• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2003

Objectives : We were studied the retaining needle to offer basic materials for the study of it. methods: To study the retaining needle, we were reviewed the ancient, the present text and the thesis. Results: 1. There are many ways form general acupuncture technique to needle-embedding therapy by the spending time of the retaining needle. 2. The method retaining needle is divided into Active method of the retaining needle(動留針法) and Passive methoid of the retaining needle(靜留針法) by the existence of Qi-promoting. 3. In case of Deficiency Syndrome, protracted discase, dolorific disorder, convulsive disorder, and Cold Syndrome, the spending time of the retaining needle takes longer, in case of Heat Syndrome and exterior Syndrome, the spending time of the retaining needle takes shorter. 4. In case of acute disease and attack of chronic disease, we can use Active methoid of the retaining needle(動留鍼法) with retaining needle for a long time, in case of chronic disease, we can use Passive methoid of the retaining needle(靜留針法). 5. In case of Young people, a man in the prime of life, and a people who can stand the stimulation of needle, we can make the spending time of the retaining needle be longer and use Active methoid of the retaining needle(動留針法), but in case of a baby and a weak people, we had better shorten the spending time of the retaining needle or not do it. 6. The spending time of the retaining needle must be shorter in spring and summer, must be longer in fall and winter. 7. The spending time of the retaining needle is various by acupuncture point. 8. When the spending time of the retaining needle is too longer, we can injure Vital-qi of a patient, otherwise in opposite situation, Pathogenic is stagnated so pathogenic stage is repeated.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.65-76
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• 2011

Objectives : Study about needle retaining time. Methods : We reviewed the ancient and the present text of China with using the China academic journal(CAJ) of China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI) Results & Conclusions : 1. Needle retaining time is important in acupuncture, because the therapy effect is influenced by it. 2. The time of needle retaining is up to those conditions like different disease, viscera and bowels(臟腑), meridian and collateral(經絡), obtaining Qi(得氣), seasons, constitution of the patients and acupuncture tools. In ${\ll}$Hwangdineijing(黃帝內經) ${\gg}$, needle retaining time is called by 'Zhiruzhichu(直入直出)', 'Jichu(疾出)', 'Liu(留)', 'Buliu(不留)', 'Jiuliu(久留)' and 'Liu ${\bigcirc}$ hu(留${\bigcirc}$呼)', and the time was shorter than nowadays. 3. The respiration number was counted to check needle retaining time but we can't find out any evidence. Recently in China, 'obtaining Qi(得氣)' and 'Qi arrival(氣至)' is used to check it. 4. Looking into clinical researches, different diseases need different needle retaining time. For example, 20~30min is appropriate time for musculoskeletal system. 60min is for circulatory system, 10~20min is for peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Insomnia and some stubborn diseases need longer time. Cold and heat(寒熱), deficiency and excess(虛實) are always influences the needle retaining as well. 5. It is important to figure out the most effective needle retaining time for different disease with the base of connection between needle retaining time and effect.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.241-250
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• 2008

Depressive Disorders are widespread and increasing recently. Somatic-symptom Group in Major Depressive Disorders are treated with current medical treatment but the results are not satisfactory. We tried to apply more effective and satisfactory oriental medical treatment. We treated 2 depression patients accompanying somatic-symptom treated with herbal medication and Meditation of the retaining needle. The Meditation of the retaining needle(鐵膜想), which combines Meditation and Acupuncture is a kind of medical meditation originating from Oriental Medicine. After our treatments, various somatic-symptoms were improved and Beck's depression Inventory(BDI) decreased from 28 and 27 to 14 and 12. This result suggests that meditation of the retaining needle(鐵膜想) is effective on somatic symptom and able to be developed as a useful way of oriental medical psychological care.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.319-329
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was finding the pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture based on rataining time at LI -4. The pain at dentes incisor was evoked by noxious electric stimulation and digastric electromyogram(dEMG) changes based on time interval were measured. To do this, the opioid antagonist was administered intraperitoneally and four groups were made for convenience. Without naloxone, dEMG was changed by either retaining the needle for 40 minutes (Group I) or by lifting and thrusting the needle (Group II). With naloxone administration, dEMG was changed by either retaining the needle for 40 minutes (Group III) or by lifting and thrusting the needle (Group IV). The results are as following 1. The pain inhibitory effect of acupuncture at LI -4 was expressed best in Group I. 2. The pain inhibitory effect was somewhat expressed in Group II but the effect was smaller than Group I. 3 .In Groups III and IV, the pain inhibitory effect was not expressed. The overall result should be the foundation for the further studies to figure out the underlying mechanism of acupuncture. In addition, it is assumed that the results will be useful for optimal retaining time of acupucture for its maximal effect.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.201-204
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• 2001

