• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1998

마우스 백혈병 바이러스인 LP-BM5 MuLV를 감염시켜 면역결핍 상태 (Murine AIDS: MfdDS)로 유도한 C57BL/6 마우스에 10 종류의 가시아메바 분리주를 감염시켜 가시아메바 분리 주별 병원성을 평가하였다. LP-BM5 MuLV에 감염된 C57BL/6 마우스는 MfdDS 모델의 특징적 소견인 비장 종대와 임파절 종대를 나타내었고, 가시아메바의 배양 온도에 따른 MAIDS 모델 마 우스의 치사율의 유의적 차이는 없었으나. 분리주에 따른 MAIDS 마우스의 치사율은 상당한 차이 가 있었다. 아메바성 육아종성 뇌염 환자의 뇌에서 분리한 A. henlvioc-3A주가 가장 높은 치사 율을 나타내었고. 조직 배양 중 분리된 A. culbensonih-1주가 2번째로 높은 치사율을 나타내었 다. 국내 토양에서 분리한 A. ccstellanii KA/S2주와 A.polvphagaga KAS3주는 매우 낮은 치사율 을 보였다. 가시아메바를 비강 내 접종으로 감염시킨 마우스는 정맥 내 주사로 감염시킨 마우스에 비해 만성적 경과를 보였다. 사망한 마우스의 폐와 뇌의 육안적 병리 소견은 일관된 성적을 나타 내지는 않았고. 마우스 개체마다 다양하였다 병리 조직학적 소견으로는 뇌 조직에서보다 폐 조직 에서 더 심한 염증과 괴사를 보였으나. OC-3A주로 감염시켜 사망한 마우스의 뇌조직에서는 심한 염증반응과 가시아메바 영양형을 관찰할 수 있었다. 가시아메바 분리주마다 병원성이 다른 것으로 미루어 보아 가시아메바의 병원성은 유전적 요인에 의해 결정될 것으로 생각되며 추후 가시아메바 병원성 결정인자에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2015

본 연구는 다양한 효능을 지닌 초과(Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire)의 안전한 이용을 위한 독성평가로 식품의약품안전처 고시 제2014-6호 '의약품등의 독성시험기준'에 맞는 독성시험법에 따라 Balb/c mouse를 이용하여 3주간 반복경구투여를 통해 초과의 안전성을 확인하고자 하였다. 3주간 반복 경구투여 후 체중, 장기중량 측정, 혈액분석 및 혈액생화학 검사를 실시하여 안전성을 확인 한 결과, 초과에 의한 특별한 증상이나 체중, 장기중량의 변화는 관찰되지 않았으며, 복대동맥으로부터 채혈한 혈액을 통한 혈구분석결과에서도 대조군과 초과 추출물 투여군 간의 통계적인 유의성을 관찰 할 수 없었다. 또한 혈청을 이용하여 간기능(GOT, GPT, LDH, ALB, TP-S, T-BIL, D-BIL), 신장기능(BUN, CRE), 지질영양 관련(TG), 전해질 관련(I.P) 지표들의 생화학분석을 수행한 결과, 대조군과 유사하게 모두 정상 범위 내의 결과를 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 통하여 초과 추출물의 최대무독성용량은 최고 투여량인 2000 mg/kg 이상으로 판단되며, 본 연구결과는 초과의 기능성 식품, 화장품, 의약품 등 다양한 소재로서의 활용에 안전성 관련 기초자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2007

주변 인공림으로부터의 종자유입에 따른 치수발생현상은 향후 천연림의 임분동태의 향방에 매우 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 광릉 천연활엽수 성숙림내 천연갱신된 잣나무 치수의 침입과 이의 동태를 파악하기 위해 수행되었다. 조사지내에는 잣나무 성목이 분포하고 있지 않으나, 천연갱신된 잣나무 치수의 밀도는 ha당 총 345본으로 전체 치수의 56%가 2개 이상씩 모여서 분포하고 있었다. 2003년 1월 IKONOS 위성영상을 이용한 조사지와 주변 잣나무 성목 및 조림지까지의 거리를 조사한 결과, 잣나무 성목과는 최소 200m, 잣나무 조림지와는 최소 270m 이상 떨어진 것으로 나타났다. 천연갱신된 잣나무 치수의 평균 묘고와 근원경은 각각 34cm, 7mm 이었으며, 수령 5년 이하의 치수가 207본(60%)이었다. 잣나무 치수와 토양 수분 및 엽면적지수(LAI)와의 관계를 분석한 결과 토양수분은 16~20%, 엽면적지수는 3.1~3.5 구간에서 잣나무 치수의 분포가 가장 많았다. 광릉 천연활엽수림내 잣나무의 동태 및 종자 분산 경향을 파악하기 위해서는 앞으로 잣나무 치수의 생장과 고사율에 대한 장기적인 모니터링과 함께 방사성 동위원소와 분자유전학적 방법 등을 활용한 추가적인 연구도 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-18
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• 2012

