• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate status of electroacupuncture(EA) stimulation and adverse effects as a basic information of EA clinical treatment. Methods : The survey was carried twice by e-mail and online service against the traditional Korean medicine doctors registered in the Association of Korea Oriental Medicine. Results : Seventy-eight percent of 284 responders used the EA. The EA was the most widely used for the stimulation of the meridian-muscle on musculo-skeletal pain. In terms of methodological procedure, doctors mainly apply acupuncture with the needle of 2 or 3 pairs of 0.25mm diameter to the depth of 10-50mm for 15 minutes. Respondents used mainly at the frequency of 10Hz and the automatic setting at the intensity of around 3-4 grade. The adverse effects were investigated less then 3% in the 45.9% respondents and non in the 40.5%. The most priority content for better EA treatment was "development of the effective stimulation program". Conclusion : In the result of survey, the frequency of practical use of EA was very high but the applied disease was concentrated in the pain. Hereafter, if the clinical study for safety and effectiveness is secured and more convenient EA tool is developed, the clinical application of the EA is likely to be more expanded.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.29.1-29.9
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate xenograft degradation velocity when treated with 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR). Methods: The scapula of a cow was purchased from a local grocery, and discs (diameter 8 mm, thickness 1 mm) were prepared by trephine bur. Discs treated with 4HR were used as the experimental group. Untreated discs were used as the control. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), antibacterial test, endotoxin test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on the discs. In vivo degradation was evaluated by the rat calvarial defect model. Results: The XRD and FT-IR results demonstrated successful incorporation of 4HR into the bovine bone. The experimental disc showed antibacterial properties. The endotoxin test yielded results below the level of endotoxin contamination. In the SEM exam, the surface of the experimental group showed needle-shaped crystal and spreading of RAW264.7 cells. In the animal experiments, the amount of residual graft was significantly smaller in the experimental group compared to the control group (P = 0.003). Conclusions: In this study, 4HR was successfully incorporated into bovine bone, and 4HR-incorporated bovine bone had antibacterial properties. In vivo experiments demonstrated that 4HR-incorporated bovine bone showed more rapid degradation than untreated bovine bone.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.848-853
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• 2010

We have grown GaN nanowires by the low pressure MOCVD method on Ni deposited oxidized Si surface and have established optimum conditions by observing surface microstructure and its photoluminescence. Optimum growth temperature of $880^{\circ}C$, growth time of 30 min, TMG source flow rate of 10 sccm have resulted in dense nanowires on the surface, however further increase of growth time or TMG flow rate has not increased the length of nanowire but has formed nanocrystals. On the contrary, the increase of ammonia flow has increased the length of nanowires and the coverage of nanowire over the surface. The shape of nanowire is needle-like with a Ni droplet at its tip; the length is tens of micron with more than 40 nm in diameter. Low temperature photoluminescence obtained from the sample at optimum growth condition has revealed several peaks related to exciton decay near band-edge, but does not show any characteristic originated from one dimensional quantum confinement. Strong and broad luminescence at 2.2 eV is observed from dense nanowire samples and this suggests that the broad band is related to e-h recombination at the surface state in a nanowire. The current result is implemented to the nanowire device fabrication by nanowire bridging between micro-patterned neighboring Ni catalysis islands.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2008

목적 : 본 논문에서는 경락을 추적하기 위한 피내(皮內) 알시안 블루(Alcian blue) 염색 방법을 기술한다. 방법 : 1% 알시안 블루 용액을 31게이지 바늘이 달린 0.5mL 인슐린 주사기를 사용하여 경혈 지점에 피내 주사한 후 실체 현미경하에서 수술, 관찰하였다. 면역조직화학적 방법을 사용하여 해당 조직을 레이저 공초점주사현미경으로 관찰하였다. 결과 : 알시안 블루로 염색되고 피하로 이어지는 실 모양 구조물을 관찰하였다. 이 조직 내에서 특징적인 막대모양 핵 배열 및 $1-2{\mu}m$크기의 데옥시리보핵산 입자가 관찰되었다. 또한 경혈 조직 내에서 풍부한 모세혈관총 및 말초신경 말단, 그리고 약 $300{\mu}m$크기의 소체형 구조물을 확인하였다. 결론 : 경혈 지점의 피내에서 발견된 특징적 실 모양 구조물 및 소체형 구조물은 각각 표층 봉한관 및 소체로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1974

