맡겨버리는 것에 저항할 계기를 제공한다. 하지만 이와 같은 공동 목표에도 사실과 가치에 대하여 취하는 전략의 상이함에 따라 퍼트남의 방식에는 분명한 한계가 노정되어 있다. 퍼트남의 방식은 가치의 특수성과 규범의 보편성에 대한 차이를 없애고 보편주의 윤리의 지위를 흔들어 놓음으로써, 실용주의적 다원론이 자리할 토양으로서 보편적인 틀 자체를 와해시킬 수 있다. 이에 의사소통합리성에 의지하여 보편주의 윤리의 근거를 마련하고자 하며, 이를 통해 규범의 강제력을 확보하고 이 강제력을 토대로 다양한 삶의 양식으로서 문화적 다원주의를 꽃피우고자 한 하버마스의 방식을 대안으로 제시한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2016

영화 <사도>는 사도세자의 비극적 가정사에 공감하는 관객의 감수성, 사회적 기표에 대한 관찰의 기회를 제공한다. 관객은 사도세자의 비극을 보며 아버지와 아들의 상이한 정서적 감정, 전통의 이상과 가치의 상징인 아버지의 주체와 이를 파괴하려는 저항적 주체간의 상반된 의식이 마음속에서 충돌할 때 본래적 '나'로 회귀할 것인지 아니면 자동적 사회적 행동으로서 이를 봉합할 수 있는 무의식적 위선 혹은 의식화된 감정을 따를 것인지 고민한다. 관객은 전통적 사회의 상징인 아버지의 권위와 위엄을 지향하면서도 사도세자의 비극을 보며 '나'의 존재론적 철학적 가치를 중시하는 양가적 태도, 도덕적 가치관을 내 보인다. 본 연구는 아버지의 기표와 그에 대한 '나'의 저항 그리고 '나'의 광기를 살펴보는 가운데 도덕의 가치와 기준에 관한 관객의 사유를 살펴보고, 또한 과거의 도덕은 항상 도전에 직면할 수밖에 없고, 현재 역시 미래에 의해 전복될지도 모르는 도덕의 가치에 안위하고 있기에 관객이 최상의 것이기를 원하고 믿었던 도덕, 질서, 법의 체계는 언제나 미완성이고 변화무쌍한 것임을 말하고자 한다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.217-231
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• 1984

Many investigators have studied the growth changes of craniofacial complex to obtain important informations and standard values with which attempts at prediction of growth and treatment results have been under exploration. The author analyzed 360 cephalometric roentgenograms of 40 boys and 50 girls taken from the ages of 6 to 9 to assess the growth changes of craniofacial complex and to establish Korean norms by Ricketts' analysis method. 17 Landmarks, 10 planes and 8 angles were plotted and measured by linearly and angularly. The results were as follows: 1. The author made the tables of means, standard deviations from the measured values. 2. The item which showed significant difference between males and females in longitudinal study was facial axis length. 3. Items which show significant changes during 3 years were cranial base length, facial axis length, lower incisor to APO, Upper molar to PTV in males, and cranial base length, facial axis length, upper molar to PTV in females. 4. The correlations between cranial base length and facial axis length to body height and weight were higher in males than in females throughout the items.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.137-151
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• 1989

To help arrive at a more accurate diagnosis of anteroposterior apial base relationship on each individual case, it is important to compare the interpretation in the same population on a longitudinal basis. The author studied on the changes of the anteroposterior apical base relationship using serial lateral cephalometric roentgenograms of 15 boys and 27 girls aged from 6 to 13 years of Korean children. Following results were obtained 1. Norms of Korean boys and girls were established. 2. With ages, there was a gradual decrease of ANB, AXB angle, and there was a gradual increase of facial angle, A-B plane angle, APDI. 3. Wits appraisal does not change significantly with ages. 4. No significant differences were observed in the changes between male and female subjects for all absolute values between the ages of 6 years and 12 years, but significant differences were observed in ANB, AXB, A-B plane angle of the age of 13 years. No significant differences were observed in the changes between male and female subjects for all incremental values between the ages of 6 years and 13 years.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.105-124
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• 2017

