• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.130-137
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• 2000

In order to diagnose canine heartworm infection by antigen capture ELISA, the crude somatic(S), partial somatic(below 45kDa) and excretory/secretory(E/S) antigen of adult heartworm were identified and the antigenicity was examined by silver stain, immunoblot and ELISA. Then, production of monoclonal antibody to specific antigen carried out in this experiment. The bands to S antigen and E/S antigen were recognized between 10 and 200kDa and common bands were recognized strongly 14, 18, 28, 43kDa by silver stain. By western blot analysis, fractions to S antigen were recognized 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 28, 32, 43, 50, 55kDa, etc. and only a 14kDa to E/S antigen in positive sera which were positive in modified Knott's test and necropsy. In ELISA, the positive sera reacted to antigens(SA, $SA_{45}$, E/S) were significantly different from negative sera by Student's t-test(p<0.05). Four hybridoma cell lines(14, 16, 17, 32kDa) than produce specific monoclonal antibodies for these antigens were obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice with a partially purified somatic antigen (below 45kDa) preparation, by fusing spleen cells with SP2/O cell myeloma cells, and by screening cell culture supernatants for antibody. In these results, it was confirmed that partial somatic antigen(below 45kDa) or E/S antigen can be used for serologic diagnosis of heartworm infection and monoclonal antibody reacting with specific antigen(14kDa) can be used for antigen capture ELISA in prepatent period of canine heartworm infection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 1995

Four Holstein calves 7-day-old were infected with C parvum oocysts for parasitological and pathological investigations of bovine cryptosporidiosis. Of those calf 1 was orally administered with $7{\times}10^6$ oocysts of C parvum isolated from a Korean mouse (VRI-CN91), and calf 2 with same number of C parvum oocysts provided by Washington State University(WSU). The rest (calf 3 and 4) were orally administered with $1{\times}10^8$ oocysts of VRI-CN91 strain. Calf 1 commenced to discharge oocysts in feces at days 6 post inoculation(PI), and it reached a peak $1.4{\times}10^7$ oocysts per gram of feces(OPG) on day 8 PI. Calf 2 commenced to discharge oocysts in feces at day 4 PI, and it reached a peak $3.75{\times}10^6$ OPG on day 7 PI. Calf 3 and 4 commenced to discharge oocysts in feces at day 3 and day 4 PI, and it reached a peak on day 7 PI (calf 3, $7.8{\times}10^6$ OPG; calf 4, $1.7{\times}10^6$ OPG). Clinically, the calves began to show mucoid-watery diarrhea at day 3 to 5 PI, and the sign lasted 5 to 7 days. Calf 2 died on day 9 PI with a severe dehydration. On necropsy the intestine was found to be congested and hemorrhagic. Protozoan oocysts were observed mainly in the ileum and occasionally in jejunum. The results in the present study indicate that the Korean isolate was pathogenic in calves.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.105-117
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• 1993

The objective of this investigation was to characterize the subacute toxic potency of orally administered poly(sodium acrylic acid-acrylic acid), super absorbent polymer. Four groups of rats were maintained on diets containing 0, 1.25, 2.5 or 5% of poly(sodium acrylic acid-acrylic acid). The mean dosages of poly(sodium acrylic acid-acrylic acid) were estimated to be 1025 mg/kg/day, 2009 mg/kg/day and 4728 mg/kg/day in the male groups. The estimated average dosages of poly(sodium acrylic acid-acrylic acid) in the female groups were 1011 mg/kg/day, 2088 mg /kg/day and 4576 mg/kg/day, respectively. Few test compound-related toxic effects were observed in body weight gain, clinical signs, hematological parameters and serum biochemical values. Urinalyses, gross necropsy and histopathology revealed no evidence of specific toxicity. Food and water consumption tended to increase in the animals fed the diet of 2.5% and 5%. Our data indicate that no-observed effect level of poly(sodium acrylic acid-acrylic acid) was estimated to be 1.25% in the diet (mean dosage: 1025 mg/kg/day in male rats, 1011 mg/kg/day in female rats).

