• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1187-1192
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• 2014

Background: To correlate breast cancer subtypes with prognostic factors, microvessel density (MVD), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and clinical features. Materials and Methods: One hundred cases of primary breast carcinoma were classified using biomarkers on tissue microarray as: luminal A [estrogen receptor (ER)+, HER2-, $Ki-67{\leq}14%$], luminal B [ER+, HER2+ or ER+, HER2-, Ki-67>14%], HER2, triple negative basal-like (TNB) [any basal cytokeratins (CKs, 5, 14, 17) and/or endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression], and TN without such markers [TNN, null], and assessed for p53, vimentin, VEGF and CD31 immunoperoxidase. Results: Of the 100 cases (mean age, 51 years; mean tumor size, 3.2cm; 56% with nodal metastasis; 89 invasive ductal carcinomas, not otherwise specified, 4 invasive lobular carcinomas, 3 metaplastic carcinomas, and 4 other types) there were 39 luminal A, 18 luminal B, 18 HER2, 15 TNB and 10 TNN. The positivities of basal-like markers in the basal-like subtype were 78.3% for CK5, 40% for CK14, 20% for CK17, 46.7% for EGFR. There was no significant difference in age distribution, tumor size, degree of tubular formation, pleomorphism, lymphovascular invasion, nodal metastasis, MVD, VEGF expression and survival among subgroups. TNs demonstrated significantly higher tumor grade, mitotic count, Ki-67 index, p53 and vimentin and decreased overall survival compared with nonTN. Conclusions: The distribution of breast cancer subtypes in this study was similar to other Asian countries with a high prevalence of TN. The high grade character of TN was confirmed and CK5 expression was found to be common in our basal-like subtype. No significant elevation of MVD or VEGF expression was apparent.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.531-535
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• 2015

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) refers to the unique ability of highly aggressive tumor cells to mimic the pattern of embryonic vasculogenesis, which was associated with invasion and metastasis. The grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) had attracted much attention as a potential bioactive anti-carcinogenic agent. However, GSPs regulation of VM and its possible mechanisms in a triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) remain not clear. Therefore, we examined the effect of GSPs on VM information in HCC1937 cell model. In this study, we identified the VM structure via the three-dimensional (3D) matrix in vitro. Cell viability was measured using the CCK8 assay. The effects of GSPs on human triple-negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) HCC1937 in terms of related proteins of VM information were determined using western blot analysis. In vitro, the tubular networks were found in highly invasive HCC1937 cells but not in the non-invasive MCF-7 cells when plated on matrigel. The number of vascular channels was significantly reduced when cells were exposed in GSPs ($100{\mu}g$/ml) and GSPs ($200{\mu}g/mL$) groups (all p<0.001). Furthermore, we found that treatment with GSPs promoted transition of the mesenchymal state to the epithelial state in HCC1937 cells as well as reducing the expression of Twist1 protein, a master EMT regulator.GSPs has the ability to inhibit VM information by the suppression of Twist1 protein that could be related to the reversal of epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) process. It is firstly concluded that GSPs may be an p otential anti-VM botanical agent for human TNBCs.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2002

This paper describes the machining characteristics of the MoSi$_2$--based composites through the process of electric discharge drilling with various tubular electrodes. In addition to hardness characteristics, microstructures of Nb/MoSi$_2$laminate composites were evaluated from the variation of fabricating conditions, such as preparation temperature, applied pressure, and pressure holding time. MoSi$_2$-based composites have been developed in new materials for jet engines of supersonic-speed airplanes and gas turbines for high-temperature generators. These high performance engines may require new hard materials with high strength and high temperature-resistance. Also, with the exception of grinding, traditional machining methods are not applicable to these new materials. Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a thermal process that utilizes a spark discharge to melt a conductive material. The tool electrode is almost -unloaded, because there is n direct contact between the tool electrode and the work piece. By combining a non-conducting ceramic with more conducting ceramic, it was possible to raise the electrical conductivity. From experimental results, it was found that the lamination from Nb sheet and MoSi$_2$ powder was an excellent strategy to improve hardness characteristics of monolithic MoSi$_2$. However, interfacial reaction products, like (Nb, Mo)SiO$_2$and Nb$_2$Si$_3$formed at the interface of Nb/MoSi$_2$, and increased with fabricating temperature. MoSi$_2$composites, with which a hole drilling was not possible through the conventional machining process, enhanced the capacity of ED-drilling by adding MbSi$_2$, relative to that of SiC or ZrO$_2$reinforcements.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2016