Objective : This study was to report a clinical trial in which acupuncture treatmnt on 會陰(Huiyin, CV1) was effectively applied to a patient who had suffered from teasing pruritus ani for 38 years. pruritus ani was thought to be initiated by dystonia. Methods : The acupoint, 會陰(Huiyin, CV1) was selected, because needling on perineal muscles was mainly used to alleviate pelvic pain or pruritus ani in the light of MPS(Myofascial Pain Syndrome) theory, on which 會陰(Huiyin, CV1) was located and also had pelvic pain and pruritus ani in its indications. On the acupoint, the following maneuver was used. (1) Make a patient stand and bend forward (2) Insert a needle on 會陰(Huiyin, CV1) (3) Repeat lifting and pushing (4) Draw a needle immediately without retaining needle on the acupoint Results : The patient with Pruritus ani recovered after above treatment two times and had no recurrence up to Feb. 2001. Conclusion : In this study, Needling on 會陰(Huiyin, CV1) proved to be effective in the aspect of MPS and acupuncture treatment as well, but more clinical trials are expected to follow this study.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2009

Trauma to any nerve may lead to persistent paresthesia. Trauma to the nerve sheath can be produced by the needle. The patient frequently reports the sensation of an electric shock throughout the distribution of the nerve involved. It is difficult for the type of needle used in dental practice to actually sever a nerve trunk or even its fibers. Trauma to the nerve produced by contact with the needle is all that is needed to produce paresthesia. Hemorrhage into or around the neural sheath is another cause. Bleeding increases pressure on the nerve, leading to paresthesia. Injection of local anesthetic solutions contaminated by alcohol or sterilizing solution near a nerve produces irritation; the resulting edema increases pressure in the region of the nerve, leading to paresthesia. Persistent paresthesia can lead to injury to adjacent tissues. Biting or thermal or chemical insult can occur without a patient's awareness, until the process has progressed to a serious degree. Most paresthesias resolve in approximately 8 weeks without treatment. In most situations paresthesia is only minimal, with the patient retaining most sensory function to the affected area. In these cases there is only a very slight possibility of self injury. But, the patient complaints the discomfort symptoms of paresthesia, such as causalgia, neuralgiaform pain and anesthesia dolorosa. Most paresthesias involve the lingual nerve, with the inferior alveolar nerve a close second. This is the report of a case, that had the persistent paresthesia care on left lingual & buccal shelf regions after the lingual and long buccal nerve block anesthesia.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.113-140
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• 1983

This is a study on a landscape planning along the street 1~4, which are gateways to Taegu city and an important scenery. Therefore, emphasis was given to provide a bright, clean and beautiful first impression to visitors and citizens. The area is being developed for education and athletic park. Plans to construct a fountain, pergolas and a pond were set up to complement the active and passive facilities to the existing a athletic facilities in the area. Since D part in the area have alkali soil (pH 8.1), soil amendment is necessary for successful growth of trees and ground covers. When the area is filled or added with new soil for soil amendment, it will be important to use fresh soil which can support plant growth. It will be ideal to use ground covers and shrubs on the existing retaining walls along the street for keeping natural vegetation and slope stability instead of further cutting and reconstruction. It is not reasonable in technical and economic sense to remove rocks of the slope for planting trees. In order to harmonize plant color distribute, tall needle and broad leaf trees in the background as a screen, flowering trees were arranged in groups at front, and annuals were mass-planted along the footway. Natural-form-trees will be planted because they not only serve as a greenbelt but also are more economics in maintenance than formative trees.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 1998

