• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2023

The amount of damage and the area of damage to forest fires are increasing globally, and the effectiveness analysis of the restoration method after the damage is performed insufficient. This study calculated the area of forest fire damage was calculated using Sentinel-2B satellite images and stack map and the intensity of forest fire damage is analyzed according to the forest type. In addition, the vegetation index was calculated using various wavelength bands. Based on the results, the vegetation resilience by the restoration method was quantitatively. As results, areas with a high proportion of coniferous forests suffered high intensity forest fire damage, and areas with a relatively high ratio of mixed and broad-leaved forests tended to have low forest fire damage. Also, artificial forests showed a recovery of about 92.7% compared to before forest fires and natural forests showed a recovery of about 99.6% from the result of analyzing vegetation resilience in artificial and natural forests after forest fires. Accordingly, it was confirmed that natural forests after forest fire damage had superior vegetation resilience compared to artificial forests. It can be proposed that this study is meaningful in providing important information for efficiently restoring the affected target site and the selection criteria for trees to reduce forest fire damage through the evaluation of vegetation resilience by the intensity of forest fire damage and restoration methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2024

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant shift in the lifestyle patterns of the populace across various domains. Concerns surrounding COVID-19 have emerged as pivotal catalysts of change in recreational habits with people giving a particular preference for environments with low population density and increased openness. This trend has resulted in an uptick in excursions to natural reserves, coastlines, and parks. However, during the peak of infectious outbreaks, widespread adherence to social distancing measures has precipitated a steep decline in tourist footfall across natural recreation forests, exacerbating financial deficits to a considerable extent. Thus, this research sought to compare and analyze the operational efficacy and productivity of national, public, and private natural recreation forests pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic by utilizing non-parametric methodologies, such as data envelopment analysis and the Malmquist productivity index analysis. The objective was to identify the factors contributing to the decreases in efficiency and productivity and ultimately offer nuanced recommendations tailored to respective administrative bodies. This study's distinctive focus on the analysis of management efficiency and productivity in natural recreation forests nationwide offers significant academic and practical relevance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is on identifying vegetation change through monitoring representative complementary village forests according to different management. For this, two of complementary village forests around Mai mountain which many ones remain were selected. Those are complementary village forests of Seochon and Wonyeonjang. Seochon forest is a representative one which is managed naturally and Wonyeonjang one is a representative one which is managed artificially. The field survey for monitoring was preformed in 2002 and 2007, 2016. D(Dominant degree) and S(Sociability degree) were measured by Brown-Blanquet's method in field survey. Through the analysis and review of survey data, the change of species richness, appearing species characteristics, species composition and layer structure etc. according to different management was monitored. As a result, it can be seen that natural succession has increased species diversity, improved vegetation structure and circulation of complementary village forest. On the other hand, excessive anthropomorphic management was found to be detrimental to the health of the forests and to the vegetation structure and species composition. And it was found that excessive management threaten sustainability and periodical proper management is necessary. Through this review, the useful management direction of complementary village forests was suggested.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.235-245
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• 2022

Bhutan is endowed with rich biodiversity with several edible and useful fern species. Ferns have been used by local communities for centuries as vegetables, ethnobotanical artifacts, and as medicines. Owing to the limited study of edible and useful pteridophytes in the country, the knowledgebase remains poor. In this study, we attempt to document edible and useful fern species in the country scientifically while also providing an annotated checklist.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.929-935
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• 2005

The Monitoring System developed in this study was designed to help manage the recreational forests by gathering data on visitors' profiles and their opinions about recreational use and related facilities, This data could identify for changing situations in forest recreation demand as well as providing information on planning the management and use of the forest areas in advance. The standardized questionnaire had contained visitor profiles, activities, distribution of use by area, distribution us by time, duration of the visit, expenditure of visitors and information on visitor satisfaction and motivation. Also, the questionnaire had included the evaluations visitors' perception of facilities in order to identify the importance and performance of the various facilities, such as recreational and educational facilities, accomodations, directional signs as well as infrastructure. The monitoring system was developed in the object-oriented programming (OOP) environment. Microsoft Visual Basic 6,0 for the program language, Microsoft Access, and Excel program were used to develop the system. The monitoring system was composed of data input, database, and data analysis system, Once data were put into data input system, it automatically transferred to database, and it eventually produced the results of statistical analysis with one step procedure. This study was integrated with facilities and visitor monitoring system to identify the visitor impact at the recreational forests. In addition, this monitoring system would provide necessary and useful background information for management on recreational use of natural resources in a practical manner.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The characters of Castanea crenata community which is associated with human activities recently extended around the field of Saengbiryang-myeon at Sanseong-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do. The C. crenata community and its outskirts were investigated for several ecological parameters and the results can be summarized as fellows. C. crenata is prevailing in the plantation area, whereas Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica are prevailing in its outskirts. The mean species diversity of plantation was lower than that of natural forests. In stratification of investigated areas, overstory tree layer was dominant in the zone of plantation and dominant layers in the natural forest were understory tree layer, shrub, and herb. Plant biomass and net production which estimated from degree of green naturality were much higher in natural forests than those of the plantation community. Least significant differences (LSD) post hoc analysis revealed that P. densiflora and Q. mongolica community had significantly greater than densities than C. crenata community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.365-370
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• 2001

