• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2004

Transplantation would be the only way to cure the end-stage organ failure involving heart, lung, liver, kidney and pancreas. The replacement of the parts of the body damaged to lose its function or lost to trauma must be a dream of human-being. Human history is replete with chimeras, from sphinxes to mermaids, making one wonder if the ancients might actually have dreamed of what now is called 'xenotransplantation'. In the 20th century, the transplantation of organs and tissues to cure disease has become a clinical reality. The development in the fields of surgical techniques, physiology and immunology attributed to the successful transplantation in human. In the center of the successful transplantation lies the progress in understanding the cellular and molecular biology of immune system which led to the development of immunosuppressive drugs and the invention of the concept of immunological tolerance. The mandatory side effects of immunosuppressive drugs including infection and cancer forced us to search alternative approaches along with the development of new immunosuppressive agents. Among the alternative approaches, the induction of a state of immunologic tolerance would be the most promising and the most generic applicability as a future therapy. Recent reports documenting long-term graft survival without immunosuppression suggest that tolerance-based therapies may become a clinical reality. Last year, we saw the epoch making success of overcoming hyperacute rejection in porcine to primate xenotransplantation which will lead porcine to human xenotransplantation to clinical reality. In this review, I dare to summarize the development of transplantation immunology from the perspective of history.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.191-203
• /
• 1995

One of the major functions of rural extension services is to transfer agricultural technologies and information, and advanced new agricultural techniques developed by research institutes, which are meaningful when they are transferred to farmers for practicl application. Information materials can be transferred in the form of newspapers, radio and television broadcasting, printed materials, audio-visual aids, and public communication networks. Agricultural information systems in the era of localization should be oriented toward county extension services, and the following points should be emphasized for more effective dissemination of agricultural technologies : 1) Central organization of the Rural Development Administration should put more emphasis on the production and dissemination of agricultural information to support activities of extension agents at the county level. 2) An Agricultural information center should be established for more effective collection, analysis, processing, production and dissemination of various agri-related information. 3) An advanced and unified network system should be adopted for more accuate and rapid information flow throughout the country, and reinforcement of manpower and facility at the county level should be emphasized for more effective dissemination of agricultural information.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.176-183
• /
• 2004

Background: Human seminal plasma (HSP)-induced hypersensitivity is one of the serious complications with sexual intercourse. The clinical manifestations of HSP-induced hypersensitivity may be related to the release of vasoactive mediators from mast cell induced by HSP. It has recently been reported that HSP modulates immune systems and induces mast cell degranulation and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC). Ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic drugs, have a role of mast cell stabilization and inhibit mast cell-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion. But the inhibitory agents of HSP-induced mast cell activation are unknown. This study was performed to investigate the effects of DSCG and ketotifen on the HSP-induced mast cell activation. Methods: For this, influences of DSCG and ketotifen on the human seminal plasma-induced degranulation, histamine release and morphological changes of RPMC were observed. Results: The mast cell degranulation and histamine release of RPMC by HSP were induced in a dose-dependent fashion. The HSP-induced cytomorphological changes such as swelling, intracellular vacoules, and interrupted cell boundary were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with DSCG or ketotifen. DSCG and Ketotifen inhibited the HSP-induced degranulation and histamine release from RPMC. Conclusion: From the above results, it is suggested that DSCG and ketotifen have a inhibitory effect of the HSP-induced mast cell activation. DSCG and ketotifen may be used for treatment of HSP-induced hypersensitivity.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2015

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and its incidence is gradually increasing worldwide. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a very poor prognosis (estimated 5-year survival rate of <16%). In the last few years, several drugs have been approved for malignant melanoma, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockades. Although new therapeutic agents have improved progression-free and overall survival, their use is limited by drug resistance and drug-related toxicity. At the same time, adoptive cell therapy of metastatic melanoma with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes has shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we summarize the currently available drugs for treatment of malignant melanoma. In addition, we suggest cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells as another candidate approach for adoptive cell therapy of melanoma. Our preclinical study and several previous studies have shown that CIK cells have potent anti-tumor activity against melanomas in vitro and in an in vivo human tumor xenograft model without any toxicity.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.23-43
• /
• 2015

