• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.730-747
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• 2005

This study examines relationships between climatic factors and spatial-temporal patterns and recent changes of tropical night phenomenon(TN) occurring through nighttime stages in South Korea. Frequencies of daily TN at different times of night are extracted from long term(1973-2004) 6 hourly nighttime(9PM and 3AM) temperature and daily minimum temperature data at 61 weather stations. Temporally, the occurrences of TN are more pronounced in the evening(9PM) and during the Changma Break period(late July - early August). Spatially, the TNs in the evening frequently occur in the urbanized inland cities at low latitudes due to urban heat islands, whereas the TNs in the middle of night(3AM) or at dawn frequently appeared along the coastal areas within 30km from ocean due to the thermal inertia of ocean. By contrast, the evening(dawn) TN is not seen in the highlands whose elevation is greater than 800m(300m) along the Taebaek and Sobaek mountain ridges due to temperature lapse rates with height Correlation and multivariate regression analyses reveal that the impacts of human or physical climatic factors, such as latitude, elevation, proximity to ocean, and population density, are diverse on the frequencies of TN according to nighttime stages. Recent temporal changes of the late Changma period and intensified urbanization during the 1990s have increased the occurances of TN in urban areas. Therefore, strategies to mitigate the increasing urban TN should be prepared in the near future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3499-3503
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• 2016

Our recent studies conducted in South America have shown that mycotoxin contamination of red chili peppers (RCPs) may be associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Whether this relationship exists in India, a country with a high incidence of GBC and high consumption of RCPs, is unclear. We therefore measured concentrations of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in RCPs from areas of low, medium, and high incidence of GBC in India, and compared these concentrations with GBC incidence in each area. Twenty-one RCP samples were collected from nine cities (eight from a low-incidence area, five from a medium-incidence area, and eight from a high-incidence area). Concentrations of AFs and OTA were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant differences in mean concentrations of AFs and OTA were found in the three areas. AFB1 levels in the low-incidence area ($10.81{\mu}g/kg$) and high-incidence area ($12.00{\mu}g/kg$) were more than 2.2 and 2.4 times higher compared with the maximum permitted level of AFB1 in spices ($5.0{\mu}g/kg$) set by the Commission of the European Communities, or that ($4.4{\mu}g/kg$) obtained in our previous study in Chile. Our results show that the mean concentrations of mycotoxins in RCPs are similar among the three areas in India with different incidences of GBC. Further studies with human subjects are needed to evaluate any association between AFB1 and GBC.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

Utilization of cultural contents is more and more increasing as it is believed to improve local problems and provide historical values. This kind of business is positive in terms of the fact that it attracts visitors into local areas and activate local commercial areas. Under this trend, the construction of specialized streets is required to be approached with first priority to solve problems of cities. So to speak, it's more important to solve intrinsic problems found in local communities and then approach cultural contents step-by-step rather than constructing new spaces with first priority. Moreover, cultural contents should accompany economic aspects which result in local community-friendly and sympathetically concentrated values. Under this sentiment, the efforts to suggest economic ripple effects for government local government's businesses using cultural contents are very important. This study analyzed how much economic ripple effects is yielded by reflecting cultural contents. As the result of analysis, specialized street with cultural contents applied are proved to be more concentrated on multiplier of expediting employment, income and tax and tourism industry than service industry. On the contrary to this, service industry showed more concentrated multiplier of expediting production, income, added values and chain reaction effect (coefficients for influence and sensitivity for front and rear side of tourism industry. Based on these results, construction of specialized streets with cultural contents applied is proved to help synergy effects for local economy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.4
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• pp.415-422
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• 2006

