Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
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Lack of an Apparent Association between Mycotoxin Concentrations in Red Chili Peppers and Incidence of Gallbladder Cancer in India : an Ecological Study

  • Ikoma, Toshikazu (New Faculty Installation Preparation Room, Hokuriku University) ;
  • Kapoor, Vinay Kumar (Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Behari, Anu (Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Mishra, Kumudesh (Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Tsuchiya, Yasuo (Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences) ;
  • Asai, Takao (Department of Clinical Engineering and Medical Technology, Niigata University of Health and Welfare) ;
  • Endoh, Kazuo (Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare) ;
  • Okano, Kiyoshi (Mycotoxin Research Association) ;
  • Nakamura, Kazutoshi (Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences)
  • Published : 2016.07.01
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Abstract

Our recent studies conducted in South America have shown that mycotoxin contamination of red chili peppers (RCPs) may be associated with an increased risk of gallbladder cancer (GBC). Whether this relationship exists in India, a country with a high incidence of GBC and high consumption of RCPs, is unclear. We therefore measured concentrations of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in RCPs from areas of low, medium, and high incidence of GBC in India, and compared these concentrations with GBC incidence in each area. Twenty-one RCP samples were collected from nine cities (eight from a low-incidence area, five from a medium-incidence area, and eight from a high-incidence area). Concentrations of AFs and OTA were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. No significant differences in mean concentrations of AFs and OTA were found in the three areas. AFB1 levels in the low-incidence area ($10.81{\mu}g/kg$) and high-incidence area ($12.00{\mu}g/kg$) were more than 2.2 and 2.4 times higher compared with the maximum permitted level of AFB1 in spices ($5.0{\mu}g/kg$) set by the Commission of the European Communities, or that ($4.4{\mu}g/kg$) obtained in our previous study in Chile. Our results show that the mean concentrations of mycotoxins in RCPs are similar among the three areas in India with different incidences of GBC. Further studies with human subjects are needed to evaluate any association between AFB1 and GBC.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture

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