한국산 날개망둑 Favonigobius gymnauchen 후각기관은 2015년 7월과 8월 사이 전라북도 부안군 변산면 격포리의 조간대에서 채집된 개체들을 대상으로 실체현미경, 광학현미경 그리고 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 해부학 및 조직학적 특징들을 조사하였다. 후각기관은 두부 주둥이 위 좌우로 한 쌍이 존재하며, 전비공과 후비공, 한개의 비강, 두 개의 비낭, 후신경, 그리고 후구로 구성되었다. 비강 내 감각상피는 연결성 유형의 분포를 보였으며, 섬모성 감각세포만을 가지고 있었고, 감각세포, 지지세포, 기저세포들로 구성되었다. 비감각상피는 층상상피세포들로 구성되었으며, 표면에 많은 점액공을 가지고 있었다. 따라서 이러한 후각기관의 특징들은 연안지역 조수 웅덩이와 수심이 얕은 조간대의 생태적 서식처와 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.260-264
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• 1997

This study was conducted with adult cockerels to determine whether dietary RNA affects feed intake and renal weight and function, and if the responses are similar to dietary adenine. Chickens were ad libitum fed a RNA diet (100 g/kg) or an adenine diet (9.1 g/kg) for 14 d and catheterized in right jugular vein, hepatic portal vein and both urethers, and saline together with para-amino hippuric acid and sodium thiosulfate was continuously infused into them to evaluate renal functions. Dietary RNA reduced feed intake and body weight, and dietary adenine increased kidney weight expressed as a proportion of body weight (P < 0.05). Feed intake and body weight on the adenine diet and kidney weight on the RNA diet showed similar though non significant tendencies. No calculi were detected in the kidney in chickens fed either the RNA or adenine diets. Plasma inorganic phosphate (IP), Ca and 1,25 $(OH)_2$ vitamin $D_3$ concentrations were increased by dietary RNA and adenine, although the increases of IP and Ca in adenine-fed chickens were not significant. Uric acid and urea concentrations in the blood plasma were unaffected by dietary RNA or adenine. Both dietary RNA and adenine increased renal blood flow rates 3.5-3.7 fold, renal plasma flow rates 3.4-3.7 fold and glomerular filtration rates (GFR) 2.9-3.0 fold (p < 0.01). Clearance of urea, IP and Ca were also enhanced by dietary RNA, but not by dietary adenine. However, neither RNA nor adenine affected uric acid clearance. Only IP clearance was significantly augmented at the glomerular level by dietary RNA (p < 0.05). Glomerular filtration of uric acid, urea, IP and Ca and reabsorption of urea, IP and Ca at the renal tubule were increased by dietary RNA and adenine (p < 0.05), whereas tubular secretion of uric acid was decreased by both dietary treatments. It is concluded that dietary adenine is effective in changing renal function and P and Ca metabolism in chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.919-923
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• 2004

Ultrasonographic study was undertaken to establish the echogenecity and size of reproductive organs of 18 cycling buffaloes of different parities and compared with the sizes measured by palpation per rectum at estrus (day 0), met estrus (day 2), mid diestrus (day 10) and late diestrus (day 16). The overall mean size of cervix, uterine body, right horn, left horn, right ovary and left ovary measured by palpation per rectum were 2.70$\pm$0.43, 2.36$\pm$0.36, 2.17$\pm$0.37, 2.12$\pm$0.38, 2.63$\pm$0.41 and 2.72$\pm$0.37 cm, respectively. The corresponding ultrasonographic observations were 2.10$\pm$0.40, 1.85$\pm$0.30, 1.73$\pm$0.36, 1.64$\pm$0.37, 2.16$\pm$0.36 and 2.29$\pm$0.38 cm respectively. Variations in the size of genitalia due to stages of estrous cycle were non-significant. The size of genitalia measured by palpation per rectum was significantly higher (p<0.05) than by ultrasonography. However, there was linear positive correlation (r=+0.87) in the measurements by the two techniques. The ultrasonographic characteristics of tubular genitalia revealed different echogenic gray shades around the nonechogenic (black) central area of lumen depending upon the stage of cycle. The ovarian stroma appeared as hyperechoic (white) area with nonechogenic (black) follicle. The corpus luteum (CL) exhibited different echogenic texture viz. grayish black, grayish granular and grayish white at met estrus, mid diestrus and late diestrus, respectively. Therefore, ltrasonography can be effectively employed to record the exact size and echotexture of the buffalo genitalia during different stages of estrous cycle.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 2014

