• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.5
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• pp.131-172
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• 2007

Government duties in the cases of crisis are aimed at supporting efficient military operations in the fields of non-military affairs and resource mobilization, maintenance of government functions, and search for the public security of living during the war. In crisis, the government must change its functions into the total-war system with all resources available for the efficient performance of military operations, war economy, public safety and security as well as government continuance. The main contents of "Chung-Mu Plan" include the alternative measures to control the circulation of life necessities, emergency electricity, water and gas; recover public facilities from the disaster; and accommodate the wounded and refugees. Governments have practiced Ul-chi and ChungMoo exercises to improve government's management capabilities and master standard operating procedures including systematic distribution plans in the national and local level. However, such plans have not yet sufficient enough for the maintenance of public security of living. In addition to the conceptual ambiguity, major problems are the inappropriate system of the war economy, legal institutions, and administrative SOPs for the efficient maintenance of it. Thus, for the betterment of national crisis management system, the government should have the manual stated from every step and level dealing with crisis to the legal institutions. It is important to empower the National Emergency Planning Commission for the policy consistency and efficient/effective implementation. The comprehensive plans must have an integrated cooperative system of the central/local governments, military and civil society with actual practices and exercises for the maintenance of the public security of living.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1804-1810
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• 2013

In this paper, we study the opportunistic cooperation scheme that improves the outage performance through the efficient selection between a cooperative mode and a non-cooperative mode. Especially, in decode-and-forward relaying systems, we analyze the outage performance for the opportunistic cooperation using partial relay selection, where closed-form expressions of exact and asymptotic outage probabilities are derived assuming independent and identically distributed Rayleigh fading channels. In the numerical results, we verify the derived expressions, and investigate the outage performances for various target data rates and different numbers of relays. Also, we compare the outage performances of the conventional cooperation scheme and the opportunistic cooperation scheme.

• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-37
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• 2019

Power-line communication (PLC) has influenced smart grid development. In addition, PLC has also been instrumental in current research on internet-of-things (IoT). Due to the implementation of PLC in smart grid and IoT environments, strides have been made in PLC and its combination with the wireless system to form a hybrid communication system. Also, PLC has evolved from a single-input-single-output (SISO) configuration to multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) configuration system, and from a point-to-point communication system to cooperative communication systems. In this work, we extend a MIMO wireless two-way amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative communication system to a hybrid PLC and wireless (PLC/W) system configuration. We then maximize the weighted sum-rate for the hybrid PLC/W by optimizing the precoders at each node within the hybrid PLC/W system. The sum-rate problem was found to be non-convex, therefore, an iterative algorithm is used to find the optimal precoders that locally maximize the system sum-rate. For our simulation results, we compare our proposed hybrid PLC/W configuration to a PLC only and wireless only configuration at each node. Due to an improvement in system diversity, the hybrid PLC/W configuration outperformed the PLC only and wireless only system configurations in all simulation results presented in this paper.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.345-350
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• 1997

The ${\beta}$-Lactoglobulin (BLG) gene expression is differentially regulated during development of the mammary tissues. Such differential regulation of the BLG gene expression can be reiterated in the cultured mammary HC11 cells. In the growing non-confluent HC11 cells, the BLG promoter activity was shown to be partially repressed by the upstream regulatory sequence. The repression was gradually diminished and switched to activation as the cells grew confluent. The differential regulation of the BLG promoter was controlled by the 5'-regulatory sequence located at the upstream of 205 bp. Electromobility shift assay showed that nuclear extract from HC11 cells differentially bound on the regulatory sequence, depending on the cell confluency, which was in accordance with the differential transcriptional activity. DNase I foot-print assay, however, revealed that all nuclear extracts presented the same foot-prints, regardless of confluency of HC11 cells. These results suggest that differential regulation BLG gene expression by the 5'-regulatory sequence may be accomplished by competitive and/or cooperative binding of differential regulatory factors on the same regulatory element.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2018

Ultra-dense small cell networks (UD-SCNs) have been identified as a promising scheme for next-generation wireless networks capable of meeting the ever-increasing demand for higher transmission rates and better quality of service. However, UD-SCNs will inevitably suffer from severe interference among the small cell base stations, which will lower their spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose a software-defined networking (SDN)-based hierarchical agglomerative clustering (SDN-HAC) framework, which leverages SDN to centrally control all sub-channels in the network, and decides on cluster merging using a similarity criterion based on a suitability function. We evaluate the proposed algorithm through simulation. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm performs well and improves system payoff by 18.19% and 436.34% when compared with the traditional network architecture algorithms and non-cooperative scenarios, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the questioning styles in middle school environmentology textbook In terms of frequency, type, and placement of questions. It was also to analyse and to compare the kinds of scientific inquiry processes elicited by the questions in the topics of textbooks. The instrument was the Textbook Questing Strategies Assessment Instrument (TQSAI) developed the Cooperative Teacher Preparation Project, University of California. The average number of Questions per topic was only 1.09 and the ratio of questions to sentences was 2.5%. Most of questions were in explanatory place(75%). Nearly 90% of experienced questions types were reasoning or application. The frequencies of non-experiential question were higher than those of experiential question. In action, there were much kinds of question-styles.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.182-187
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• 1993

The binding isotherms of Methylene Blue with Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) were determined in a Mcllvaine buffer of pH 8.0 at 3$0^{\circ}C$ by a dynamic dialysis methods. The isotherms showed a partition binding which was increase linearly with the increase of free dye concentration in solution. The Scatchard plots for Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-Methylene Blue gave a constant value. The results were interpreted by the McGhee and von Hippel theory considering non-cooperative binding. The intrinsic binding constant k, for Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)-Methylene Blue was 6.02$\ell$/base mol.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.403-405
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• 2000

This paper presents a N-player game theory application for analyzing power transactions in a deregulated energy marketplace such as PoolCo, where, participants, especially, generating entities, maximize their net profits through optimal bidding strategies (i.e., bidding prices and bidding generations). In this paper, the electricity market for power transactions is modeled as a non-cooperative. N-player game with complete information, where the solution is determined in a continuous strategy domain having recourse to the Nash equilibrium idea.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07a
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• pp.361-362
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• 2006

This paper presents the result of survey and analysis on a theoretical approach to the application of incomplete information game in deregulated Power Pools. The deregulation power market arc modeled by the incomplete information game. The case where participants have incomplete information about the operation costs of other participants are highlighted. Pool participants define transactions to maximize their benefit in non-cooperative situation, the ISO defines transactions among participants by looking for minimum price that satisfies the demand in the Pool. The incomplete information game determines Nash equilibrium satisfied Pool participants and the ISO.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.468-474
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the meaning of the concept, assertiveness. Method: This study used Walker and Avant's process of concept analysis. Results: 1. Attributes of assertiveness were defined as 1) Self-esteem 2) Comprehension to others 3) Clarification of the subject 4) Verbal communication 5) Non-verbal communication 2. The antecedents of assertiveness consist of these facts 1) The occurrence of a conflict situation 2) The occurrence of will to stick to one's opinions 3. There are consequences occuring as a result of assertiveness 1) Positive self-confidence 2) Increased comprehension or consideration to others 3) Expand of mutual respect 4) Maintenance of continuously cooperative relationship with each other 5) Output of acceptable results to each other Conclusion: Assertiveness is a core human behavior and is key to interpersonal relationships. Using the components of the concept of assertiveness, many conflicts in a nursing situation can be effectively prevented.