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the single dose oral toxicity of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract in ICR mice. Methods : 0(control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of Hwangryundaedok-tang extracts were orally administered to 20 male and 20 female ICR mice. After single oral administration of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract to ICR mice, we observed number of the death, clinical signs, changes of body weights for 14 days. After 14 day of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract administration, all mice were sacrificed and major organs were observed. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic signs in the mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, necropsy findings and hematological values in all treated groups(1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions : $LD_{50}$ value of Hwangryundaedok-tang extracts may be over 5000 mg/kg and it may have no side toxic effect to ICR mice.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.248-257
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• 2018

Overexpression of AtCYP78A7, a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 protein, has been reported to improve tolerance to drought stress in genetically modified (GM) rice (Oryza sativa L.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential allergenicity and acute oral toxicity of the AtCYP78A7 protein expressed in GM rice. Bioinformatics analysis of the amino acid sequence of AtCYP78A7 did not identify any similarities with any known allergens or toxins. It showed that no known allergen had more than a 35% amino acid sequence homology with the AtCYP78A7 protein over an 80 amino acid window or more than 8 consecutive identical amino acids. The gene encoding the AtCYP78A7 protein was cloned in the pGEX-4T-1 vector and expressed in E. coli. Then, the AtCYP78A7 protein was purified and analyzed for acute oral toxicity. The AtCYP78A7 protein was fed at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight in mice, and the changes in mortalities, clinical findings, and body weight were monitored for 14 days after the dosing. Necropsy was carried out on day 14. The protein did not cause any adverse effects when it was orally administered to mice at 2000 mg/kg body weight. These results indicate that the AtCYP78A7 protein expressed in GM rice would not be a potential allergen or toxin.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.466-468
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• 2014

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by multiple cysts within the renal parenchyma and is a common heritable disease in humans, dogs, and cats. However, a few cases of PKD have been described in captive pygmy hippopotamuses. Bilateral PKD was observed in a 33-year-old, 198-kg female pygmy hippopotamus during its necropsy in Seoul Zoo on 15 January 2013. The diagnosis of PKD was confirmed by gross findings and histopathological examination. One kidney was slightly enlarged, and the lower portion of other kidney contained a large cyst filled with light yellow, watery fluid. Both kidneys had numerous, variably sized fluid-filled cysts of 2 to 20 mm in diameter. Considerable portions of the renal cortex and medulla were replaced by cysts. Microscopic inspection showed that the cysts were lined with low cuboidal to flat epithelial cells. The present case report of PKD in a pygmy hippopotamus is the first in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.284-287
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• 2005

A 18-month-old, male Maltese dog with acute seizure was referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Kyungpook National University. Abnormal neurologic findings included a tendency to fall to the left, turn and circle to the right, negative bilateral menace responses and pupillary light reflexes, and diminished responses to facial sensation testing on both sides. Radiographic signs were normal, except for occipital dysplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed bilateral asymmetric ventriculomegaly, which is more on left side. Cerebral edema was also suspected. The dog died after 9 days from the onset of seizure, and a necropsy was performed. Histopathologically, the brain lesions in the meninges and the cerebral cortex of this dog was presented. There was severe diffuse nonsuppurative inflammation in perivascular area of the meninges and the cerebral white matter. Based on the results, this case was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Maltese dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.288-295
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• 2005

Five dogs at the age of 2-13 years, with variant respiratory signs like as dry cough, dyspnea, exercise intorelance and lameness were presented. On thoracic radiographs, all dogs had abnormalities such as soft tissue density, round mass image, increased pulmonary infiltration and pleural effusion. All dogs were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma on cytopathologic examinations by fine needle aspiration with ultrasound guidance. Computed tomography was performed in three cases to evaluate clinical stage. Primary papillary adenocarcinoma was confirmed after necropsy in one case.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2006

A 3-year-old castrated male Yorkshire terrier was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. The owner complained the history of seizure before one month. barking at night, wheezing with continuous chewing motion while breathing, recent decreases of vision and weight loss. Computed tomography revealed hypodense areas in the brain and ventriculomegaly, Multifocal lesions were noted in magnetic resonance images, which were hypointense in T1-weighted images and hyperintense in T2-weighted images. Ventriculomegaly and intracranial arachnoid cyst were also observed. Finally, it was diagnosed as necrotizing meningoencephalitis by histopathologic examination after necropsy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.165-168
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• 2012

A 14-year-old intact male Siberian Husky was presented with hematuria, lethargy, and anorexia of 1-month duration. The physical examination revealed mild abdominal distension and pain. The hematology and serum chemistry revealed anemia and severe azotemia. The radiographic examination revealed renomegaly and the ultrasonographic examination, indistinct cortico-medullary junction, increased renal cortex echogenicity, and irregular margination. The urinalysis showed proteinuria and hematuria. The differential diagnosis included renal failure, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and neoplasia. The patient's condition continued to deteriorate, and the dog eventually died. The gross findings from the necropsy revealed hemoperitoneum and a bilateral renal mass. HSA was diagnosed by histopathological examination. This case report describes primary bilateral renal hemangiosarcoma (HSA), which is uncommon in dogs.