• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.219-232
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• 1996

This study was investigated the perceived level of stress and the coping method which the adolescent were confronting. The subject of this investigation was high school students who resided in the City of Pusan. Life Event Scale and Coping Methods Scale were used as the methods for examination. The data were analyzed using M, SD, t-test one-way ANOVA scheffe-test and Pearson's correlation related with this study problem were tested. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The perceived level of teenager's stress was little low with M=1.65 When dividing sphere of perceived level the stress by school problem was the highest and the circumstance problem personal one family one and a companion one are followed in regular sequence. 2. It was found that degree of stress made a difference according to the sex course grade school year religion parents's presence or absence SES the satisfactory degree of school life the satisfactory degree of school life the satisfactory degree of home life and the rearing attitude of parents. 3. As the coping score of teenager's stress was M=2.54. The short-term coping method was higher compared with the long-term one regarding coping methods. 4. It was found that the coping method of stress differed from each other according to variables of sex school year the satisfactory degree of school life and the satisfactory degree of home life. 5. It was found that the perceived level of stress had negative correlation with the coping method and especially long-term coping method had higher negative correlation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.255-265
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• 2022

We compared and analyzed the factors affecting the lecture evaluation of IT subjects, which are mandatory for all students of H University. The purpose of this study is to determine whether lecture satisfaction has a significant correlation with academic achievement, attendance rate, and categories of courses. In this study, we check whether the lecture satisfaction of IT liberal arts subjects that require a lot of computer-based practice differs from that of other liberal arts subjects. We used the 2,149 evaluation data of 12 lectures submitted by 2,322 students in the first and second semesters of year 2019 at University H. As for the lecture evaluation results, in addition to the evaluation scores of the multiple choice questions, the subjective questions were also quantified by classifying the statements submitted by the students into positive and negative types to make the results of the lecture evaluation objective. Our research results show that student group who have the higher attendance rates and academic achievements have higher level of lecture satisfaction and they also use more positive words than negative words in subjective evaluation questions. Students with the lower score use the more negative words, but the ratio between positive and negative words does not differ between groups. Higher attendance rates groups in the basic programming courses and software applications courses have higher lecture satisfaction ratio. But in the intermediate programming courses, the higher attendances rate and the lecture satisfaction do not have any significant relationship. Also students in the intermediate programming courses use more negative words than those in the basic programming courses.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.138-143
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• 2007

Purpose: $S100{\beta}$, a marker of traumatic brain injury (TBI), has been increasingly focused upon during recent years. $S100{\beta}$, is easily measured not only in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but also in serum. After TBI, serum S 10019, has been found to be increased at an early stage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical correlations between serum $S100{\beta}$, and neurologic outcome, and severity in traumatic brain injury. Methods: From August 2006 to October 2006, we made a protocol and studied prospectively 42 patients who visited the emergency room with TBI. Venous blood samples for $S100{\beta}$, protein were taken within six hours after TBI and vital signs, as well as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), were recorded. The final diagnosis and the severity were evaluated using the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), and the prognosis of the patients was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). Results: Thirty-eight patients showed a favorable prognosis (discharge, recovery, transfer), and four showed an unfavorable prognosis. Serum $S100{\beta}$, was higher in patients with an unfavorable prognosis than in patients with a favorable prognosis, and a significant difference existed between the two groups ($0.74{\pm}1.50\;{\mu}g/L$ vs $7.62{\pm}6.53\;{\mu}g/L$ P=0.002). A negative correlation existed between serum $S100{\beta}$, and the Revised Traumatic Score (R2=-0.34, P=0.03), and a positive correlation existed between serum $S100{\beta}$, and the Injury Severity Score (R2=0.33, P=0.03). Furthermore, the correlation between serum $S100{\beta}$, and the initial GCS and the GCS 24 hours after admission to the ER were negative (R2=-0.62, P<0.001; R2=-0.47, P=0.005). Regarding the GOS, the mean serum concentration of $S100{\beta}$, was $7.62\;{\ss}{\partial}/L$ (SD=${\pm}6.53$) in the expired patients, $1.15\;{\mu}g/L$ in the mildly disable patient, and $0.727\;{\mu}g/L$ (SD=${\pm}0.73$) in the recovered patients. These differences are statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: In traumatic brain injury, a higher level of serum concentration of $S100{\beta}$, has a poor prognosis for neurologic outcome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.31
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• pp.165-188
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• 1997

