• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

The study aims to establish a direction for forest ecological restoration by classifying forest types and understanding the ecological characteristics of the Uljin forest area damaged by a large fire in 2022. Hierarchical cluster analysis and indicator species analysis were conducted on 78 survey plots located in the forest fire-affected area, and four forest cover types were derived: P. densiflora pure forests, P. densiflora dominant forests, mixed broad-leaved forests, and Q. variabilis dominant forests. As a result of visually comparing changes in forest types before and after forest fire damage, by classifying data according to whether or not upper dead trees are included, it was confirmed that pine forests, which have a high proportion of pine trees, spread widely due to forest fire damage. However, broad-leaved mixed forests and oyster oak dominant forests showed characteristics of maintaining concentration, indicating that pine forests were severely damaged. As a result of the important value analysis, during the process of natural recovery after a forest fire, the species that appear early in the lower layer are the sprouts of existing species such as Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., Quercus variabilis Blume, Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume, Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. The distribution of diameter at breast height by forest cover type showed that among areas with extreme forest fire damage, the proportion of dead trees was relatively high and structural changes were large in P. densiflora pure forests and P. densiflora dominant forests where pine trees had a high distribution ratio. However, if continuous monitoring is carried out in the future with reference to the results of this study and plant data is collected and analyzed from a mid- to long-term perspective, it is believed that it will be used as useful data to promote forest ecological restoration projects in forest fire-affected areas.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.468-474
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• 2021

산림치유는 산림의 다양한 자연 환경요소를 활용한 친자연적인 치유방식을 통해 인체의 면역력을 높이고 사회적으로 점차 심각해지는 정신적, 육체적 사회병리 현상을 치유함으로서 숲이 지닌 치유 기능으로 시민의 건강을 증진시키는 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 국내에서 운영 중인 총 28개소의 국·공립 치유의 숲의 산림치유 시설 운영 및 프로그램의 특성을 분석함으로서 향후 국내 산림치유의 발전을 위한 계획적 시사점을 제시하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구의 순서는 먼저 산림치유와 프로그램의 개념을 정의하고 현재 국내에서 운영 중인 치유의 숲을 규모별로 구분하며, 규모별 치유의 숲의 시설운영과 프로그램의 특성을 분석함으로서 향후 국내 산림치유의 발전방향을 제시한다. 연구 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내 치유의 숲은 '09년 최초 개장된 이후 점차 소규모화 되었는데, 이는 지자체의 경쟁적인 조성에도 원인이 있으며, 50-100ha 이하의 숲에서 치유시설 및 프로그램의 다양성이 부족하였다. 둘째, 치유 숲길의 확장, 치유센터 내 시설확대 및 숲속 치유공간의 다양화를 통해 노인, 임산부, 장애우 등 특수계층 대상 프로그램이 확대되어야 하고, 치유의 숲 지도자의 양성이 우선되어야 한다. 셋째, 중·대규모 숲에서는 숙박형 프로그램을 확대하고 지자체의 사용료 보조가 필요하며, 프로그램 개발과 시설을 연계시키고 산림치유시설의 조성기준을 명확히 하기 위한 제도적 보완이 수반되어야 한다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제96권5호
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• pp.572-579
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• 2007

Tree species diversity is an important aspect of forest ecosystem stability. Tree species inventories at defined sites and in minimum diameter classes give a reliable indicator of the diversity level as well as the structural stability level of a study site. This study was conducted to investigate the species composition and the stand structure of the natural forest, timber-harvested forest (logged-over forest) and degraded forest of the Oak-twin Township in the Bago Yoma Region of Myanmar. Natural forest showed the highest family and species richness in all the investigated forests. At the family level, Verbenaceae occupied the highest importance value index (IVI) in all the forest stands while teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) occupied the highest IVI at the species level. However, the small diameter classes of T. grandis and other commercial species were less than those of big diameter classes in all the investigated forests. This abnormal pattern of diameter distribution could be a problem for the sustainable production of commercial timber species in the near future.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify characteristics of domestic pine forest soils and to elucidate major soil influencing factors for natural regeneration. We analyzed the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil samples collected from 23 pine forests and confirmed the similar results with the forest soil characteristics. Soil pH, organic matter content, total nitrogen, exchangeable Ca, silt content, and exchangeable Al were selected as the major soil factors among the exposed soils through 10 days of pine seedlings exposure and cultivation experiments and statistical analysis. Multiple regression analysis showed that soil pH had a positive effect on specific root length (SRL) of red pine seedlings and exchangeable Al was a significant factor affecting negative change in SRL. Taken together, the reduction of exchangeable Al by soil pH adjustment would be helpful for natural regeneration by restoring the forest and improving the fine root and root integrity of pine seedlings. Therefore, soil pH and exchangeable Al could be recommended as a major soil factor to be carefully considered in the monitoring and management of soil in pine forests that need to be renewed in the future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2011

