• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2023

Cost-effective high precision hybrid elements are presented in a hierarchical form for dynamic analysis of plates. The costs associated with controlling the vibrations of ferromagnetic plates can be minimized by adequate determination of the amount of electric current and magnetic field. In the present study, the effect of magnetic field and electric current on nonlinear vibrations of ferromagnetic plates is investigated. The general form of Lorentz forces and Maxwell's equations have been considered for the first time to present new relationships for electromagnetic interaction forces with ferromagnetic plates. In order to derive the governing nonlinear differential equations, the theory of third-order shear deformations of three-dimensional plates has been applied along with the von Kármán large deformation strain-displacement relations. Afterward, the nonlinear equations are discretized using the Galerkin method, and the effect of various parameters is investigated. According to the results, electric current and magnetic field have different effects on the equivalent stiffness of ferromagnetic plates. As the electric current increases and the magnetic field decreases, the equivalent stiffness of the plate decreases. This is a phenomenon reported here for the first time. Furthermore, the magnetic field has a more significant effect on the steady-state deflection of the plate compared to the electric current. Increasing the magnetic field and electric current by 10-times results in a reduction of about 350% and an increase of 3.8% in the maximum steady-state deflection, respectively. Furthermore, the nonlinear frequency decreases as time passes, and these changes become more intense as the magnetic field increases.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.113-130
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• 2023

The present manuscript aims to investigate the deviation between the middle surface (MS) and neutral surface (NS) formulations on the static response of bi-directionally functionally graded (BDFG) porous plate. The higher order shear deformation plate theory with a four variable is exploited to define the displacement field of BDFG plate. The displacement field variables based on both NS and on MS are presented in detail. These relations tend to get and derive a new set of boundary conditions (BCs). The porosity distribution is portrayed by cosine function including three different configurations, center, bottom, and top distributions. The elastic foundation including shear and normal stiffnesses by Winkler-Pasternak model is included. The equilibrium equations based on MS and NS are derived by using Hamilton's principles and expressed by variable coefficient partial differential equations. The numerical differential quadrature method (DQM) is adopted to solve the derived partial differential equations with variable coefficient. Rigidities coefficients and stress resultants for both MS and NS formulations are derived. The mathematical formulation is proved with previous published work. Additional numerical and parametric results are developed to present the influences of modified boundary conditions, NS and MS formulations, gradation parameters, elastic foundations coefficients, porosity type and porosity coefficient on the static response of BDFG porous plate. The following model can be used in design and analysis of BDFG structure used in aerospace, vehicle, dental, bio-structure, civil and nuclear structures.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권4A호
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• pp.659-675
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• 2006

근래에 비선형 정적해석법에 기초를 둔 성능-기반 방법이 각광을 받으면서 개선되고 있다. 역량스펙트럼 방법과 변위계수법이 비선형 정적해석법 중에서 대표적이라고 할 수 있다. 새로 건설되거나 기존의 구조물에 대하여 내진설계와 내진성능 평가에 대한 비선형 정적해석법의 적용성을 평가하기 위해서는 우선적으로 역량스펙트럼 방법과 변위계수법의 정확성이 평가되어야 한다. 비선형 정적해석법의 정확성은 근거리 및 원거리 지진하중에 대한 철근 콘크리트 벽체 구조물의 진동대 실험결과와 비교하여 평가하였다. 또한, 단자유도계, 등가단자유도계와 다자유도계에 대한 비선형 동적해석기법에 의해 평가된 지진응답도 진동대 실험결과와 비교하여 평가하였다.

• 지질공학
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2012

앵커두부에서의 많은 문제점들은 앵커두부가 외부에 노출되어 풍화에 직접적인 영향을 받고, 진동이나 외력에 의해 물리적인 변형과 손상을 많이 받기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 기존 수압판 방식의 파괴원인을 분석하여 앵커두부에서 발생하는 문제점 해결을 위해 앵커두부의 지표면 근입방식을 제시하였다. 앵커두부처리 방식의 안정성을 기존방식과 비교, 검토하기 위하여 범용해석프로그램인 ABAQUS로 3차원 정밀 수치해석을 수행하여 하중조건에 따른 변위 및 응력분포양상을 분석하였고, 현장 적용성 검증을 위한 시험시공과 계측을 통해 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 수치해석 결과는 최대수직응력이 9.73 MPa, 수직변위가 1.34 mm로 나타났고, 현장시험을 통하여 콘크리트 수압판의 변위가 근입형 지압판에 비해 3~4배의 큰 변위량을 보인다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 초청강연 및 논문집
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• pp.1278-1289
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• 2008

Currently in increasing number of urban tunnels with small overburden are excavated according to the principle of the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). Successful design, construction and maintenance of NATM tunnel in urban area demands prediction, control and monitoring of surface settlement, gradient and ground displacement with high accuracy. Use of measured displacement for parameter determination has been researched over the years, and one geotechnical engineering principle has been formed as back analysis. In this paper, back analysis of a ground deformational behavior involving nonlinear behavior is discussed. It is of primary importance to make reliable prediction of deformational behavior for shallow tunnels in soft ground. However, predictions made often prove to be incorrect due to complexity of constitutive law and other relevant factors. Back analysis therefore becomes more important, for it may be used to interpret measured displacement to derive nonlinear material characteristics. The paper shows some example in which a deformational mechanism is studied in the light of inhomogeneous distrubution of Young's module, from which a logic is derived to identify two different types of nonlinear constitutive relationships.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.451-471
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• 2006

