• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.309-314
• /
• 1998

Vegetables are known to contain high amounts of natural antioxidants such as ascorbate, $\alpha$-tocopherol, $\beta$-carotene, and flavinoids. The antioxidant activities of several vegetables including broccoli, carrot , green pepper, spinach and tomato, and their blends were investigated using various iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation systems. In linoleic acid micelles, carrot and spinach significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 29.0% and 35.8% , respectively (p<0.05).Blends of two, three , or four vegetables indluding spinach increased the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation, mainly due to high level of antioxidants in spinach. In beef homogenates, tomato significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 19.9%(p<0.05), whereas spinach and broccoli significantly stimulated lipid peroxidation by 67.3% and 11.5%, respectively (p<0.05). In the presence of 100$\mu$M ferrous ions, all vegetables inhibited degradation of deoxy-ribose by 43.6~77.6%(p<0.05). In the presence of 100$\mu$M ferric ions , broccoli and spinach stimulated deoxyribose degradation by 39.8% and 55.8%, respectively. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of vegetables varied with the different model systems and depended on the provided environment such as iron content and substrates. The activity of the various combinations (blends) of vegetables was strongly related to that of the individual vegetable.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.58-67
• /
• 2006

The relationship between acoustic property and coating hardness of musical instruments was investigated using a sound level meter and a pendulum hardness tester. Urethane topcoat, oil stain, natural oil varnish, and UV-curable epoxy acrylate coatings were applied on four different substrates: Paulownia coreana, Pinus koraiensis, Castanea crenata var. dulcis and Pinus densiflora. The influence of the coating type on the acoustic properties was stronger than that of the substrate. In the case of an oil stain formed with tacky coating layer, the sound pressure level (SPL) and surface hardness decreased with increasing of coating thickness. In the other coatings, SPL decreased and hardness increased as the coating layer thickened. However, SPL began to increase again at coating thickness above $100{\mu}m$.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

Previously we showed that CHIP, a co-chaperone of Hsp70 and E3 ubiquitin ligase, can promote the degradation of mutant SOD1 linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) via a mechanism not involving SOD1 ubiquitylation. Here we present evidence that CHIP functions in the interaction of mutant SOD1 with 26S proteasomes. Bag-1, a coupling factor between molecular chaperones and the proteasomes, formed a complex with SOD1 in an hsp70-dependent manner but had no direct effect on the degradation of mutant SOD1. Instead, Bag-1 stimulated interaction between CHIP and the proteasome-associated protein VCP (p97), which do not associate normally. Over-expressed CHIP interfered with the association between mutant SOD1 and VCP. Conversely, the binding of CHIP to mutant SOD1 was inhibited by VCP, implying that the chaperone complex and proteolytic machinery are competing for the common substrates. Finally we observed that mutant SOD1 strongly associated with the 19S complex of proteasomes and CHIP over-expression specifically reduced the interaction between S6/S6' ATPase subunits and mutant SOD1. These results suggest that CHIP, together with ubiquitin-binding proteins such as Bag-1 and VCP, promotes the degradation of mutant SOD1 by facilitating its translocation from ATPase subunits of 19S complex to the 20S core particle.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.349-357
• /
• 1979

A non-Boltzman equilibrium population of $Cl(^2P_{1/2})$ atoms has been observed in a flow discharge-atomic absorpion experiment. The rates of reactions of $Cl(^2P_{3/2})$ atoms with various substrates are in reasonable agreement with reported values determined by competition methods. The similar reactivities of both $Cl(^2P_{1/2})$ and $Cl(^2P_{3/2})$ atoms indicate that the contribution of $Cl(^2P_{1/2})$ atoms to the rate measurements in the competition experiment is small, and this negligible contribution may be the reason why the rate constants obtained by assuming single reactive species (in competition method) agree well with our direct measurement.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2017

Proviral Integration site of Moloney (Pim) murine Leukemia virus kinases is a serine/threonine specific protein kinase. It is largely involved in cell survival and proliferation. Pim-1 phosphorylates multiple cellular substrates to inhibit apoptosis and promote cell cycle progression. Over expression of Pim-1 kinase is observed in a range of malignancies and various solid cancers. High level of Pim-1 expression is seen in myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, prostate cancer and liver carcinomas. Hence, Pim-1 is considered as an interesting cancer target. In the present study, we have performed region-focused CoMFA study on a series of imidazopyridazine derivatives as Pim-1 kinase inhibitors. A statistically acceptable region-focused CoMFA model ($q^2=0.571$; ONC=3; $r^2=0.909$) was developed. The model was then validated using Bootsrapping and progressive sampling. The contour map highlighted the regions favorable to increase the activity. Bulky substitutions in $R^2$ position of the phenyl ring could increase the activity. Similarly, small negative substitution in the $R^1$ position of the Pyridine ring could increase the activity considerably. Our results will be useful to design novel Pim-1 kinase inhibitors of this series.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.54-58
• /
• 2016