요로기형 또는 급성신우신염이 있는 어린 영아에서 신세뇨관 기능 미성숙이나 일과성 가성저알도스테론혈증에 의해 고칼륨혈증이 흔하지 않게 발생할 수 있다. 고칼륨혈증은 증세가 뚜렷하지 않지만, 골격근이나 심장기능에 치명적인 영향을 줄 수 있어 즉각적인 처치를 필요로 한다. 고칼륨혈증 치료에 fludrocortisone을 적용하는 경우는 저알도 스테론혈증에 해당하였으나, 혈중 알도스테론농도 변화없이 세뇨관의 칼륨 배설 기능 미성숙에 의한 고칼륨혈증에 대한 사례는 문헌고찰상 없었다. 본 증례에서는 급성신우신염으로 입원한 후 지속적인 고칼륨혈증과 정상 혈중알도 스테론농도를 보인 25일 영아에서 fludrocortisone로 처치한 후 양호한 경과가 관찰되어 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1998

복합재료와 금속 튜브 사이의 좁고 긴 원통형 공간을 EPDM(Ethylene propylene dien ter polymer)으로 충전하는 연구를 수행하였다. 휴대용 유도무기의 추진기관을 개발하기 위하여 소형 연소관 조립체를 설계하고 제작하였다. 연소관 조립체는 연소관 금속튜브, 연소관 내열재, 그리고 연소관 단열재로 이루어져 있는데 연소관 내열재는 탄소/페놀릭을 사용하여 롤링 공법으로 제작하였으며 연소관 단열재는 EPDM을 사용하여 TPM 공법으로 제작하였다. EPDM의 조성 선정을 위하여 내열 삭마특성, 열분해특성 실험을 수행하였으며 흐름성, 접착성, 경도측정 등을 통하여 최종 조성을 결정하였다. 연소관 조립체를 제작하기 위한 EPDM 충전을 위하여 TPM 공법을 설계하고 금형과 치구를 제작하였다. 충전된 연소관 조립체는 비파괴검사를 통하여 접착, 기공 등을 검사하여 최종 선정되었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2011

두께가 얇은 강관을 사용한 CFT기둥은 강관의 국부좌굴에 대한 구속효과로 내력상승을 기대할 수 있으므로 폭두께비가 작은 강관 CFT기둥에 비해 경제성을 확보할 수 있다. 본 논문의 목적은 각형 CFT기둥에 대한 기존 설계식의 타당성을 입증하고, 내력 증대에 따른 강관 폭두께비의 사용성 한계를 확인하고자 하였다. 실험의 주요변수로는 강관의 폭두께비, 콘크리트 각 주의 높이 및 콘크리트 충전 유무로 하였다. 실험결과, 고강도 콘크리트를 충전한 박판의 각형강관기둥에서 충전콘크리트의 압축내력에 대한 강관의 구속효과가 크게 나타났으며, 비선형 해석에 따르면, 실험결과에 의한 내력은 전체 CFT단주 실험체에서 해석값보다 다소 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2021

Src family kinases (SFKs), an important group of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, are suggested to be excessively activated during various types of tissue fibrosis. The present study investigated the effect of KF-1607, an orally active and a newly synthesized Src kinase inhibitor (SKI) with proposed low toxicity, in preventing the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery was performed in 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to induce renal interstitial fibrosis. Either KF-1607 (30 mg/kg, oral gavage) or PP2 (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), a common experimental SKI, was administered to mice for seven days, started one day prior to surgery. UUO injury-induced SFK expression, including Src, Fyn, and Lyn kinase. SFK inhibition by KF-1607 prevented the progression of tubular injury in UUO mice, as indicated by decreases in albuminuria, urinary KIM-1 excretion, and kidney NGAL protein expression. Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was attenuated in response to KF-1607, as shown by decreases in α-SMA, collagen I and IV protein expression, along with reduced Masson's trichrome and collagen-I staining in kidneys. KF-1607 also inhibited inflammation in the UUO kidney, as exhibited by reductions in F4/80 positive-staining and protein expression of p-NFκB and ICAM. Importantly, the observed effects of KF-1607 were similar to those of PP2. A new pan Src kinase inhibitor, KF-1607, is a potential pharmaceutical agent to prevent the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.