• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2017

This study seeks to identify factors influencing the gender equality consciousness of university students and provide data to increase gender equality consciousness for university students based on the results. The subjects of university students in D and G city at the time, data collection was from April 1, 2016 to April 14, 189 questionnaires were used in the final analysis. The collected data using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program percentages, means and standard deviations, t-test, ANOVA, post verification was analyzed by scheffe's test, correlation between variables affect the Pearson's correlation coefficient, gender equality consciousness used a multiple regression analysis. In results of the study, gender equality consciousness appeared as $3.23{\pm}0.48$ points. Gender equality consciousness were a negative correlation with gender role stereotypes(r=-.711, p<.001) and a positive correlation with self-esteem correlation(r=.186, p=.011) and showed a negative correlation with control (r=-383, p<.001). Factors affecting gender equality in research subjects appeared to be gender role stereotypes and control, explanatory power was found to be 50.1%. Through this research requires the fellow study to determine the various factors affecting the gender equality consciousness of university students, it is necessary to improve the gender equality consciousness.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2006

The present study purposed to examine how the knowledge, consciousness and attitude affect life resources use of the subjects, first-year middle school students and their mothers, and ultimately, to provide basic materials for maximizing the effect of the education consciousness and attitude on environment-friendly life resource management in everyday living. The followings are the results of the analysis of the collected data. First, in the aspects of analysis of valiance in the general home environment factors of this research, there were some significance according to fathers and mothers' educational level, fathers' job, the type of a house about students and mothers' life resources use. Second, knowledge about middle school students' life resources use had negative correlations with attitude. But consciousness had positive correlations with attitude. Knowledge about their mothers' life resources use had negative correlations with attitude, but consciousness had positive correlations with attitude. The results of mothers were similar to those of middle school students. Mothers' consciousness and attitude had positive correlations with middle school students' consciousness and attitude.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined dental hygiene students' frequency of participation in community volunteer activities, job consciousness, depression, and self-esteem, and then identified the correlation among them. We also analyzed the moderating effect of depression and self-esteem on the correlation between participation in community volunteer activities and job consciousness. Methods: We surveyed 312 dental hygiene students attending four universities in South Chungcheong Province, Korea, from May 2 to June 15, 2016, through direct visits. They were given structured questionnaires containing four items on community volunteer activities, three on job consciousness, ten on self-esteem, and 13 on depression. To examine the moderating effect of depression and self-esteem, we performed analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling analysis (based on the path analysis model and by inserting interaction terms) using SPSS and AMOS. Results: We observed a negative correlation between self-esteem and depression (r=-0.062) but a positive correlation between self-esteem and job consciousness (r=0.125). Depression and job consciousness had a negative correlation (r=-0.176). Depression had a statistically significant impact on job consciousness (r=-0.519, p<0.01). The interaction term between depression and frequency of community volunteer activities also had a statistically significant influence on job consciousness (r=0.090, p<0.05). These findings indicate that depression moderates the correlation between frequency of community volunteer activities and job consciousness at a statistically significant level. Conclusions: More frequent participation in volunteer activities enhances dental hygiene students' self-esteem, reduces depression, and raises job consciousness. The positive impact of volunteering on self-esteem, depression, and job consciousness warrants encouraging students' participation in community volunteer activities, creating supportive structures, and developing various volunteer programs relevant to the students' area of study.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.18 no.1 s.26
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• pp.120-133
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• 2005

This study investigated the changes of consciousness and ambivalent attitudes about the important environmental issues among the teachers who enrolled the environmental education training. Experimental and control groups were composed with 47 and 30 person, respectively. Environmental issues were constructions of sea-wall, nuclear power plant and dam. Cronbach alpha of the self-developed questionnaire was $0.6909{\sim}0.8992$. Score were made with 5 Likert scales for consciousness, and with semantic differential half scale for ambivalent attitudes. Almost teachers(94.0% and 97.1%) have above 10 years teaching career. Strangers in environmental program were 53.2%. After environmental training, teachers' consciousness was significantly changed to negative about the construction of sea-wall for the farm field and industry complex area(p=0.019), and about the construction of dam for disaster like flood(p=0.026), and for adverse effects of citizen by fog(p=0.042). They were also significantly changed to negative about the construction of nuclear power plant for economical energy(p=0.004)', no-emission of greenhouse gases(p=0.033)', 'alternative energy(p=0.000)', 'destruction of ecology(p=0.052)' and 'social fear(p=0.009)'. The consciousness of teachers who have the experience of environmental training, were significantly changed to negative about the construction of nuclear power plant. Scores of teachers' ambivalent attitudes were made lower in experimental than control group about the construction of sea-wall and nuclear power plant. After education training, they were made lower so much as -10.0% in control, but higher much as +4.4% in experimental, and severely higher much as 86.5% in teachers who had experienced the environmental training about construction of sea-wall. Their scores were made lower so much as -3.3% in control, but much as -6.4% in control.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.339-363
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• 2014

This essay reconsiders the subject of Romantic self-consciousness in a post-de Manian perspective. Self-consciousness is an attribute of Romantic lyricism whereby the poetic speaker I remains conscious of how (s)he feels or lives here and now. This self-reflective feature of Romantic poetry has been controversially interpreted either as self-centered solipsism or as self-expressive objectivism. The question is stirring more disputes among Romantic critics after the advent of New Historicism and Feminism. These two historicistic approaches reprove Romantic poetry for a lack of the sense of history and ascribes it to Romantic self-consciousness. They argue that Romantic poets in general displace historical materiality into an object of internal consciousness, so negating absurd social realities "merely to gain their own immortal soul." This essay targets to overcome this negative stance on Romantic self-consciousness with a "subversive" return to Paul de Man's criticism of Romantic internality.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.85-97
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• 2018

