• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.12B
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• pp.1483-1490
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• 2009

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been investigated as an enabling technology for future wireless communications such as ad hoc, mesh and sensor networks. However, prior works on bit-loading lack consideration of the constraints on energy and computing facility in sensor networks. In this paper, we suggest an adaptive bit allocation algorithm for a frequency selective fading channel environment which exploits channel state information obtained through a feedback channel. The proposed algorithm significantly reduces computational complexity and satisfies the power budget. Also, its throughput is comparable to the optimum solution. Simulation results support the claim stated.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.3B
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• pp.264-273
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• 2009

For IEEE 802.15.3 HR-WPAN, we propose the DABL algorithm that PNC can allocate the channel times to the DEV in super frame in order that system frame throughput is increased and the delay is decreased. In detail, the DABL algorithm allows to dynamically allocate channel time as well as to adaptively apply the modulation and coding scheme based on the link quality of the DEV. In addition, due to the facts that QoS is quite different depending on service types, we provide the DABL algorithm taking into account RT(Real Time) traffic and Non-RT traffic respectively. Finally, we show simulation results of the DABL algorithm compared to the conventional algorithm that the PNC equally allocates channel times to the DEV regardless of the link quality of the DEV.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39A no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 2014

Operating small cell with existing macro cell is of interest in wireless communication technology to enhance network capacity. Closed-access small cell allows the access of users registered in it and causes severe interference to nearby users connected to macrocell. We propose a dynamic channel allocation for small cells in the same building that first aim to minimize call-drop of the nearby macrocell users, and then want to reduce interferences between the small cells. Since the interference effect of small cells on the nearby macrocell users mainly depends on the small cells' position, the proposed algorithm includes a self-configuration to flexibly allocate frequency channels according to the variation of downlink quality of the macrocell users. Furthermore the algorithm is very simple and practical, which is main contribution of this paper. We observe that the proposed algorithm provides 82-94% of maximum achievable throughput.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.8
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• pp.681-687
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• 2014

Internet traffic is rapidly increasing due to the spread of personal smart devices. It causes serious burden on base stations and access points which are installed in buildings, buses, trains, and ships. We consider a communication scenario aboard a cruise ship and propose efficient contents distribution schemes to alleviate the burden of access points with multi-device-to-multi-device(MD2MD) communication. The proposed transmission method is based on the hybrid STBC-SM scheme. We compare the error performance of MD2MD communication system on the cruise ship using space-time block coding (STBC) scheme, spatial multiplexing (SM) scheme. The proposed MD2MD communication system is expected to adopt in the ship-area-network (SAN) with efficient contents distribution and reliable communication.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2013

This paper proposes a distributed MAC protocol called Carrier Sensing Multiple Access with Collision Resolution (CSMA/CR) considering fully-connected single hop network environments for next-generation wireless LAN with high density of stations. The proposed CSMA/CR is compatible with the conventional MAC protocols by observing the operation of CSMA/CA and is able to detect a collision promptly without RTS/CTS exchange by applying the technique of CSMA/CD to wireless environments. Moreover, once a collision is detected, the dedicated resource is allocated to the next transmission and so the collision that may occur again is resolved. We investigate some implementation issues for the practicality of CSMA/CR and compare it with the typical distributed MAC protocols. The simulation results show that the proposed CSMA/CR has a low overhead as detecting a collision without the RTS/CTS exploitation and achieves always the best throughput regardless of the number of access stations, by using the reservation-based collision resolution technique.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.11
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• pp.939-954
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• 2013

Korean military is developing the next generation military satellite communications system in order to achieve the requirements of future military satellite communication such as high speed, high capacity, survivability, all IP networking, and on-the-move. In this paper, we survey and analyze the research interests about optimal resource allocation and IP networking such as MF-TDMA, random access, satellite IP routing, and PEP. Conventional researches have focused on the increase in channel throughput and efficiency. In addition to these measurements, we consider heterogeneous satellite terminals, full mesh topology, distributed network, anti-jamming, and the like which are the special characteristics of the next generation military satellite communications system. Based on this, we present key research issues and evaluation on the issues by simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.165-196
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• 2001