This study aims at 1) examining the perceived importance of clothing norms 2) examining relationship between perceptions of clothing norms clothing behavior and psycho-logical variables-ego identity(uniqueness and self acceptance) and sex role identity and 3) ascertaining any significant differences in the level of the perceived importance of clothing norms among variables-sex role identity and the uniqueness in psychological variables-and which variables are influencingon perception of clothing norms. The perception of cloth in norms inventory clothing norms inventory clothin behavior inventory ego identity in-ventory and the Bem Sex Role Inventory were administered to 620 college students. Sex role identity was classified into androgynous mas-culine feminine and undifferentiated type. Subjects were asked to rate each statement on the clothing norms under two kinds of instructions: their attitudes(TATT) and their beliefs about the expectations of others toward clothing norms(TBEO). 1) The scores of 3 TBEO of the students were higher than the scores of TATT. But the scores of TBEO concerning modesty of students were lower than the scores of TATT. Discrepancy scores of TATT and TBEO of the students were revealed significances differently according to clothing norms. males lower and higher class students had more free attitudes to the norms concerning genaral clothing attitudes. Females and higher class students had less free attitudes to the clothing norms concerning modesty. Females and lower and higher class students had more free attitudes to the norms concening sex-role related clothing attitudes but male students had less free to the sex-role related clothing norms. 2) Significant negative correlations between each variable of clothing norms and conform-ity-individuality were found. But negative correlations between those variables of the males and lower class students were higher than the correlations of the female and higher class students and the former had more posi-tive relationships with clothing norms and con-formity as compared with the latter. And sig-nificant positive correlations between each variable of clothing norms and modesty were found. But positive correlations between those variables of the males females and higher class students were higher than the correlations of the lower class students and the latter had less positive relationship with clothing norms and modesty as compared with the former. 3) Significant negative correlations between clothing norms and uniqueness were found in the subjects groups. The females and lower class students had more negative relationships with clothing norms and uniqueness as compared with the male and higher class students. Significant positive correlations be-tween uniqueness and conformity-individuality were found in all subjects groups, Therefore the higher uniqueness the student have the less they perceive theimportance of clothing norms and the more they have individuality. Significant positive correlations between sex-role related(higher class) general(female) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. but significant negative correlations be-tween campus style(higher class) general(female) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. But significant negative correlations be-tween campus style(males lower class, higher class) clothing norms and self acceptance were found. Clothing norms therfore related posi-tively or negatively with self acceptance ac-cording to the subjects groups. And significant negative correlations between conformity in-dividuality and self acceptance was found in higher class students. 4) The female masculine groups and the masculine groups of lower class revealed high scores than the scores of andrgynous group and undifferentiated group in clothing norms concerning modesty. And the feminine group revealed high scores in conformity-individu-ality than the scores of the masculine group. Male masculine and feminine group revealed high scores in clothing norms concerning cam-pus style than the scores of the androgynous group. The masculine group and feminine group of the lower classes revealed high scores in general clothing norms than the scores of the androgynous group. 5) The most influencing variables on the clothing norms were sex conformity-individu-altiy and masculine-feminine variables in the right order. The general clothing norms and clothing norms concerning modesty were influened by the sex role identity but the sex role related clothing norms and clothing norms concerning campus style were influenced by the ego identity. 6) Based on the sum scores of the uniqueness each group of the subjects was separately segmened into "high medium and low" groups. By the analysis of variances sig-nificant differences in discrepancy scores of TBEO and TATT among 3 uniqueness level groups were found on all clothing norms variables in all students three clothing norms variables in male and female students and one clothing norms variable in lower and higher students and in each clothing norms variable the mean discrepancy scores of the high uniqueness group were higher than those of the other groups. The findings indicated that the differences in the discrepancy score mainly contributed to the results of correla-tions described above.bed above.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of positive and negative emotion on the quality of life(QoL) in each Sasang contitution, using Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule(PANAS) and Short Form-12 Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-12) questionnaire. Methods A total of 1,123 participants completed the Korean version of the PANAS and SF-12 questionnaire. The participants were classified into one Sasang constitution by QSCC II. The effects of emotion on the QoL were compared between the each Sasang contitution using analysis of variance(ANOVA). Results We found significant differences between constitutions in Positive Affect(PA), PA-Joy, PA-Interest and PA-Activation of PANAS. And we found significant differences between constitutions in Mental Component Summary(MCS) of SF-12. Negative correlation of less -0.4 was shown in Negative Affect(NA), NA-Afraid, NA-Upset of PANAS and MCS of SF-12. Conclusions The Soyangin has significantly higher score than Soeumin in PA, PA-Joy, PA-Interest and PA-Activation of PANAS as previous studies. This study also shows the correlation between negative emotion and decline in the quality of mental status.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.167-176
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• 2015