For a further understanding of the Chinese consumer, this study investigated 1) the effects of aesthetic consciousness on make-up attitude, and 2) the differences in the effect of aesthetics consciousness on make-up attitude among age groups. An online survey was conducted on female consumers belonging to the post-80s and 90s generations, living in Xian China. SPSS 24.0 and Amos 18.0 was used for data analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis for the research variables were performed and three factors of aesthetic consciousness (social relations consideration, internal consideration, and external consideration), and four factors of make-up attitude (psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, consciousness of others, and tool of transformation) were identified. The results from the model test were : 1) aesthetics consciousness was found to vary depending on make-up attitude. Social relations consideration had a positive effects on psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, and tool of transformation. Internal consideration had a positive effect on self-satisfaction and tool of transformation, and a negative effect on psychological pleasure. External consideration had positive effects on all four factors of make-up attitude. 2) In the post-80s participants, social relations consideration and external consideration had positive effects on all four factors of make-up attitude. Internal consideration s had a negative effect on consciousness of others and a positive effect on tool of transformation. In the post-90s participants, social relations consideration had positive effects on psychological pleasure, self-satisfaction, and tool of transformation. Internal consideration had positive effects on psychological pleasure and self-satisfaction.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.122-132
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• 2004

The present study is to investigate the middle school students' worldview and consciousness about the environment. To conduct this study, 605 students from the two middle schools of Daegu metropolitan area, seventh grade, were measured using a modified version of New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) instrument and qustionnaire of environmental consciousness. The results are as follows: First, a majority of middle school students held an ecological environmental worldview. They also had a similar environmental worldview to education experience on environment-related to subjects. The strongest area of agreement with the NEP were in the "Negative results of growth and technology." The weakest area of agreement with the NEP were in the "Quality of life" dimension with only 44.9 percent agreement across that dimension's four statements. Second, the middle school students are sensible of consciousness in environmental problems. They pointed out that air pollution and noise are the most as sever problems in country and local area, respectively. Finally, the subjects who showed the higher environmental worldview had a higher environmental consciousness and better attitudes related to environmental problems.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to look at the relationship among sexual consciousness, reproductive health knowledge and sexual experience. Method: the subjects were 276 high school students in 4 high schools in Gyonggi Province and Chungnam Province. The data was collected from August 1 to September 10, 2003. Result: The average age of the subjects is 16.5 years old, composed of male students, 154 persons(55.8%), and female students, 122 persons(44.2%). The mean scores of sexual consciousness, reproductive health knowledge and the mean level of sexual experience are 28.9, 10.5, and 1.7 respectively. There is a significant difference in sexual consciousness and sexual experience by sex (t=-3.22, p<.001; t=8.17, p<.001), the male students have more sexual experience than the female students, while the girls have a higher sexual consciousness than boys. Sexual consciousness has a negative relationship with reproductive health knowledge and sexual experiences(r=-0.13, p=0.04;r=-0.17, p=0.01). Sexual experience has a positive relationship to reproductive health knowledge(r=0.21, p<.001). Conclusion: We can conclude that sexual consciousness and reproductive health knowledge are weakly related to sexual experience. In addition we suggest developing an educational program to enhance sexual consciousness for high school students considering sexual differences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.714-726
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of retail therapy (RT) values and the role of body consciousness on therapeutic shopping motivations and outcomes. In order to accomplish our research aim, we investigated therapeutic shopping values (i.e., positive mood reinforcement and negative mood reduction) and the moderating effects of body surveillance, body shame, and weight preoccupation. A total of 247 female college students in the United States participated in an online Qualtrics survey, and structural equation modeling (SEM) and multigroup analysis were performed to analyze the data. The findings reveal that therapeutic shopping values (positive mood reinforcement and negative mood reduction) significantly influence therapeutic shopping motivation. Therapeutic shopping motivation, in turn, positively influences therapeutic shopping outcomes. Moreover, weight preoccupation moderates the relationship between negative mood reduction and therapeutic shopping motivation, suggesting that RT should especially be utilized for weight-conscious individuals. The results can be utilized for retailers to develop marketing strategies for consumers who are conscious about their appearance. Academic and managerial implications, along with future research, are suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.43 no.9 s.211
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• pp.71-84
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was firstly to identify how the characteristics of children(grades, birth order, self-consciousness), parents(age, educational level, employment status of mother, mother's parenting behavior), and context (private tutoring status, tying area) relate to children's stress and secondly to examine the relative effects of these variables on children's stress. The subjects of this study were 940(453 boys, 440 girls) children from grades 4 to 6 who were selected from three elementary schools in Seoul and Buchun. Data were analyzed with t-test, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: (1) Girls get stressed easier than boys in terms of being treated distantly by their friends. (2) The study showed a negative relationship between children's stress and their self-consciousness such as general self-consciousness, teaming self-consciousness and total self-consciousness. (3) While the results showed a negative relationship between children's stress and mothers' acceptable behavior, the study revealed a positive relationship between children's stress and the mother's over protective behavior which in turn raised the children's stress level. (4) In 'total stress', it was recognized that boys were affected mostly tv grades in the children's variables category, while girls were affected by their general self-consciouness. In addition, both girls and boys were affected mostly by acceptable-refusal parental behavior in the parental variables category, and further affected by the living area in the category of conditional variables.