Like any other natural resources, forest flora may experience the extreme threat of elevated temperature and saline water submergence at different stages of their lives i.e. from germination to maturity due to climate change effects. The overall aim of the study was to measure the effect of higher temperatures along with saline water irrigation on survival and initial growth during seedling stage of Artocarpus chapalasha. The experiment was conducted in temperature- humidity-photoperiod regulated plant growth chamber during stipulated period to measure the growth performance of randomly selected seedlings. Within three different elevated temperatures viz. $30^{\circ}C$, $32^{\circ}C$ and $34^{\circ}C$, the seedlings were given three different saline conditions such as 0.5 g/L, 1.5 g/L and 2.5 g/L NaCl concentrations. Results found from the experiment was that, seedlings of Artocarpus chaplasha reared at different temperatures and saline water treatments showed stunted growth than reared at existing outdoor temperature ($26.31^{\circ}C$) irrigated with regular fresh water. Seedling growth at three different parameters such as height, collar diameter and number of leaves showed that with increasing temperature individuals respond negatively to increasing saline condition. The seedling's growth occurred at every day in height, collar diameter and leaf. However, growth rate reduced later during the observation. The combined effect of high salinity and higher elevated temperature results in seedling mortality. Therefore, Artocarpus chaplasha may not thrive at higher temperature and salinity intrusion at its early growing period in plantation and natural forest areas.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

This study was conducted to obtain information of the oral dose acute toxicity of PGB-2, a novel polyglucosamine polymer produced from Citrobacter sp. BL-4 (a new strain) in male and female mice. Mortality, body weight changes, clinical signs were monitored during 14 days after single oral dose of test article at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250 and 125 ml/kg. Gross lesions, organ weight and histopathology of principal organs were examined after necropsy. As the results, we could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, changes in the body weight and gross findings except for white foci in the liver. In addition, no PGB-2-treatment related abnormal changes on the organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were detected except for atypical signs of liver. White liver foci were confirmed as focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results suggest that the PGB-2 is relatively safe in mice but the possibility of hepatotoxicity could not be excluded. The $LD_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of PGB-2 were considered over 2000 mg/kg, respectively. In future, the potential hepatotoxicity of PGB-2 should be evaluated through the repeat dose toxicity test prior to develop as a new agent.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.491-502
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• 2020

Sex/gender disparity has been shown in the incidence and prognosis of many types of diseases, probably due to differences in genes, physiological conditions such as hormones, and lifestyle between the sexes. The mortality and survival rates of many cancers, especially liver cancer, differ between men and women. Due to the pronounced sex/gender disparity, considering sex/gender may be necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. By analyzing research articles through a PubMed literature search, the present review identified 12 genes which showed practical relevance to cancer and sex disparities. Among the 12 sex-specific genes, 7 genes (BAP1, CTNNB1, FOXA1, GSTO1, GSTP1, IL6, and SRPK1) showed sex-biased function in liver cancer. Here we summarized previous findings of cancer molecular signature including our own analysis, and showed that sex-biased molecular signature CTNNB1^High, IL6^High, RHOA^High and GLIPR1^Low may serve as a female-specific index for prediction and evaluation of OS in liver cancer patients. This review suggests a potential implication of sex-biased molecular signature in liver cancer, providing a useful information on diagnosis and prediction of disease progression based on gender.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.454-460
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• 2002