전남(全南) 신안군(新安郡) 흑산면(黑山面) 홍도리(紅島里)에 위치(位置)하고 있는 홍도(紅島)의 적송집단(赤松集團)을 대상(對象)으르 개체(個體)의 수형(樹型), 분지각(分枝角), 수피색(樹皮色), 추재율(秋材率) 침엽장(針葉長), 수지도(樹脂道)의 위치(位置)와 수(數) 등이 조사(調査)되었다. 홍도(紅島)에 자라는 송류(松類)는 적송(赤松)이 대부분(大部分)으로 필자(筆者)는 조사(調査)도중 단일주(單一株)의 해송치수(海松稚樹)를 발견(發見)하였을 뿐이다. 20년생(年生) 이상의 적송(赤松) 14개체(個體)의 침엽(針葉)을 검경(檢鏡)한바 어느 정도(程度)의 해송인자(海松因子)가 혼입(混入)되어 있었다. 밀엽형개체(密葉型個體)와 소엽형개체(疎葉型個體)를 볼 때 부수지도(副樹脂道)의 수(數)가 현저하게 적은 것이 특징(特徵)이며 특히 소엽형(疎葉型)의 경우 부수지도(副樹脂道)의 수(數)가 1.3 이라는 평균치(平均値)를 보였다. 현 단계로서는 과거부터 홍도(紅島)에 해송(海松)이 있었던 것으로 보기 어렵고 해안일대(海岸一帶)에 분포(分布)하는 해송(海松)으로부터 화분(花粉) 비산공여(飛散供與)되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the surface properties and in vitro biocompatibility of electrochemically oxidized Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy by anodic spark discharge technique. Discs of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy of 20 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were polished sequentially from #300 to 1000 SiC paper, ultrasonically washed with acetone and distilled water for 5 min, and dried in an oven at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Anodizing was performed using a regulated DC power supply. The applied voltages were given at 240, 280, 320, and 360 V and current density of $30mA/cm^2$. Hydrothermal treatment was conducted by high pressure steam at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using a autoclave. Samples were soaked in the Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ during 30 days. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The oxide films were porous with pore size of $1{\sim}5{\mu}m$. The size of micropores increased with increasing the spark forming voltage. 2. The main crystal structure of the anodic oxide film was anatase type as analyzed with thin-film X-ray diffractometery. 3. Needle-like hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals were observed on anodic oxide films after hydrothermal treatment at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours. The precipitation of HA crystals was accelerated with increasing the spark forming voltage. 4. The precipitation of the fine asperity-like HA crystals were observed after being immersed in Hanks' solution at $37^{\circ}C$. The precipitation of HA crystals was accelerated with increasing the spark forming voltage and the time of immersion in Hanks' solution. 5. The Ca/P ratio of the precipitated HA layer was equivalent to that of HA crystal as increasing the spark forming voltage and the time of immersion in Hanks' solution.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.369-375
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• 1999

1988년부터 1999년까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 척삭종으로 진단받은 4례를 대상으로 임상병리학적 특징을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 환자의 연령은 57세에서 75세였고 평균연령은 63.5세였다. 4례 모두 천미골부에서 발생하였다. 종양의 평균 크기는 9.3cm 였다. 종양은 비교적 경계가 비교적 잘 지워지는 섬유성 격벽에 의해 나뉘어지는 분엽성, 점액성, 젤라틴 모습이었고, 조직학적으로 풍부한 점액성 기질과 거품모양의 공포를 갖는 담공포성 세포가 특정적으로 관찰되었다. 4례(100%)에서 종양세포들은 cytokeratin, EMA와 vimentin에 양성반응을 나타내었고, 1례(25.0%)는 S-100 protein에 양성 반응을 나타내었고, CEA에 대하여 모두 음성 반응이었다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.610-615
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• 2001