Effects of forest thinning on community level properties have not been understood yet in Korea. We investigated regeneration patterns and trajectories after a disturbance by applying a chronosequence approach. Light availability, litter and woody debris cover, and species composition were determined for twenty 50 m line-transect samples representing a disturbance duration gradient (within 11 years). Environmental factors such as light availability and coverage of woody debris and litter changed abruptly after thinning and then returned to the pre-disturbance state. Although species richness was gained at shrub and ground layer in a limited way in both forests, cover of various functional types revealed diversity in their responses. Notably, Alnus firma stands exhibited a larger increment of cover in woody plants. Ordination analysis revealed different regeneration trajectories between natural and planted stands. Based on ordination analysis, rehabilitated stands showed movement to alternative states compared with natural ones, reflecting lower resilience to perturbation (i.e., lower stability). Our results suggest that community resilience to artificial thinning depends on properties of the dominant species. But to get more explanatory ecological information, longer-term static observations are required.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권1호
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• pp.42-53
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• 1991

1. 경상북도(慶尙北道) 상주군(尙州郡)과 충청북도(忠淸北道) 영동군(永同郡)의 경계(境界)를 이루는 백화산(白華山) 일대(一帶)에 대하여 식물사회학적(植物社會學的) 삼림군락분류(森林群落分類)와 소산식물상(所産植物相)의 조사(調査)를 행(行)하였다. 삼림식생(森林植生)은 자연림(自然林)으로 계곡부(溪谷部)와 산정부(山頂部)의 일부지역(一部地域)에 느티나무와 달피나무가 소규모(小規模)의 잔재림(殘在林)으로 분포(分포(布))하고 있지만 거의 전지역(全地域)이 이차림(二次林)이나 식림(植林)과 같은 대상식생(代償植生)으로 구성(構成)되어 있다. 2. 백화산(白華山) 일대(一帶)의 삼림군락(森林群落)은 신갈나무, 쇠물푸레 등(等)이 특징(特徵)지우는 신갈나무 쇠물푸레군락(群落)(Table 1 : I)의 산지림(山地林)과 물푸레나무, 고로쇠나무 등(等)이 특징(特徵)지우는 물푸레나무-고로쇠나무군락(群落)(Table 1 : II)의 계곡림(溪谷林)의 2개(個) 상급식생단위(上級植生單位)로 크게 구분(區分)되었으며 이들의 하급식생단위(下級植生單位)는 다음과 같다. I. 산지림(山地林)(I-A. 당단풍-지리대사초군(群), I-B. 소나무군(群) : I-B-a. 전형소군(典型小群), I-B-b. 철쭉나무소군(小群)) II. 계곡림(溪谷林)(II-A. 당단풍군(群), II-B. 느티나무군(群) : II-B-a. 전형소군(典型小群), II-B-b. 비목나무소군(小群), II-C. 졸참나무-굴피나무군(群) : II-C-a. 전형소군(典型小群), II-C-b. 비목나무소군(小群)) 3. 삼림군락(森林群落)의 수직분포(垂直分布)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 산지림(山地林)은 해발(海拔) 600m를 경계(境界)로 상부(上部)는 당단풍-지리대사초군(群)(I-A)과 전형소군(典型小群)(I-B-a), 하부(下部)는 철쭉나무소군(小群)(I-B-b)이 주로 분포(分布)하고 있었으며, 해발(海拔) 600m이하(以下)에서 주로 발달(發達)하는 계곡림(溪谷林)은 해발(海拔) 350m를 경계(境界)로 상부(上部)는 당단풍군(群)(II-A)과 느티나무군(群)(II-B), 하부(下部)는 졸참나무-굴피나무군(群)(II-C)이 분포(分布)하고 있었다. 4. 군락(群落)의 잠재우점성(潛在優占性)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果), 산지림(山地林)은 중부(中部) 이상(以上)에서는 신갈나무가 당분간(當分間) 도중극상(途中極相)을 중부(中部), 이하(以下)는 서어나무가 기후적(氣候的) 극상(極相)을 계곡림(溪谷林)은 인위적(人爲的) 영향(影響)을 배제(排除)하면 잔존종(殘存種)과 치묘(稚苗) 및 치수(稚樹)의 생육상태(生育狀態)로 보아 느티나무와 물푸레나무가 지형(地形) 및 토지적(土地的) 극상(極相)을 이루는 가운데 고로쇠나무, 까치박달, 비목나무 등(等)이, 국소적(局所的)으로 혼생(混生) 우점(優占)할 것으로 사료(思料)되었다. 5. 일치법(一致法)에 의해 산지림(山地林)과 계곡림(溪谷林)의 구분요인(區分要因)을 검토(檢討)한 결과(結果), 해발(海拔)보다는 지형(地形)에 의해 좌우(左右)되었다. 6. 백화산(白華山) 일대(一帶) 현존식물상(現存植物相)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 소산식물(所産植物)은 총(總) 709종류(種類)로 108과(科), 371속(屬), 613종(種), 2아종(亞種), 88변종(變種) 및 6품종(品種)이었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권5호
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• pp.540-546
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• 2008