While atherosclerosis is a major killer, there is now concern that mortality from the disease will increase due to the rising incidence of type II diabetes. Because diet can potentially influence both diseases, it is important to elucidate the role of diet in the progression of atherosclerosis. In addition, the mechanisms involved in dietary-related alterations of the disease need to be defined to guide public health recommendations to reduce athero-sclerosis incidence and limiting unwanted side effects. Since diet is thought to play a role in atherosclerosis even without added complications due to type II diabetes, reducing the incidence of that metabolic disease will not be enough. While evidence is increasing that high intake of carbohydrate can lead to type II diabetes and atherosclerosis, the preponderance of existing evidence indicates that intake of specific fats as a major dietary causal factor. It has recently been hypothesized that a dietary fat link to atherosclerosis may depend partly on the activity of a transcriptional regulator, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR). Thusfar, PPAR $\alpha$, $\beta$/$\delta$ and ${\gamma}$, have been shown to play a major role in metabolism, inflammation, and cancer. Furthermore, PPAR may regulate specific processes associated with atherosclerosis such as triglyceride and low density lipoprotein (LDL) metabolism; the reverse cholesterol transport pathway; lipid accumulation within plaques; the local inflammatory response and plaque stability. Synthetic ligands for PPAR have been developed; however, natural ligands include specific fatty acids and their metabolites. Though the role of PPAR in atherosclerosis has been reported with respect to synthetic ligands, additional studies need to be done with established and possible natural ligands. In this review, we will focus on the relation of dietary fat to PPAR alteration of atherosclerosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2016

There is renewed interest in natural products as a starting point for discovery of drugs for schistosomiasis. Recent studies have shown that phytol reveals interesting in vivo and in vitro antischistosomal properties against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Here, we report the in vitro antischistosomal activity of phytol against Schistosoma haematobium juvenile and adult worms and alterations on the tegumental surface of the worms by means of scanning electron microscopy. The assay, which was carried out with 6 concentrations (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and $150{\mu}g/ml$) of phytol, has shown a promising activity in a dose and time-dependent manner. There was a significant decline in the motility of the worms and a mortality rate of 100% was found at 48 hr after they had been exposed to phytol in the concentration of $150{\mu}g/ml$. Male worms were more susceptible. On the ultrastructural level, phytol also induced tegumental peeling, disintegration of tubercles and spines in addition to morphological disfiguring of the oral and ventral suckers. This report provides the first evidence that phytol is able to kill S. haematobium of different ages, and emphasizes that it is a promising natural product that could be used for development of a new schistosomicidal agent.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2007

This study was conducted to obtain acute information of the oral dose toxicity of PGB-1, a novel polyglucosamine polymer produced from a new strain Enterobacter sp. BL-2 in male and female mice. In order to calculated 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) and approximate lethal dose (LD), test material was once orally administered to male and female ICR mice at dose levels of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125 and 0 (vehicle control) ml/kg (body wt.). The mortality and changes on body weight, clinical signs, gross observation and organ weight and histopathology of principle organs were monitored 14 days after dosing with PGB-1. We could not find any mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings. In addition, significant changes in the organ weight and histopathology of principal organs were not observed except for some sporadic findings. The results obtained in this study suggest that PGB-1 may not be toxic in mice and may be therefore safe for clinical use. The $LD_{50}$ and approximate LD in mice after single oral dose of PGB-1 were considered over 2000 mg/kg in both female and male mice.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2020

Cancer is one of the leading cause of mortality in India as well as worldwide. The management of cancer by conventional therapy has shown life threatening adverse effects. The researchers are now exploring the natural way of treatment. Unani system of medicine have rich literature for cancer and many compound formulations have been described in this system. Unani system of medicine is based on holistic approach and treat human being as a unit with natural herbs, mineral and animal origin drugs. An important compound Unani formulation (CUF) from the literature has been chosen to explore the Unani claim of its anticancer activity. The phytochemical constituents were assessed using standard phytochemical screening method. Antioxidant property of this formulation was assessed by DPPH assay. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay was carried out by colorimetric method and ascorbic acid was taken as a positive control. Three different extracts of CUF on different concentrations were used to screening on human breast cancer (BCC) MCF-7 cell line. For the estimation of in-vitro cytotoxic potency of the investigated extracts was assessed on MTT assay by using trypan blue method and paclitaxel was used as the standard. Hydro-ethanolic (HE) extract showed highest free radical scavenging activity among all extracts. DPPH Assay showed substantial antioxidant activity of these extracts in hydro-ethanol extract at 1㎍ concentration of CUF. The CUF showed antioxidant and anticancer activity. The claim made by Unani physician has been proved.