This study compares salt-related dietary patterns according to sodium intake. A survey was conducted with 257 college students(130 male and 127 female students) in the Busan area. Dish Frequency Questionnaire 70(DFQ 70) was used to quantitatively estimate sodium intake. A short dish frequency questionnaire(DFQ 15) was used to screen subjects with high or low- salt intake. The sodium intake of male students based on DFQ 70 was significantly higher than that of female students(p<0.05). Sodium intake has significant negative effects on systolic and diastolic blood pressure(p<0.05). In the high-salt intake(HS) group, classified by DFQ 15, the number of male students was significantly higher than that of female students(p<0.01). The systolic blood pressure of the HS group was significantly higher than that of the low-salt intake(LS) group(p<0.05). Salt-related dietary behavior score and eating habit score for the HS group were significantly higher than those for the LS group(p<0.01). The sodium intake of the HS group based on DFQ 70 was significantly higher than that of the LS group(p<0.01). In these results, college students in Busan area showed high blood pressure and high sodium intake compared to Korean DRIs. The results indicate a need for various education programs to help college students practice a low-sodium diet.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.345-351
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• 2011

This study was to examine the positive and negative affect related to psychological characteristics of each Sasang types using Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) with 78 students from School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University. After determining the Sasang types by QSCC II, the psychological characteristics of each Sasang types were analysed by PANAS. We did ANOVA analysis with eight related scales and found significant differences between the Tae-Eum type ($18.71{\pm}8.75$, $6.47{\pm}3.36$, $6.31{\pm}2.47$, $3.18{\pm}2.77$, $10.94{\pm}10.08$) and the So-Eum type ($13.38{\pm}6.03$, $4.55{\pm}2.23$, $4.19{\pm}2.16$, $5.81{\pm}4.20$, $1.83{\pm}9.17$, respectively) in Positive Affect (PA) (F=3.931, p=0.024), PA-Joy (F=3.991, p=0.023), PA-Interest (F=5.025, p=0.009), NA-Afraid (F=3.118, p=0.050), and Difference between Positive and Negative Affect (DPN) (F=6.355, p=0.003) scores. The post-hoc analysis showed that the Tae-Eum type ($18.71{\pm}8.75$, $6.47{\pm}3.36$, $6.31{\pm}2.47$, $10.94{\pm}10.08$) has significantly higher score than So-Eum type ($13.38{\pm}6.03$, $4.55{\pm}2.23$, $4.19{\pm}2.16$, $1.83{\pm}9.17$, respectively) in PA (p=0.018), PA-Joy (p=0.021), PA-Interest (p=0.017), and DPN (p=0.002) scores. The So-Eum type ($5.81{\pm}4.20$) showed significantly (p=0.047) higher score than the Tae-Eum type ($3.18{\pm}2.77$) in NA-Afraid. Results demonstrated distinct affect profile differences between Tae-Eum and So-Eum Sasang types using PANAS. This study may serve as the foundation in identifying psychological traits of Sasang types, especially regarding the aspect of affect.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 1978