암반공학 관련 국책과제로부터 암반공학 분야의 주요 연구과제와 연구 내용을 분석해 본 견과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. $\cdot$ 암반공학은 암석 혹은 현지 암반의 변형, 파괴 그리고 변위에 대한 것을 주 연구 내용으로 하고 있으며, 지질학적인 기초를 요구하는 학문이다. 암반내에 존재하는 불연속면은 지하공간을 포함하는 암반의 거동을 결정하는 가장 중요한 변수이다. $\cdot$ 현장조사와 시험의 기본적인 목적은 암반의 강도 정수의 결정과 현지 암반의 응력 상태를 규명하는데 있으며, 실험실 시험 혹은 현장 시험은 반드시 대상 암반의 역학적 거동을 대표할 수 있도록 수행되어야 한다. $\cdot$ 수치해석의 견과는 그 결과가 비록 정량화되었더라도 정성적인 기준에 의해 평가되는 것이 타당하다. 암반의 변위 거동을 면밀하게 계측하여야 NATM의 기본 개념에 맞는 올바른 터널과 지하공간의 설계와 시공이 가능하며, 암반 사면의 안정성을 분석하는데 있어 역해석에 의해 산정된 강도 정수가 전제되어야 할 것으로 평가된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.775-784
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• 2017

This study is devoted to developing many new substructure models for ballasted railway track by using the pyramid model philosophy. As the effect of railway embankment has been less considered in the previous studies in the field of vehicle/track interaction, so the present study develops the pyramid models in the presence of railway embankment and implements them in vehicle/track interaction dynamic analyses. Considering a moving car body as multi bodies with 10 degrees of freedom and the ballasted track including rail, sleeper, ballast, subgrade and embankment, two categories of numerical analyses are performed by considering the new substructure systems including type A (initiation of stress overlap areas in adjacent sleepers from the ballast layer) or type B (initiation of stress overlap areas in adjacent sleepers from the subgrade layer). A comprehensive sensitivity analyses are performed on effective parameters such as ballast height, sleepers spacing and sleeper width. The results indicate that the stiffness of subgrade, embankment and foundation increased by increasing the ballast height. Also, by increasing the ballast height, rail and ballast vertical displacement decreased.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.311-324
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• 2019

The present study aims to evaluate the nonlinear and post-buckling behaviors of orthotropic graphene sheets exposed to end-shortening strain by implementing a semi-Galerkin technique, as a new approach. The nano-sheets are regarded to be on elastic foundations and different out-of-plane boundary conditions are considered for graphene sheets. In addition, nonlocal elasticity theory is employed to achieve the post-buckling behavior related to the nano-sheets. In the present study, first, out-of-plane deflection function is considered as the only displacement field in the proposed technique, which is hypothesized by an appropriate deflected form. Then, the exact nonlocal stress function is calculated through a complete solution of the von-Karman compatibility equation. In the next step, Galerkin's method is used to solve the unknown parameters considered in the proposed technique. In addition, three different scenarios, which are significantly different with respect to concept, are used to satisfy the natural in-plane boundary conditions and completely attain the stress function. Finally, the post-buckling behavior of thin graphene sheets are evaluated for all three different scenarios, and the impacts of boundary conditions, polymer substrate, and nonlocal parameter are examined in each scenario.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 균일단면 뿐만 아니라 불균일 단면을 갖는 곡선보의 동적해석을 효과적으로 수행할 수 있는 새로운 2절점 곡선보 요소를 제안하였다. 전단변형률을 고려한 본 요소는 Hellinger-Reissner 변분이론에 바탕하여 유한요소정식화를 수행하였다. 또한, 변위장에 대해 무절점 자유도를 추가적으로 도입하여 요소의 수치적 성능을 크게 향상시켰다. 계산의 효율성을 위해, 요소정식화의 최종단계에서 정치조건으로부터 응력매개변수들을 제거하고, 동적축약을 통하여 무절점 자유도 성분들 또한 최종적인 유한요소방정식에서 제거되어 일반적인 변위기저 요소와 같은 자유도를 가지는 유한요소방정식을 얻을 수 있다. 몇 가지 수치예제들에 대한 해석을 통하여, 무절점 자유도와 변위장에 일치하는 적절한 응력매개변수가 혼합요소의 수치적 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 본 연구에서 제안된 2절점 혼합요소가 곡선보의 동적해석에서 매우 정확하고 효율적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1063-1081
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• 2015

In this paper, a new nonlocal hyperbolic refined plate model is presented for free vibration properties of functionally graded (FG) plates. This nonlocal nano-plate model incorporates the length scale parameter which can capture the small scale effect. The displacement field of the present theory is chosen based on a hyperbolic variation in the in-plane displacements through the thickness of the nano-plate. By dividing the transverse displacement into the bending and shear parts, the number of unknowns and equations of motion of the present theory is reduced, significantly facilitating structural analysis. The material properties are assumed to vary only in the thickness direction and the effective properties for the FG nano-plate are computed using Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme. The governing equations of motion are derived based on the nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen in conjunction with the refined four variable plate theory via Hamilton's principle. Analytical solution for the simply supported FG nano-plates is obtained to verify the theory by comparing its results with other available solutions in the open literature. The effects of nonlocal parameter, the plate thickness, the plate aspect ratio, and various material compositions on the dynamic response of the FG nano-plate are discussed.