• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.257-263
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• 1995

As a primary step to develop natural preservative for extending the shelf-life of kimchi, the effect of 102 edible plants, 21 antimicrobial agents and related compounds on kimchi fermentation was studied. Among 42 oriental medicinal plants tested, Baical skullcap and Assam indigo were found to be highly effective for maintaining the fresh state of kimchi. Although Bugbane, Red mangolia, Bushy sophora, Szechuan pepper, Chinese quince and Scisandre significantly inhibit the growth of Lactobacilli, their effect was not high enough to be used as raw materials for kimchi preservative. When the effect of 32 herbs and spices was tested, peppermint, cinnamon, lemon balm, clove, hop, rosemary, sage, horseradish and thyme showed high antimicrobial activity against kimchi microorganisms. Among them, the effect of clove ranked top. When it was added to fresh kimchi, initial cfu value ($2.4{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$) changed little even after 2 day's fermentation ($2.6{\times}10^{6}cfu/g$). Sensory test was not a good criteria to evaluate the effect of herbs and spices, since their highly specific flavors affected the taste of kimchies. Twenty eight fruits, vegetables and related plants were tested, but only leaves of pine tree, persimmon and oak leaves showed a significant bactericidal effect, finally contributing to the storage of kimchi. In addition, when 21 natural preservatives and other compounds were added individually to fresh kimchi, nisin and caffeic acid could inhibit fermentation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.346-352
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• 2005

The chemical characteristics, enzymatic saccharification, and ethanol fermentation of autohydrolyzed lignocellulosic material that was exposed to steam explosion were investigated using bagasse as the sample. The effects of the steam explosion on the change in pH, organic acids production, degrees of polymerization and crystallinity of the cellulose component, and the amount of extractive components in the autohydrolyzated bagasse were examined. The steam explosion decreased the degree of polymerzation up to about 700 but increased the degree of crystallinity and the micelle width of the cellulose component in the bagasse. The steam explosion, at a pressure of 2.55 MPa for 3 mins, was the most effective for the delignification of bagasse. 40 g/L of glucose and 20 g/L of xylose were produced from 100 g/L of the autohydrolyzed bagasse by the enzymatic saccharification using mixed cellulases, acucelase and meicelase. The maximum ethanol concentration, 20 g/L, was obtained from the enzymatic hydrolyzate of 100 g/L of the autohydrolyzed bagasse by the ethanol fermentation using Pichia stipitis CBS 5773; the ethanol yield from sugars was 0.33 g/g sugars.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.924-933
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• 1998

Kochujang, fermented hot pepper-soybean paste, was prepared by two common varieties of red pepper and natural fermented (NF) or pure cultured (PC) meju (soybean mass that is soaked, steamed, mashed and fermented by natural microflora or pure strain) and monitored their taste related component, enzyme activity and microflora during fermentation at $25^{\circ}C$ for 120 days for confirming possibility of kochujang fermentation control. The reducing sugars, amino type nitrogen (reference quality factor) and amino acid content in PC kochujang were 11.4%, 0.58% and 1,372.9 mg% respectively, 7.1%, 0.42% and 1,038.7 mg% in NF kochujang. It is concerned higher ${\alpha}-{\;}and{\;}{\beta}-{\;}amylase$ and, acid and neutral protease in PC kochujang during fermentation. The meju fermented by selected pure strain (A. oryzae CBU) can be applied to produced better quality of kochujang instead of natural meju.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.146-150
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• 2017

Alnus sibirica (AS) geographically distributes in Korea, Japan, Northeast China and Russia. The bark of this plant had been used for antipyretic, expectorant, anti-phlogistic, antitussive, anti-asthmatic and as a health tea for alcoholism. Recently, we studied various biological activities of AS and the isolated diarylheptanoid. In present study, we conducted fermentation of AS (FAS) and isolated two diarylheptanoid (hirsutenone and muricarpone B). Moreover, we established the validation and contents determinations of the two compounds by HPLC on FAS.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2007

This aims to review natural products transformed by mimic intestinal metabolisms with microorganisms and hydrolytic enzymes, which exhibit enforced biological activity, higher extraction yield and identification of active components. In the process, transformation to the smaller active compounds with enzymes and microbes mimics the pharmacological action of natural products by intestinal bacteria. In order to establish conditions for the fermentation and enzyme reaction, it is required to choose several natural products for biotransformation and investigate the optimal conditions for the fermentation or the enzyme reaction such as composition, temperature, pH, inoculum, and cultivation time. It is expected an increase of the internal absorption of the active materials without regard to the intestinal microbes or its ability through biosynthesis of the active materials by the microbes and enzymes. And this techniques can be applied to biotransformation of natural products such as sesaminol, resveratrol, 1-deoxy nojirimycin, naringenin, quercetin, and baicalin and to the metabolism study using the animal model.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1248-1254
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• 2012

The effect of silage additives on ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) silages was studied. Napier grass silages were made with no additive, fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (FJLB), molasses or cassava meal. The ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling Napier grass silages in airtight plastic pouches for 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 45 d. The effect of Napier grass silages treated with these additives on voluntary feed intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial rumen fermentation was determined in 4 fistulated cows using $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. The pH value of the treated silages rapidly decreased, and reached to the lowest value within 7 d of the start of fermentation, as compared to the control. Lactic acid content of silages treated with FJLB was stable at 14 d of fermentation and constant until 45 d of ensiling. At 45 d of ensiling, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of silage treated with cassava meal were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the others. In the feeding trial, the intake of silage increased (p<0.05) in the cow fed with the treated silage. Among the treatments, dry matter intake was the lowest in the silage treated with cassava meal. The organic matter, crude protein and NDF digestibility of the silage treated with molasses was higher than the silage without additive and the silage treated with FJLB. The rumen parameters: ruminal pH, ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_3$-N), volatile fatty acid (VFA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and bacterial populations were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, these studies confirmed that the applying of molasses improved fermentative quality, feed intake and digestibility of Napier grass.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.135-146
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• 1994