Enrichment planting has been used as one of the promising restoration techniques to accelerate the natural restoration process of secondary forests or logged-over forests in Myanmar, The objectives of this study were to examine the growth performances of two commercial species such as Teak (Tectona grandis Linn f.) and Padauk (Pterocarpus macrocarpus Kurz) in response to different canopy opening treatments and to examine the suitability of these species in enrichment planting activities for the restoration of degraded tropical forests in Myanmar. In this study, split plot design was applied, and three levels of canopy openings were experimented. The survival rate and height growth of two species were measured four times with 6 month interval. The root collar diameter (RCD) was also measured in the last assessment. Although the survival rate of seedlings was not significantly different among the three treatments (p>0.05) as well as between two species (p>0.05) for all consecutive measurements, height (p<0.05) and RCD were significantly different (p<0.001) among the treatments, T. grandis seedlings thrived best under complete canopy opening (i.e., 5 m width canopy opening with strip-clear cutting) while P. macrocarpus seedlings under partial canopy opening (without felling of marketable tree species). Because this study is concerned with only for young stage of seedlings, continuous assessment and follow-up tending activities are needed to verify the species suitability and optimum width of canopy opening for enrichment planting activities in restoration of degraded forests of Myanmar.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2003

To analyze ecological characteristics of the Ulmus pumila community, an on-the-spot survey was conducted in August, 1998 in the Dong River, Gangwon-do, South Korea. The Ulmus pumila community is partially distributed in Dong River's midstream and upper stream. Topographical characteristics of this community are significant in the point bar or sandbank of the river. The community is classified into two types, disturbed and non-disturbed types, by the effect of flooding. The Ulmus pumila community (bush forests of Siberian elms) is a representative community which forms riparian forests, but its distribution is rare in South Korea. Only in Dong River is the Ulmus pumila distributed enough to form a community, and none is known that is lager than this community in South Korea. The non-disturbance type progresses more homogeneously than the disturbance type because it is formed on riverside banks where it is affected less by flooding. We concluded that the Ulmus pumila community in this study area has characteristics of riparian forests. In South Korea, Ulmus pumila community can be regarded as important element of vegetation landscape constituting riparian forests. Specifically, these riparian forests are evaluated as high in conservation value due to their being formed spontaneously. Moreover, Dong River is regarded as the southern limit of Ulmus pumila, which has a northern origin. The species or community needs continuous interests and conservation countermeasures because there are limitations in its spread of distribution by natural or artificial efforts.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2010

본 연구는 자연휴양림이 인접마을 지역경제에 미치는 영향에 대한 주민 인식을 조사 분석하여 휴양림이 나가야 할 발전방안을 이끌어 내는데 본 연구의 목적을 두었다 연구지역은 강원도 내 국립자연휴양림으로 한정하고, 이들 휴양림에 인접한 지역 마을 12곳을 대상으로 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS. 12.0를 이용하여 빈도, 교차, t-test, ANOVA 분석 실행하였다. 연구의 결과 자연휴양림으로 인한 소득증대와 고용효과를 묻는 질문에 세 지역 모두에서 소득증대와 고용창출에 기여하지 못했다고 응답하였다. 모든 지역에서 휴양림이 인접지역마을의 인지도 영향 향상에 도움이 안됐다고 인식 있었고 휴양림 인접마을에서 이용된 주요시설로 관광지, 숙박시설, 농산물 등의 순으로 꼽았으며 이용시설만족도에서는 모든 지역에서 만족도가 낮았으며 불만족 이유로 낮은 상품가치와 마을소개부족, 특산물부족과 낙후된 도로 등을 지적했다. 결론에서는 도출된 연구결과를 중심으로 발전방안을 제시 하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권5_2호
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• pp.206-213
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• 2010

This paper looks into how to preserve Gyeongju's natural environment and to restore its historic landscaping works, one of the greate factor that compose ancient city as a way of wisely preserving Gyeongju, one of the oldest cities of Korea. Gyeongju, a city based in its natural environment, is formated inside of a basin of mountains and streams. Mountains and streams are the major two factors when on thinks of preserving the ancient city of Gyeongju. Four mountains surrounding the city play a direct role in marking coordinates of major city landmarks, while streams influence the structure and formation of the city in a great deal. More precisely, mountains should be able to be seen from the center of the city and streams should be restored in a way that they can serve as scenic identities of their time. Efforts should also be put into restoring such elements as ancient gardens, royal forests and water ways. The research team believes that such efforts themselves will be a great methods in reclaiming historic values and significance of places of Gyeongju. Restoring an ancient city is not limited merely restoring a city in an artificial concept, it reaches to preserving natural environment as a backdrop of the city and traces of landscaping works. When it comes to restoring an ancient city, one must understand that preserving natural environment and historic landscaping works are as valuable as restoring city structure or constructional elements. We believe that defining subjects of ancient city restoration must be more precise, clear and detail down the road.