The vegetation of the Khogno Khan Natural Reserve of the central Mongolia was studied in terms of the Zurich-Montpellier School's method. Twenty plant communities were identified from the three different landscape types such as mountain areas(63%), plains(32%), and wetlands(5%). Actual vegetation map using five vegetation domains was accomplished in order to understand the spatial distribution of regional vegetation. Steppe vegetation of 88% vegetation cover to the whole area is representative, which is composed of a matrix of landscape. The birch-aspen forests and the elm bush forests are relics as a patch distribution. It is recognized that the whole territory of protected area be under the effects of severe grazing from the phytosociological viewpoint.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.287-293
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• 2002

Natural forest stand plays a very important role to understand the forest ecosystem in Korea, in which there is no ancient forests aye left. Several old growth Korean fir stands were studied to determine their naturalness. Internationally accept-ed criteria for virgin or natural forests were used and the changes in several stages by stand dynamics were applied. Although the areas survey is limited in size, it was discovered that they clearly represent certain characteristics of naturalness. This study and collected data will hopefully be the starting point for the further studies for naturalness of forest in Korea in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2000

Comparison of oribatid mite community structures among Namsan, Kwangreung, and Mt, Jumbong, which receive different levels of environmental stress from severe to almost none, was made in coniferous and deciduous forests, respectively. The number of species of oribatid mites was significantly lower in Namsan and Mt. Jumbong than in Kwangreung in the coniferous forest (p<0.05). In the deciduous forests, the number of species of oribatid mites was significantly lower in Namsan than in Kwangreung and Mt. Jumbong. Dominant species in 3 regions were remarkably different. Similarity of the oribatid community between Namsan and Kwangreung was much higher (ca. 2 times) than similarities between Namsan and Mt. Jumbong. and Kwangreung and Mt Jumbong. Diversity index (H$^{\prime}$) value of oribatid communities in deciduous forests in Namsan, Kwangreung and Mt. Jumbong was 2.74, 2.78, and 2.87, respectively. Diversity (H$^{\prime}$) value of oribatid communities in coniferous forests in Namsan, Kwangreung and Mt. Jumbong was 2.83, 2.62, and 2.38, respectively. Namsan and Kwangreung were characterized as O-type in both coniferous and deciduous forests On the contrary, Mt. Jumbong was characterized as MG-type in MGP-I analysis.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

To understand the health conditions and growth patterns of forest estate for environmental resilience and climate change mitigation, assessment of structure and species diversity is paramount. This study aimed at assessing the structure, alpha, and beta diversities of tree species in three ecological zones in Taraba, Nigeria for management purposes. In recent time, no research has been reported on the structure and beta diversity of the study areas. A systematic sampling design was used for data collection. Five sample plots of 50×50 m were laid in each of the six natural forest areas. The result showed a mean DBH (42.5 cm) and a tree height (15.0 m) from the forests. The forests have a structure of an inverse "J-shape," which is typical of natural forests in the tropics. The southern Guinea savanna zone had the highest mean Shannon-Weiner diversity index (2.8). The least beta diversity index (0.02) was between Baissa and Jen Gininya forest areas. Baissa and Bakin Dutse Protected Forest Areas (PFAs) contained 76.5% of the tree species. There is a high chance of all tree species to be found in these 2 forest areas. Proximity to a location influences how similar two tree species are, according to the least beta diversity index (0.02) recorded. The Federal Government's method of management for the forest, known as Gashaka Gumti National Park, may be responsible for the high beta diversity index in the Montane ecozone. Therefore, it should be strongly encouraged to practice strict oversight of natural areas, as their contributions to reducing climate change in Taraba State, Nigeria, cannot be overstated.