In natural conditions, the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), colonizes in warm temperate regions, and is active in Korea from May through October. Information on black soldier fly rearing, which is affected by seasonal factors in Korea, is limited. This species colonizes and oviposits in a wide variety of decomposing vegetable and animal matter. For mass rearing of black soldier flies, the egg deposition methods are dependent on sunlight and oviposition sites. In this study, we investigated the substrates and oviposition sites preferred by black soldier fly in artificial rearing system. Our results showed that as black soldier flies prefer mating under sunlight, they prefer ovipositing at sites where adequate sunlight and food substrate are available. Further detailed research is required to develop methods for artificially rearing black soldier fly throughout the year in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 1999

To explain the theory of KIMI which is the theory of therapeutics in oriental medicine, monoamine oxidase(MAO) activities were measured in the brain and liver of mice which were orally administered oriental medicinal herbs which were classified into cold and hot drugs. Rheum palmatum, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Gardenia jasminoides, Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis japonica were considered as the cold drugs and Zingiber officinale, Aconitum carmichaeli, Asiasarum sieboldi, Evodia officinalis and Cinnamomum cassia were included in the hot drugs. The effects of cold and hot drugs on in vitro enzyme activities were measured and compared with the in vivo effects. Serotonin is important neurotransmetter involved in the control of body temperature. The MAO plays a central role in the metabolism of many neurotransmetter monoamines including serotonin. MAO is a flavoprotein found exclusively in the mitochondrial outer membrane, occuring in the MAO-A and MAO-B subtypes. MAO-A deaminates serotonin and noradrenaline, whereas MAO-B prefers phenylethylamine and benzylamine as substrates. Coptis japonica and Aconitum carmichaeli elevated the in vivo MAO activities and especialy, in vivo MAO-B activities were significantly increased. In vitro MAO-A activities were increased by hot drugs, whereas the in vitro MAO-B activities were inhibited. Cold drugs inhibited both enzyme activities in vitro.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.340-343
• /
• 2002

A PCB degrader, Ralstonia eutropha H850 was shown to induce bphC gene encoding 2,3-dihydroxy-biphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase in a carvone-amended pure culture in our previous study (Park et al.,1999). The present study was carried out to examine how plant terpenes, as natural substrates, would cause an expression of a PCB degradative gene in soil that was amended with terpenes. The population of Ralstonia eutropha H850 was maintained at least around 10$\^$8/ (CFU/g fresh soil) in the soil amended with carvone or limonene in the presence of succinate as a growth substrate at 50 th day. The gene expression was monitored by RT-PCR using total RNA directly extracted from each soil and bphC gene primers. The bphC gene expression of the seeded strain H850 was observed in the soil amended with biphenyl (4 days) but not with succinate, carvone and limonene. These results indicate that terpenes widely distributed in nature could be a potential inducing substrate for effective PCB biodegration in the soil but their bioavailability and specific induction behavior should be taken into account before PCB bioremediation implementation.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
• /
• 2003.09a
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2003

To search and development a new material with superior melanogenesis inhibitory activity, the bioactivities (obs. pl$_{50}$) of alkyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl esters and N-alkyl-3,4-dihydroxybenz-oyl amides as substrate molecules were measured in mouse melanoma cells. And also, we have studied that 3-D QSARs (3 dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) between molecular interaction field of substrates and the bioactivities were analyzed using CoMFA (Comparative Molecular Field Analyses) method. When cross-validation value (q$^2$) is 0.68 at 3 components, the Pearson correlation coefficient ($r^2$) is 0.900. From the basis on the findings, the model was appeared by the contour map such as steric field and electrostatic field relationships between quantitative structure and the bioactivity of the various substrate derivatives. Measured bioactivities (obs. pl$_{50}$) of unknown compounds are very similar to predicted activity (pred. pl$_{50}$) according to the CoMFA model. As the results of prediction, we could conclude that the bioactivities were increased by creation of R$_1$ substitution of 5,5-dime-thylhexoxy, 6,6-dimethylheptyl, 1-amino-6,6-dimethylheptyl group etc and R$_2$ substitution of hydroxy, methyl, methoxy group etc.p etc.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2018

The aim of this study is to elucidate the biochemical properties of manno-oligosaccharides (MOS) hydrolyzed by extracellular enzyme of Bacillus N3. We strived to characterize the biochemical properties of MOS since N3 can effectively hydrolyzed natural polymannans such as galactomannan (GM) and konjac (glucomannan, KM), respectively. The hydrolysis of GM and KM was applied by the strain N3 in terms of reducing sugars and the highest production of reducing sugars was estimated to be about 750 mg/L and 370 mg/L respectively, which were quantified after 7 days of cultivation in the presence of both substrates. Hydrolysates derived from the hydrolysis of KM showed the significant antioxidant activity based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity with increasing of tyrosinase inhibitory activity. On the other hand, hydrolysates derived from the hydrolysis of GM showed only ABTS radical scavenging activity without showing significant changes on tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Our data suggest that those biological characteristics may be depend on the primary structure and the size of MOS, which may be useful as potent additives for diet foods.