Knit products which had been limited only to underwear, recently became popularized, fashionized and highly classified covering even outer garments such as sportswear like golfwear, woman's dress, and man' s suit. As fashion cycle is getting shorter and the more a nation advanced prefers knit to woven fabrics knit industry has a very bright prospect, particularly woman's knit which is sensitive to fashion can be said as a fashion product with high value added. This study is to grasp the physical properties of stitch which are fundamental to the development of knit products. For this purpose, 2/20s of 100% wool were woven by the author of this study to basic plain stitch, rib stitch, varied transfer stitch, and float stitch on a SEMASEIKI cross knitter 7G to test the physical properties, and the result was as follows; 1. As for the relation between knit stitch and rate of extension recovery, rate of extension recovery was higher in the course direction than in the wale direction of three stitches except transfer stitch; rib stitch showed the highest rate of extension recovery in the course direction while float stitch showed the highest rate of extension recovery in the wale direction. 2. As for the relation between knit stitch and bursting strength elastic rib stitch showed higher bursting strength to indicate elasticity is an important factor of bursting strength and float stitch showed higher bursting strength too to indicate that the floating yarn on the surface plays a role of support. 3. As for the relation between knit stitch and air permeability perforated transfer stitch showed the lowest air permeability to prove that the size of perforation affects on the air permeability a great deal. 4. As for the relation between knit stitch and warmth retaining rib stitch through two lined needle bar showed the highest degree. The reason the warmth of perforated transfer stitch didn't decrease much was because the perforation wasn't big enough and content of air increased from the unevenness of the perforated parts through stitch variation. Based upon this result, each stitch can be characteristically summarized as follows; plain stitch showed a stable condition of knit cloth in four kinds of physical property test. And rib stitch is proper to tighten the edge of sleeve or clothe making use of its excellent extension recovery and to make socks for the highest bursting strength and warmth retaining. In the case of transfer stitch, seasonable designs can be taken by controlling the size of loop. Considering the pleasantness, underwear should be made of stitches with good air permeability float stitch was revealed to have color and pattern effects and a great bursting strength. This study has limitations in the aspect that it dealed with a small part of various knit stitches and the items of physical property test were not enough. The author of this study hopes that further studies would make deeper understandings about knit stitch based on more varied stitches and physical property tests ultimately to contribute to the development of fashionable designs proper to maximize the usage, function and originality.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.193-214
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• 2004

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxibustion with ginger objectively, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with ginger. Methods : We have selected the indirect moxibustion with ginger among many indirect moxibustions. We produced a slice of ginger to a thickness of 3, 4, 5mm and the moxa cone having a diameter of 8mm, a height of 10mm for making a comparative study of characteristics of moxa cone according to change the density. We have made a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxibustion with ginger with or without holes. We measured combustion times and calculated temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa. Results : 1. We found out it was not significantly influenced by the existence of the punched holes in a slice of ginger because the punched holes grow smaller immediately. 2. The duration of the preheating period became longer according to thickness of a slice of ginger and was not directly proportional to the density of moxa cone. The duration of the preheating period was extremely short when it burned a 100mg moxa cone. That was influenced by the density of moxa cone. 3. The duration of the heating period became longer according to thickness of a slice of ginger likewise the preheating period bacause the density of moxa cone had effected on the combustion characteristics. The duration of the heating period was extremely long when it burned a 100mg moxa cone. On the other hand the maximum temperature in the heating period was appeared that the combustion with a thin slice of ginger was highest and measured that the large density of moxa cone was higher. But the maximum temperature in the heating period was about $37.8^{\circ}C{\sim}44.2^{\circ}C$respectively lower in others. 4. The duration of the retaining period was some doubling shorter than that of the heating period that is concerned the shape of moxa cone. The temperature measured the close of a retaining period was $36.6^{\circ}C{\sim}41.8^{\circ}C$, that was considerably lower temperature. 5. The mean ascending temperature velocity and the mean descending temperature velocity were $0.042{\sim}0.073^{\circ}C/sec$, $-0.027{\sim}-0.064^{\circ}C/sec$ respectively. Then, the ascending temperature velocity was some faster than the ascending temperature velocity. Conclusions : The quantitative standard for obtaining the effective heating stimulation is that if the slice of ginger made a hole in it, we had to use the needle above 1.5mm diameter. The recommended size of a slice ginger is the 14mm diameter and the 2~3mm thickness. The moxa cone is formed the conical shape that the base diameter was 8mm, the height was 10mm, the density was $600mg/cm^2$.