Over 800 thousand tons per year (TPY) agricultural biowastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, sugarcane leaf, rice straw, rice husk and corn leaf, are produced in Taiwan. These biomasses are the major types of agricultural wastes and are abundantly available. However, these biowastes cause disposal and landfill problems. Ossification ashes of the agricultural biowastes containing 70-95 % amorphous silica would make the utilization system of agricultural biowaste ashes become highly economically and environmentally attractive. Experimentally, high crystallinity (99%$^{+}$) zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-48 synthesized from the reaction mixtures containing a silica source from ashes of these biowastes gasification were investigated. Tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) and 1,6-diamino-hexane (C$_{6}$ DN) were used as structure-directing agents in syntheses of ZSM-5 and ZSM-48, respectively. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) data indicated that ZSM-5 or ZSM-48 with a high crystallinity can be obtained within 48 hours of crystallization in the high pressure (15-20 atm) autoclave at 393-473 K. The Si/Al ratios of synthetic zeolite products were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and induced couple plasma/mass spectroscopy (ICP/MS). It was observed that the ZSM-5 crystals a.e composed of hexagonal rod-shaped crystals with typically 8-13 пm in size by SEM. In addition, ZSM-48 crystalline materials are composed of spherical aggregates of needle-shaped or rod-like crystals with typically 2-3 пm in diameter and 6-8 пm in length.h.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.177-180
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• 1996

Warthin's tumor is a benign and slow growing tumor found exclusively in the parotid gland or the periparotid lymph nodes. It mostly affects males between the age of forty to seventy years and is closely related with smoking history. Between January 1981 and June 1996, 42 patients underwent surgical excision of Warthin's tumor of the parotid gland; which made up 10.6% of all parotid gland surgeries(398 cases) during the same period. Their ages ranged from 36 to 75 years with a mean age of 56 years. There were 33 male and 9 female patients with a 4.3 : 1 male to female ratio. The majority of the tumors were situated in the parotid tail whereas one was in the deep lobe. Bilateral simultaneous involvements of the parotid gland were found in 4 patients(9.5%) ; therefore total of 46 parotid glands were involved. Four(8.7%) of the 46 parotid glands had multifocal tumors ranginging from two to three lumps. Tumor sizes varied from 1.5 to 6.0cm with mean diameter of 3.lcm. Of the 42 patients, 26(61.9%) were diagnosed preoperatively or peroperatively by means of CT scans, ultrasound, 99m-Tc. scan, fine needle aspiration cytology or intraoperative frozen section biopsy. Of the 46 tumors, 30 underwent a superficial(n=29) or total(n=1) parotidectomy and for 16 cases with tumors suspected preoperatively or peroperatively of being single Warthin's tumor, only enucleation was performed. No cases of recurrence were identified during the follow up period regardless of type of operation performed, however the postoperative complication rate was much higher in the parotidectomy group(33.3%) than in the enucleation only group(12.5%). We feel that an enucleation procedure may be appropriate for the patients with single Warthin's tumor.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2017

Background: Common and effective treatments for calcific tendinitis involve needling procedures. However, it has been widespread practice to refer patients with calcific tendinitis, which is a predominantly orthopedic condition, to radiology department. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes after ultrasound-guided needling for calcific tendinitis between the orthopedics and radiology department. Methods: Seventy-seven shoulders (Group 1) and 38 shoulders (Group 2) treated in the radiology and orthopedic department, respectively. A fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist each performed the procedure of ultrasound-guided needle decompression with subacromial steroid injection. Clinical outcomes was evaluated using the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score before treatment and at each follow-up. The pre- and postneedling size and shape of the calcific deposits were compared between the two groups. Results: We analyzed a total of 56 shoulders for Group 1 and 32 shoulders for Group 2. The mean age and sex ratio of the patients no significantly different. We found that the mean decrease in the diameter of calcification between pre- and post-needling was 9.0 mm for Group 1 and 13.1 mm for Group 2; the difference was significantly larger in Group 2 than in Group 1. Both groups showed improved pVAS and ASES scores after needling but the extent of these improvements did not differ with the type of operator. Conclusions: Needling decompression performed by orthopedic surgeons could a viable option for the treatment of calcific tendinitis.