• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.561-573
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• 2020

The creep and consolidation behaviors of clays subjected to thermal cycles are of fundamental importance in the application of energy geostructures. This study aims to numerically investigate the physical mechanisms for the temperature-triggered volume change of saturated clays. A recently developed thermodynamic framework is used to derive the thermo-mechanical constitutive model for clays. Based on the model, a fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) finite element (FE) code is developed. Comparison with experimental observations shows that the proposed FE code can well reproduce the irreversible thermal contraction of normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated clays, as well as the thermal expansion of heavily overconsolidated clays under drained heating. Simulations reveal that excess pore pressure may accumulate in clay samples under triaxial drained conditions due to low permeability and high heating rate, resulting in thermally induced primary consolidation. Results show that four major mechanisms contribute to the thermal volume change of clays: (i) the principle of thermal expansion, (ii) the decrease of effective stress due to the accumulation of excess pore pressure, (iii) the thermal creep, and (iv) the thermally induced primary consolidation. The former two mechanisms mainly contribute to the thermal expansion of heavily overconsolidated clays, whereas the latter two contribute to the noticeable thermal contraction of normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated clays. Consideration of the four physical mechanisms is important for the settlement prediction of energy geostructures, especially in soft soils.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2011

실내시험은 다양한 응력조건과 배수조건의 모사가 가능하므로 상용 유한요소 해석프로그램의 입력변수 산정에 필수적인 요소가 되나 시료의 운송, 시료추출, 트리밍, 함수비 손실, 응력이완으로 인한 교란과 채취가 관입시의 교란으로 양질의 시료를 얻는데 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위하여 교란에 따른 시료의 변화를 이해하고 이를 실내 시험 결과로부터 입력변수 산정에 적용할 수 있는 방법을 찾아내는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정확한 입력정수의 산정이 필수적인 연약점성토의 교란에 대한 영향을 파악하고자 정규압밀 점성토의 교란에 따른 강도 및 강성의 변화를 삽축시험기를 이용한 응력경로시험을 통하여 파악하였다. 그 결과, 교란의 정도가 강도에 미치는 영향은 크지 않았으나, 전단강성계수와 커플링강성계수의 변형률에 따른 감쇠 경향에는 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1986

포화된 정규압밀 점토가 비배수 전단을 받을 때 흙 속에 발생하는 과열간극수압과 변형의 관계를 밝히기 위하여 두개의 재성형 점토와 한개의 비휴선 시료를 사용하여 압밀-비배수 삼축위축 시험을 시행하였다. 시험은 등방일정규압밀된 시료이 열색 표준 삼축타축 시험으르 변형 제어와 응력 제어 방식에 의하여 수행되었으며, 시험 결과로 부터 전단중의 과잉간변수압과 변형의 관계를 표현 할 수 있는 쌍유선 함수를 찾아내었다. 이 쌍곡선함수는 응력일변형 거동에 대한 Kondner의 쌍곡선 모형과 같은 형태의 함수이며 이 함점니 사용되는 두 개의 계수는 삼축압축 시험(CU)으로부터 구해진다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.1039-1046
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• 2005

After clay particles have been sediment isotropically, the clay deposits have been consolidated under $K_0$-stress system. Therefore, in order to predict the behavior in-situ of normally consolidated clays, the laboratory test should be enforced under $K_0$-stress system and should obtain the characteristics of normally consolidated clays. And relationship of stress-strain on clay is effected on not only method of consolidation but also characteristic of visco-plastic behavior. Saturated clay is effected more this trend. So, rate of strain is considered to understand exact stress-strain relationship. In this study, the series of undrained triaxial compression tests were preformed on remolded specimens which was made by slurry of clay, consolidated under $K_0$-stress systems. And the undrained triaxial compression test were preformed to examine behavior of stress-strain relationship due to rate of shear strain relationship due to rate of shear strain.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.669-685
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• 2015

A three-dimensional elastoplastic constitutive model, also known as a UH model (Yao et al. 2009), was developed to describe the stress-strain relationship for normally consolidated and over-consolidated soils. In this paper, an acoustic tensor and discriminator of bifurcation for the UH model are derived for the strain localization of saturated clays under undrained and fully and partially drained conditions. Analytical analysis is performed to illustrate the points of bifurcation for the UH model with different three-dimensional stress paths. Numerical analyses of cubic specimens for the bifurcation of saturated clays under undrained and fully and partially drained conditions are conducted using ABAQUS with the UH model. Analytical and numerical analyses show the similar bifurcation behaviour of overconsolidated clays in three-dimensional stress states and various drainage conditions. The results of analytical and numerical analyses show that (1) the occurrence of bifurcation is dependent on the stress path and drainage condition; and (2) bifurcation can appear in either a strain-hardening or strain-softening regime.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.575-582
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• 2000