DNA chip 또는 microarray는 다수의 유전자 또는 유전자 조각을 (보통 수천내지 수만 개)칩상에 고정시켜 놓고 DNA hybridization 반응을 이용하여 유전자들의 발현 양상을 분석할 수 있는 기술이다. 이러한 high-throughput기술은 예전에는 생각하지 못했던 여러가지 분자생물학의 문제에 대한 해답을 제시해 줄 수 있을 뿐 만 아니라, 분자수준에서의 질병 진단, 신약 개발, 환경 오염 문제의 해결 등 그 응용 가능성이 무한하다. 이 기술의 실용적인 적용을 위해서는 DNA chip을 제작하기 위한 하드웨어/웻웨어 기술 외에도 이러한 데이터로부터 최대한 유용하고 새로운 지식을 창출하기 위한 bioinformatics 기술이 핵심이라고 할 수 있다. 유전자 발현 패턴을 데이터마이닝하는 문제는 크게 clustering, classification, dependency analysis로 구분할 수 있으며 이러한 기술은 통계학과인공지능 기계학습에 기반을 두고 있다. 주로 사용된 기법으로는 principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, k-means, self-organizing maps, decision trees, multilayer perceptron neural networks, association rules 등이다. 본 세미나에서는 이러한 기본적인 기계학습 기술 외에 최근에 연구되고 있는 새로운 학습 기술로서 probabilistic graphical model (PGM)을 소개하고 이를 DNA chip 데이터 분석에 응용하는 연구를 살펴본다. PGM은 인공신경망, 그래프 이론, 확률 이론이 결합되어 형성된 기계학습 모델로서 인간 두뇌의 기억과 학습 기작에 기반을 두고 있으며 다른 기계학습 모델과의 큰 차이점 중의 하나는 generative model이라는 것이다. 즉 일단 모델이 만들어지면 이것으로부터 새로운 데이터를 생성할 수 있는 능력이 있어서, 만들어진 모델을 검증하고 이로부터 새로운 사실을 추론해 낼 수 있어 biological data mining 문제에서와 같이 새로운 지식을 발견하는 exploratory analysis에 적합하다. 또한probabilistic graphical model은 기존의 신경망 모델과는 달리 deterministic한의사결정이 아니라 확률에 기반한 soft inference를 하고 학습된 모델로부터 관련된 요인들간의 인과관계(causal relationship) 또는 상호의존관계(dependency)를 분석하기에 적합한 장점이 있다. 군체적인 PGM 모델의 예로서, Bayesian network, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), generative topographic mapping (GTM)의 구조와 학습 및 추론알고리즘을소개하고 이를 DNA칩 데이터 분석 평가 대회인 CAMDA-2000과 CAMDA-2001에서 사용된cancer diagnosis 문제와 gene-drug dependency analysis 문제에 적용한 결과를 살펴본다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4754-4773
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• 2018

In sensor medium access control (SMAC) protocol, sensor nodes can only access the channel in the scheduling and listening period. However, this fixed working method may generate data latency and high conflict. To solve those problems, scheduling duty in the original SMAC protocol is divided into multiple small scheduling duties (micro duty MD). By applying different micro-dispersed contention channel, sensor nodes can reduce the collision probability of the data and thereby save energy. Based on the given micro-duty, this paper presents an adaptive duty cycle (DC) and back-off algorithm, aiming at detecting the fixed duty cycle in SMAC protocol. According to the given buffer queue length, sensor nodes dynamically change the duty cycle. In the context of low duty cycle and low flow, fair binary exponential back-off (F-BEB) algorithm is applied to reduce data latency. In the context of high duty cycle and high flow, capture avoidance binary exponential back-off (CA-BEB) algorithm is used to further reduce the conflict probability for saving energy consumption. Based on the above two contexts, we propose an improved SMAC protocol, micro duty adaptive SMAC protocol (MDA-SMAC). Comparing the performance between MDA-SMAC protocol and SMAC protocol on the NS-2 simulation platform, the results show that, MDA-SMAC protocol performs better in terms of energy consumption, latency and effective throughput than SMAC protocol, especially in the condition of more crowded network traffic and more sensor nodes.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.115-122
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose an efficient dynamic workload balancing strategy which improves the performance of high-performance computing system. The key idea of this dynamic workload balancing strategy is to minimize execution time of each job and to maximize the system throughput by effectively using system resource such as CPU, memory. Also, this strategy dynamically allocates job by considering demanded memory size of executing job and workload status of each node. If an overload node occurs due to allocated job, the proposed scheme migrates job, executing in overload nodes, to another free nodes and reduces the waiting time and execution time of job by balancing workload of each node. Through simulation, we show that the proposed dynamic workload balancing strategy based on CPU, memory improves the performance of high-performance computing system compared to previous strategies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.73-78
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• 2003

In this research, we implement Realtime Air Diffusion Prediction System which is a parallel Fortran model running on distributed-memory parallel computers. The system is designed for air diffusion simulations with four-dimensional data assimilation. For regional air quality forecasting a series of dynamic downscaling technique is adopted using the NCAR/Penn. State MM5 model which is an atmospheric model. The realtime initial data have been provided daily from the KMA (Korean Meteorological Administration) global spectral model output. It takes huge resources of computation to get 24 hour air quality forecast with this four step dynamic downscaling (27km, 9km, 3km, and lkm). Parallel implementation of the realtime system is imperative to achieve increased throughput since the realtime system have to be performed which correct timing behavior and the sequential code requires a large amount of CPU time for typical simulations. The parallel system uses MPI (Message Passing Interface), a standard library to support high-level routines for message passing. We validate the parallel model by comparing it with the sequential model. For realtime running, we implement a cluster computer which is a distributed-memory parallel computer that links high-performance PCs with high-speed interconnection networks. We use 32 2-CPU nodes and a Myrinet network for the cluster. Since cluster computers more cost effective than conventional distributed parallel computers, we can build a dedicated realtime computer. The system also includes web based Gill (Graphic User Interface) for convenient system management and performance monitoring so that end-users can restart the system easily when the system faults. Performance of the parallel model is analyzed by comparing its execution time with the sequential model, and by calculating communication overhead and load imbalance, which are common problems in parallel processing. Performance analysis is carried out on our cluster which has 32 2-CPU nodes.