The study was conducted to research the desirable method for fermentation of acidic beverage in the farmhouse using peach dropped at harvesting periods. Step by step fermentation(SSF), complex fermentation after crushing of the fruit(CCF), complex fermentation after slicing of the fruit(SCF) and natural fermenation added yeast only after slicing of the fruit(SYNF) were compared. The brief stationary fermentor for complex fermentation in the farmhouse was made in this experiment. The ability of acid production, flavor, taste and color were measured by sensory evaluation and mechanical methods. The quality of vinegar by SYNF was the most desirable, estimated by the color, the flavor, the content and composition of sugar, and of organic acids, and which was a suitable fermentation method for the farmhouse. The strains of acetobacter SYNF-1, 2 and 3 were isolated from the SYNF vinegar, and the SYNF-1 was a main strain.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.673-680
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• 2024

Kombucha, a fermented beverage, is gaining popularity due to its numerous beneficial health effects. Various substrates such as herbs, fruits, flowers, and vegetables, have been used for kombucha fermentation in order to enhance the flavor, aroma, and nutritional composition. This study aims to investigate the potential suitability of cascara as a novel ingredient for kombucha production. Our findings suggested that cascara is a suitable substrate for kombucha production. Fermentation elevated the total phenolic and flavonoid content in cascara, which enhanced the antioxidant, antibacterial, and prebiotic characteristics of the product. Furthermore, the accumulation of acetic acid-induced the pH lowering reached 2.7 after 14 days of fermentation, which achieved the microbiological safety of the product. Moreover, 14 days of fermentation resulted in a balanced amalgamation of acidity, sweetness, and fragrance according to sensory evaluation. Our findings not only highlight the potential of cascara kombucha as a novel substrate for kombucha production but also contribute to repurposing coffee by-products, promoting environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural development.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2004

물의 종류를 달리한 동치미의 발효숙성 중 미세구조관찰을 조사하기 위해 담금액의 종류를 증류수, 정수, 광천수 처리구로 달리해 1$0^{\circ}C$에서 46일간 저장하면서 pH변화, 총산변화, 염도 변화, 탁도 변화, 조직감 변화 및 세포벽관찰을 조사하였다. 전체적으로 발효가 진행됨에 따라 pH는 점차로 낮아지다 숙성 12일부터 완만하게 변화하고 총산도 변화는 광천수 처리구의 경우 다른 처리구와는 다르게 적숙 도달시점인 0.3-0.4범위$^{26)}$에 가장 늦게 도달 하여 적숙산도 범위가 숙성말기까지 지속되었다. 또한 동치미의 침지액의 소금농도는 담금 직후 3%에서 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 감소하다 각 처리구별 숙성 12-25일에 평형상태에 도달했다. 동치미의 침지액의 탁도 변화는 숙성초기엔 미생물이 증식이 없기 때문에 숙성기간별 염도와 상관관계가 있어 숙성 12일까지는 광천수 처리구의 경우 다른 처리구에 비해 높게 나타나다 발효말기에 다시 증가하였다. 동치미 무의 조직감 변화는 각 처리구별 숙성 25일에 최대 절단력을 나타내다 점차 감소하였으며 광천수 처리구의 경우 담금 직후인 0일에 비해 최대 절단력이 2.7배 증가하여 세 처리구 중 가장 높았다. Ca변화에서 동치미 침지액의 Ca변화는 숙성초기에 광천수 처리구의 Ca함량이 높게 나타났는데 이는 광천수 처리구의 물 자체의 Ca함량이 높았기 때문에 영향을 주었으리라 여겨지며 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 Ca함량이 증가하다 숙성25일에 최대치를 보였다. 정수 처리구의 침지액과 무의 Ca변화는 숙성초기에 광천수 처리구보다는 낮게, 증류수보다는 높게 나타나다 숙성 9-15일에는 증류수가 약간 높게 나타났다. Mg변화는 침지액에서 전 처리구에서 숙성초기부터 점차 증가하는 경향이었으며 광천수처리구가 숙성 4-25일에 증가하였는데 이는 광천수의 $Ca^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$ 와 같은 양이온이 존재하여 펙틴질에 영향을 주어무 조직을 단단하게 하는 것으로 보여진다. 세포벽 관찰에서는 숙성기간이 경과함에 따라 중엽(Middle lamella)과 세포막 붕괴현상이 현저해짐을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 물의 종류를 달리한 동치미의 경우 광천수 처리구에 있어 식물조직에 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다. 이는 무조직에 있어 펙틴 물질들 사이에 $Ca^{2+}$를 통한 가교형성으로 조직감을 부여함을 알았다. 광천수 처리구는 물자체에 함유된 칼슘과 마그네슘 등의 미네랄성분이 조직감 향상에 관여 될 뿐만 아니라 탄산을 함유한 물 자체의 특성이 발효기간 중 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었다.다.

• 약학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.687-695
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• 1994

Lectin from mistletoe(Viscum coloratum) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum for 1,2,3 days were obtained by salt fractionation, gel filtration, anion exchange chromatography and SDS-PAGE, and compared with the lectin from unfermented mistletoe. The new lectin of molecular weight of about 18,500D from fermented mistletoe was identified.