This study aims for suggesting an idea to plan the expansion of consuming environmentally friendly chestnuts by statistically analyzing the types and intentions for consumer's purchase of environmentally friendly point of production and export side. For this, the survey was performed on 650 housewives living in Seoul, new metropolitan cities such as Ilsan, Bundang, where is the central place of main consumption. As a result, it is more effective to plan the expansion of consumption as the activity of consumption promotion for environmentally friendly chestnut focused on specific target such as 3~4 members of family and 30~40's age of young housewives having with the academic background of above university graduate, large income of average monthly payment with over 4.5 million won and consumers who have experience to purchase environmentally friendly forest products. In order to achieve this goal, it is require to secure the stabilized dealer for the environmentally friendly forest products as well as to establish the appropriate price reflected by the value and quality of environmentally friendly chestnut which the consumers recognize. It is estimated that this price can be decided on the basis of willingness to pay for the environmentally friendly chestnut from the index which comes from the integrated and concentrated consumers' expectation as this study surveyed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.539-548
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• 2009

This work aims to highlight the importance and role of the theme and message of BIE exhibitions in the 21th century, and to suggest essential points concerning the preparation of the Expo 2012 Yeosu which would focus on the theme and urban development. After the Expo '98 Lisbon, the theme and message of Expo has been changed from focusing on the progress of technology itself to rethinking of progress itself and focusing on the future of the globe. This change also reflects the need to solve the problems of global environment problem in today's human society and to pursue the new technology which enable to make sure sustainable development. Because the Expo Yeosu, whose theme is the sea and coast, is compared to case of Expo Lisbon whose theme is ocean, we need to make a benchmarking the case of the Expo Lisbon and to make efforts to differenciate the case of the Expo Lisbon. This article suggests concerning the theme and urban development plan of the Expo Yeosu as follows: First, to propose current and future cutting edge technology to utilize the resources of the ocean and the coast and to propose the Yeosu Project, a capacity-building program designed to address various challenges confronting developing countries. Second, to propose a different urban redevelopment plan of capital Lisbon, ie to propose sea port cities network to link the advent of the Namhaeansidae.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4648-4659
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• 2011

Korea experienced rapid urbanization due to high growth of economy. As people left the country and gathered in the city, the size of city has been expanded, resulting in unbalanced development of the land. In addition, it appears in diverse aspects from nationwide phenomenon to the local development in each city unit. In particular, it even tends to become social problems in the metropolitan cities. As a solution for it, this study conducts theoretical consideration on sustainability in the aspect of balanced urban development and suggests measures through analysis on Siheung-city. The result is as follows. First of all, comprehensive approach is required based on sustainability. It is required to derive balanced city development by expanding it to the social, cultural and economic aspects. Second, integrated management policy is required for the original city along with new development. It should be considered together with diverse social and physical aspects. Third, approach from the aspect of city planning is required through consideration on flat city expansion and connection with city space structural. Fourth, in order to foster balanced urban development, it is needed to grope for solutions for imbalanced urban development through the participation of diverse groups such as local residents, private enterprisers, and the non-profit civic groups of the local community along with the mediation among persons interested. And continuous support of administrative authorities should be obtained to create such environment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5879-5884
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• 2013

With the rapid industrialization and economical development, the electricity demands of the industrial facilities and densely populated large cities are continuing to increase in Korea. The increase in the power consumption requires the extension of power facilities, but it is difficult to secure spaces for equipment installation in the limited space of urban areas. In addition, the 154 kV or 345 kV transmission systems in Korea has a short transmission distance, and are connected to one another in network structures that ensure the high reliability and stability of power supply. This structure reduces the impedance during the fault in power system, and increases the magnitude of in the short circuit fault current. The superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) was devised to effectively address these existing problems. The SFCL is a new-concept eco-friendly protective device that ensures fast operation and recovery time for the fault current and does not need additional fault detection devices. Therefore, many studies are being conducted around the world. In this paper, based on the wiring method the initial fault current characteristics, current limiting characteristics, according to the incident angle and the change in inductance current limiting characteristics were analyzed in a multifaceted methods.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.321-340
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• 2007