The flat Dilatometer test(flat DMT) has been known as an in-situ testing method which is simple and robust to use, and reliable for site stratification and evaluation of soil properties. It was designed and proposed by Marchetti in 1975 to characterize the properties of soils. There are many researches that have been done to evaluate the horizontal coefficient of consolidation from the dissipation test results of flat DMT on normally consolidated and slightly overconsolidated clays. The representative estimation methods of estimating the horizontal consolidation coefficient are DMT-C method which uses a C-reading dissipation curve and DMT-A method which uses a A-reading dissipation curve. This paper represents a comparison analysis of those two methods in obtaining the horizontal coefficients of consolidation. The reference values are also obtained by CPTU and other laboratory tests. The applicability of using flat DMT to characterize the consolidation behavior is also reviewed for two sites. According to the results, DMT-A method is not suitable for silty clays possibly because of the compressibility characteristics. As for the normally consolidated and slightly overconsolidated clays, the results obtained from the two methods are comparable with each other as well as with the laboratory test results.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.203-210
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• 2004

Consolidation properties were analysed by means of depositional environments. Depositional environments including geochemical properties, porewater chemistry, sediment structures, particle size distributions and carbon age dating were analysed using undisturbed samples retrieved successively from a boring hole in the study area. Laboratory oedometer tests and anisotropic consolidated triaxial tests(CKoUC) were performed to examine the overconsolidation phenomenons. Based on the carbon age dating results and profiles of geochemical properties, porewater chemistry, salinity and pH, it was founded that the upper silt/clay complex layer was deposited under marine condition while sand and clay layers were deposited under fluvial condition. Planar laminated structures of silts and clays were dominant in marine deposits. Although there was no clear evidences that geological erosion had been occurred in marine deposits, overconsolidation ratio obtained from oedometer tests were greater than unity. Stress paths of samples behaved similar to those of normally consolidated clays. Data plotted in stress state charts proposed by Burland(1990) and Chandler(2000) showed that the marine deposits were geologically normally consolidated. These apparent overconsolidations can be explained by the fabric and chemical bonding due to the difference of the rate of deposition.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.361-368
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• 2000

In other to examine the compressibility characteristics of cohesive soils in the mouth of the Nakdong river, the oedometer tests were peformed on undisturbed and reconstituted samples obtained by continuous boring typically at 3 different sites. It is meaningful to compare the consolidation behavior of natural clays with a reference state because the natural clays are depending on the stress history, sedimentary environment and geological history. In this study, the insitu state of the Pusan clays was investigated using the concepts of ISL(Nagaraj, 2000) and ICL and SCL(Burland, 1990). And for the purpose of confirming the existence of the underconsolidated clays, a standpipe type piezometer test and a dissipation test by piezocone were performed at their sites. Consequently, the Pusan clays were evaluated as normally consolidated clays.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 콘 선단부 주변의 정규압밀점토 요소의 응력 경로가 삼축압축시험의 응력 경로와 같고 흙 요소를 탄성-완전 소성 재료로 가정하여, 콘 관입에 따른 과잉간극수압의 두 요소를 포함한 응력 상태를 평가할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 루이지애나 주립대학교 모형 토조에서 수행된 소형 피에조 콘 시험결과에 적용하였다. 해석결과에 의하면, 제안된 방법에 의해 산정된 $\Delta{u}_{oct}$/ $\Delta{u}$ and $\Delta{u}_{shear}$/$\Delta{u}$ 는 오직 간극수압계수의 함수인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 기존의 이론해에서는 비배수 전단강도, 강성지수와 같은 흙의 물성치 산정의 정확성에 따라 좌우되는 반면에 제안된 방법은 간극수압계수에 따른 일관된 결과를 주며 기존의 연구결과와도 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 1992

정규압밀점토의 거동을 예측하기 위한 새로운 구성방정식이 제안되었으며, 그 골격은 Roscoe 와 Poorooshasb의 증분응력-변형률이론의 기본개념에 근거를 두고있다. 비배수 조건에서의 유효응력경려폰t은 새로운 간극수압계수(C)를 이용하여 유도되었고, 여기 에서 간극수압계수는 표준화묀 간극수압과 응력의 관계에서 직선의 기울기로 표시된다. 비배 수 응력경로와 일정응력비경로(constant stress ratio path)를 따라 발생하는 응력의 증가량을 알게되면, 이때의 체적변형률은 간극비-대수평균 연직 응력(e-dnp) 관계의 선형 특성으로부 터 계산될 수 있다. 또한 Roscoe와 Burland의 수정 Cam-clay 이론에서 유도된 유동법칙(flow rule)을 적용하여 임의 응력점에서의 전단변형률을 예측할 수 있다.