The recent global economic crisis has resulted in increased discussion and attention on the sharing economy, a form of economic activity where individuals share currently available products. This study investigates consumer sharing economy usage attitudes and usage intentions by applying rational choice theory. For this study, an investigation that had 400 adult consumers from across Korea answer a structured questionnaire was conducted. A statistical approach using SPSS ver. 22.0 was used to analyze the data. The study found that the consumer's sharing economy value and participation levels were higher than usual. Higher than usual consumption patterns were seen for the construct of rational behavior theory. An analysis of the relative influence of variables regarding sharing economy usage intention also found that usage intention was higher for those who had experienced using a sharing economy services rather than those who did not have experience. In addition, the sharing economy usage intention also increased along with the values for subjective norms, sharing economy usage attitudes, sharing economy participation, sharing economy emotional benefits, and increased values. This study found that fundamental materials for consumer education should be made to eliminate difficulties that consumers have when they use sharing economy services. It is also expected that economic policy will develop to stimulate the sharing economy in a stable manner, that sharing economy-related information will be provided to consumers, and that consumer policies will be prepared to prevent consumer problems before they occur.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.497-515
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• 2009

Culture as a source of identity, as Edward Said says, can be a battleground on which various political and ideological causes engage one another. It is not mere individual cultivation or private possession, but a program for social cohesion. Sensitively aware that a national culture should be independent from Europe, Walt Whitman enacts a new form of literature by placing different cultural values against Old World tradition. His interest in autochthonous culture originates from his deep concern about national consciousness. He believes that literary taste directed toward highly-ornamented elite culture is an obstacle to cultural unification of a nation. In order to represent American culture of the common people, Whitman incorporates a lot of cultural material into his poetry. Since he believes that America has many respectable writers at home, he urges people to adjust to their own taste instead of running after foreign authors. Whitman differentiated his poetry from previous literary models by disrupting the established literary norms and reconfiguring cultural values on the basis of American ways of life. In his comment on other poets, he concentrates on the originality and nativity of poetry. By claiming that words have characteristics of nativity, independence, and individuality, he envisions American literature to be distinguished from British literature in literary materials as well as in language. Whitman s language is composed of a vast number of words that can fully portray the nation. He works over language materials in two ways: reterritorialization and deterritorialization. Not only does his literary language become subversive of the established literary language, but also makes it possible to express strength and intensity in feeling.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2005

Diesel engines have low specific fuel consumption, but high particulate emissions, mainly soot. Diesel soot is suspected to have significant effects on the health of living beings and might also affect global warming. Hence stringent measures have been put in place in a number of countries and will be even stronger in the near future. Diesel engines require either advanced integrated exhaust after treatment systems or modified engine models to meet the statutory norms. Experimental analysis to study the emission characteristics is a time consuming affair. In such situations, the real picture of engine control can be obtained by the modeling of trend prediction. In this article, an effort has been made to predict emissions smoke and NO$_{x}$ using cylinder combustion derived parameters and diesel particulate filter data, with artificial neural network techniques in MATLAB environment. The model is based on three layer neural network with a back propagation learning algorithm. The training and test data of emissions were collected from experimental set up in the laboratory for different loads. The network is trained to predict the values of emission with training values. Regression analysis between test and predicted value from neural network shows least error. This approach helps in the reduction of the experimentation required to determine the smoke and NO$_{x}$ for the catalyst coated filters.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.639-653
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting the decisions regarding second births. Especially, analysis focused on the connections between desire for a second birth and the family factors such as family values and marital relations because they have been rarely known until now. Data was from 1,156 married women that had only one child and had been part of the national data collected by KIHASA in 2003. Major findings can be summarized as follows. First, it was found that value-related factors affect the likelihood of a second birth. The degree of parental responsibility is negatively related with the desire for a second birth. However, the perceived ideal number of children is positively related to it. Second, it was found that the quality of family relations influences the decision for the second birth. Particularly, marital satisfaction is likely to be the most important factor tending to mediate the effects of socio-demographic factors and value-related factors on the plan for a second birth. These results suggest that the effects of social norms on the number of children and timing of childbearing which exist in the family are becoming weaker. Nevertheless, the traditional value of children such as a preference for a son can still be found.