In most of the world, the current trend in information technology is for open data movement that promotes transparency and equal access. An opposite trend is observed in China, which has the world's largest Internet population. The country has implemented sophisticated cyber-infrastructure and practices under the name of The Golden Shield Project (commonly referred to as the Great Firewall) to limit access to popular international web services and to filter traffic containing 'undesirable' political content. Increasingly, tech-savvy Chinese bypass this firewall and use Twitter to share knowledge on censorship circumvention and encryption to collectively troubleshoot firewall evasion methods, and even mobilize actions that border on activism. Using a mixed mythological approach, the current study addresses such networked knowledge sharing among citizens in a restricted web ecosystem. On the theoretical front, this study uses webometric approaches to understand change agents and positive deviant in the diffusion of censorship circumvention technology. On policy-level, the study provides insights for Internet regulators and digital rights groups to help best utilize communication networks of positive deviants to counter Internet control.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.99-114
• /
• 2017

In cognitive science, it is illustrated how the collective opinions of a group of individuals answers to questions involving quantity estimation. One example of this approach is introduced in this article as Star Graph (SG) algorithm. This graph describes the details of communication among individuals to share their information and make a new decision. A new labyrinthine network of neighbors is defined in the decision-making process of the algorithm. In order to prevent getting trapped in local optima, the neighboring networks are regenerated in each iteration of the algorithm. In this algorithm, the normal distribution is utilized for a group of agents with the best results (guidance group) to replace the existing infeasible solutions. Here, some new functions are introduced to provide a high convergence for the method. These functions not only increase the local and global search capabilities but also require less computational effort. Various benchmark functions and engineering problems are examined and the results are compared with those of some other algorithms to show the capability and performance of the presented method.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 1996

This paper presents animation techniques and issues involved in virtual environments where the participants interact with each other through a network. The state of the participant should be collected at each local site, and broadcasted to the other sites. Because information exchange is minimal, animation techniques are applied to convert the incoming low DOF parameters into high DOF joint angles that completely determine the configuration of the agents at each frame. As a case study, a software system VRLOCO is introduced, which has been developed by the author over the last five years.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.19-24
• /
• 2003

This research presents the development of a certain highly efficient model for group security policy negotiation using mobile agents in the IPSec environment. The conventional IP security systems has some problems. A drawback to these systems is that the required policy between each security area is different. Another problem is not possible to guarantee whether a packet is transmitted through the same path by both directions and is protected by the same policy due to the topology of the network. Unlike conventional systems, the model developed herein can be resolved by using a mobile agent technology. If each domain needs a negotiation of security policy, a mobile agent manages the result of the negotiation in the form of a passport and guarantees the authentication and reliability each other by using the passport.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.99-102
• /
• 2000

In the supply chain network design, how to select the best location, capacity configuration of the suppliers and to assign manufacturers orders are a challenging issue. Especially when multi-tiers'suppliers are existed, the performance of supply chain is influenced by 2$\^$nd/ and 3$\^$rd/ suppliers. Supplier selection is multi-criteria problem which includes both qualitative and quantitative factors in supply chains. In order to select the best supplier it is necessary to make a trade off between these two factors such as cost, product quality, capacity, production lead time, deliver lead time and transportation lead tine of supplier constraints existed in multi-tiers supplier purchasing chain. In these circumstances, purchasing agents should decide two problems: which is the best supplier in each tier and how much should be purchased from each selected supplier. This research is intended to develop an integration of an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and mathematical modeling proposed to consider two factors which may be conflicted in choosing the best supplier in each tier and placing the optimum order quantities to the supplier among multi-tiers suppliers.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.1421-1435
• /
• 2004

When various work was given from user, the existing mobile agent model migrated from node to node and process the work at the point that much traffics according to passive routing schedule are happened, until it makes service the work result, time cost of round work process for the distributed nodes are increased. Therefore, the existing agent systems need migration method to solve the problems of agent size increment or a lack of interoperability among agent systems. To solve these problems in this thesis, we design and implement an CORBA-based Mobile Agent Model(CMAM) for the efficient work process into the distributed nodes, when the mobile agents are migrated among the nodes, using an optimal path search by sensing of network traffic.