This survey was conducted on a total 672 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were registered at certain health center in Busan, during the period from July 15th to August 31st, 1977, based on Modified Cornell Medical Index(CMI) consisting of 70 questions. Number of 'Yes' response of an individual patients was collected by each large section of Modified CMI. The each number of 'Yes' response was standardized by mean of Z scoring. Z score was obtained by following formula. Z=50+10(Xi-m)/s M : means of 'Yes' response by each section for all subjects s : standard deviation of the mean Xi : number of 'Yes' response by each section in an individual patients The results of obtained were as follows: 1. The number of investigated cases were 672 (459 males and 213 females). The most prevalent group was 20-24 years old group as 18.4% by age, moderate advanced group as 50.8% by radiological diagnosis, INH+PAS+SM group as 34.7% by antituberculotics and unemployed group as 59.9% by occupation. By bacteriological examination of sputum, the rate of negative group was 60.5% and positive group was 39.5%. 2. Z score of complaints by sex was higher in female as 52.4 than in male as 48.9 in general. By radiological diagnosis, there was decreasing tendency with age in male but increasing tendency with age in female. 3. By age group, Z score of complaints was increasing tendency with age in male but there was non-significant differences in female. 4. By bacteriological examination of sputum, the Z score of complaints was increasing tendency with the more discharged bacteria in both sex generally. 5. By antituberculotics, INH group was revealed the highest Z score of complaints as 50.4 in male and INH+PAS group was the highest as 51.21 in female. 6. By occupation, agricultural and fisherman group was the highest as 53.5 and the next group was professional, technical and related workers, unemployed and sales workers in that order.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.68-78
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between Yin-deficiency questionnaire score and various biofunctional signals in women. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on charts of 195 patients who visited Gangdong Kyung Hee Hospital between April 1st and September 30th, 2011. The subjects were categorized into two groups, a low Yin-deficiency group (n=118) and a high Yin-deficiency group (n=77). The authors analyzed the correlation between Yin-deficiency questionnaire score and biofunctional signals by Pearson's correlation coefficient test and the difference in biofunctional signals between the two groups by independent samples t-test using SPSS for windows. Results: 1. Negative correlations were observed between the temperature difference of back-humerus, standard deviation of all R-R intervals (SDNN), total power (TP), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) on heart rate variability parameters, and Yin-deficiency questionnaire score. A positive correlation was observed between the temperature difference of knee-humerus and Yin-deficiency questionnaire score. 2. The temperature difference of back-humerus in the high Yin-deficiency group was significantly higher than that in the low Yin-deficiency group. The temperature difference of knee-humerus, height, waist-hip ratio, SDNN, TP, LF, and HF of the high Yin-deficiency group were significantly lower than those of the low Yin-deficiency group. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the comprehensive diagnosis of Yin-deficiency and biofunctional signals is useful.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.202-208
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the differences on physicochemical properties and cookie potentialities of Korean wheat cultivars. The protein contents of the wheat cultivars ranged from 8.80$\pm$0.76% to 11.19$\pm$0.25%. Korean wheat cultivars had sedimentation values of 19.82 mL to 35.54 mL. Their peak viscosity range measured by Amylograph was from 60 BU to 640 BU. Diameter of cookies for soft wheat was 8.28 cm and Korean wheat cultivars ranged from 7.63 cm to 8.55 cm. Olgeunmil resulted in a higher cookie diameter and top grain score than the soft wheat. Protein content had significantly negative correlations with the coefficient of cookie diameter(r=-0.838$^*$) and with the top grain score(r=-0.751$^*$). There was a significant correlation between protein content and sedimentation value(r=0.762$^*$).