In this thesis we have examined the concrete forms and periodic tendency changes of eup-settlements, local administrative town, locations within 91 districts in 71 counties of Gyeongsang province. First of all, we have analyzed the overall conditions of eup-settlement locations in Joseon Dynasty under the criterion of topography, feng-shui, and scenery image of the mountains at the back. Then we looked into alterations of location forms mainly of the eup-settlement in which the exact time of migration can be identified and cities which have the evident dates of construction. To sum up, the result is as follows. Firstly, the concrete form of eup-settlement locations in Joseon Dynasty are usually built up in traditional ways, however, quite a few unconventional ones also existed. Secondly, the town castles constructed at the end of Goryeo Dynasty period and before 1430's are hardly related to the traditional location format of Joseon Dynasty, yet the ones constructed after 1430's were mostly in the typical location format. Thirdly, the old eup-settlements established before 1425 are scarcely in the typical location form of Joseon dynasty, but the new eup-settlement established after 1425 were mostly in the typical location forms.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

Purpose - Civil affairs are increasing in various forms, but civil servants who are able to handle them want to reduce the complaints and provide keywords that will help in the future due to their lack of time. While various ideas are presented and implemented as policies in solving civil affairs, there are many cases that are not policies that people can sympathize with. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the complaints accurately and to present correct solutions to the analyzed civil complaint data. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyzed the complaints data for the last three years and found out how to solve the problems of Yongin City and alleviate the burdens of civil servants. To do this, the Hadoop platform and Design Thinking process were reviewed, and proposed a new process to fuse it. The big data analysis stage focuses on civil complaints - Civil data extraction - Civil data analysis - Categorization of the year by keywords analyzing them and the needs of citizens were identified. In the forecast analysis for deriving insights, - The case of innovation case study - Idea derivation - Idea evaluation - Prototyping - Case analysis stage used. Results - Through this, a creative idea of providing free transportation cards to solve the major issues of construction, apartment, installation, and vehicle problems was discovered. There is a specific problem of how to provide these services to certain areas, but there is a pressing need for a policy that can contribute as much as it can to the citizens who are suffering from various problems at this moment. Conclusions - In the past, there were many cases in which free traffic cards were issued mainly to the elderly or disabled. In other countries, foreign residents of other area visit the areas for accommodation, and may give out free transportation cards as well. In this case, the local government will be able to set up a framework to present with a win-win scenario in various ways. It is necessary to reorganize the process in future studies so that the actual solution will be adopted, reduce civil complaints, help establish policies in the future, and be applied in other cities as well.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.231-242
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• 2011

Recently, the green spaces in the urban areas were greatly reduced due to urbanization and industrialization. As urban structures such as roads and buildings are built, the amount of impervious area within a watershed increases. High impervious surfaces are the common causes of high runoff volumes as the soil infiltration capacity decreases and the volume and rate of runoff increase thereby decreasing the groundwater recharge. These effects are causing many environmental problems, such as floods and droughts, climate change, heat island phenomenon, drying streams, etc. Most cities attempted to reduce sewer overflows by separating combined sewers, expanding treatment capacity or storage within the sewer system, or by replacing broken or decaying pipes. However, these practices can be enormously expensive than combined sewer overflows. Therefore, in order to improve these practices, alternative methods should be undertaken. A new approach termed as "Low Impact Development (LID)" technology is currently applied in developed countries around the world. The purpose of this study was to effectively manage runoff by adopting the LID techniques. Small Constructed Wetland(Horizontal Subsurface Flow, HSSF) Pilot-scale reactors were made in which monitoring and experiments were performed to investigate the efficiency of the system in removing pollutants from runoff. Based on the results of the Pilot-plant experiments, TSS, $COD_{Cr}$, TN, TP, Total Pb removal efficiency were 95, 82, 35, 91 and 57%, respectively. Most of the pollutants were reduced after passing the settling tank and the vertical filter media. The results of this study can contribute to the conservation of aquatic ecosystems and restoration of natural water cycle in the urban areas.