• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives: In establishing policies for agricultural safety, evaluating injury burdens as well as investigating the rates and characteristics of work injury is important. This study investigated the types and characteristics of agricultural injury subjective burdens. Methods: By analyzing the injured farmers identified in the 2013 Korean Farmers' Occupational Injury Survey, the burdens caused by injuries were categorized using one direct cost item (medical costs) and five indirect cost items (including productivity decreases and wage increases). Statistical differences among the burden items were analyzed using logistic regression analysis according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. Results: Among the subjective burdens indicated by the 457 injured farmers, disruption to work was most common. The major influences on each subjective burden item are as follows: for the item of disruption to work, age, time of injury occurrence, treatment period, and farming machine use were influential; for an increased family member's burden of farm works, the number of family members and treatment period were influential. Regarding cost burden of treatment, the results varied according to whether or not the patient was hospitalized and annual income. Conclusion: Subjective burdens induced by indirect costs rather than those induced by direct costs were found to be higher in ratio. In regard to each burden item, the results varied according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. To support injured farmer, setting goals to reduce indirect cost burdens and preparing concrete methods is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.79-97
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• 2015

Curriculum may be defined as everything students learn at school or the specific plan of a subject that students are supposed to learn. The purpose and goals of the curriculum or who is in charge of developing the curriculum may differ by country. This study aimed at comparing the mechanisms in which the Home Economics curriculum is implemented in Korea and the Unite States at different levels. Considering that Korean government now supports increased autonomy of schools, allowing them to execute curricula according to their educational environments, it is meaningful that the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation mechanisms of two countries are explored. Specifically, middle schools in a City of Kyung-gi Province in South Korea and three states(Wisconsin, Ohio, and Washington states) in the United States are examined. The curriculum documents at different levels as well as study plans used by actual teachers are compared for this purpose. In case of South Korea, the nation state is in charge of curriculum development and the curriculum document defines the educational contents to detail in order to provide standardized learning experience to students. This type of closely controlled system warrants standardized educational contents and thus allows nation-wide assessment using standardized measures. On the other hand, it is difficult to accommodate diversities among students in terms of aptitudes and learning styles, and also limits creativity enhancement or integrative approach to teaching and learning. In comparison, curriculum in the United States is rather loosely defined, and more autonomy is granted to schools and teachers. Each of these two different systems may have advantages and disadvantages of their own. The findings of this study is expected to provide implications to curriculum development as well as to the development of framework and guidelines to the curriculum implementation.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-113
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• 2013

The study started from the point that learners should be basically equipped to quickly respond to changes in demand for future human resources efficiently and effectively, and an attitude to take part in learning voluntarily should thus be cultivated. To this end, the author applied the TAI model based on a module as a class strategy to solve problems related to several classes occurred in specialized high schools. This application of the TAI model was also motivated by the necessity for designing an appropriate teaching-learning method that encourages improvement of self-learning capacity, consistent learning motivation, and willingness rather than external factors. Through this work, the author aims to heighten the interest of learners and improve endurance in learning. The study results are as follows. First, the learning unit was structuralized as a module and then learning stages were proceeded with so that capacity to adapt to learning would improve. The achievement standard (learning goal) was structuralized in a module type by analyzing and reorganizing the textbook considering the link between the actual practice field and a curriculum based on subject characteristics. Through the process of module type learning stages, the student's capacity to ascertain characteristics of units and to adapt to learning both improved. Second, through application of a TAI model based on a module, Self-Directed Learning capacity and capacity to adapt to a new field improved. By applying the module, Self-Directed Learning could be accomplished more effectively than in the existing passive learning environment. By grafting cooperative learning of the TAI model, students had greater interest and achievement in classes, self-confidence and community consciousness, and an opportunity to broaden their thinking. In particular, improvement of self-confidence is effective in cultivating the capacity required in industrial society to transcend the learning of simple functions and knowledge, as well as the capacity to adapt to new environments. Third, by solving tasks focused on fields related to industrial sites, not only actual survey capacity but also additional capacity to identify and solve tasks through various experiences improved. Furthermore, it was helpful for students to have interest and motivation about their own life and learning to cultivate the qualities and capacity to adapt to the working world where new knowledge and technology rapidly change. Fourth, by applying a standard-based assessment system for technical subjects introduced in 2012 to model design for learning plans, clearer and more objective assessment criteria were arranged, and individual learning through instruction at each achievement level could be accomplished. This improved achievement level of individual learners was helpful in reaching achievement goals at specific levels by overcoming the disadvantages of cooperative learning in each group.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

Research regarding corporate associations in marketing has generally been approached using the association theory. However, limited research investigates the effect of corporate associations on consumer loyalty to individual brands by examining the role of self connectedness with a corporate image. The activation of behavior-related constructs can influence individuals' behaviors without their intention or conscious awareness. A recently developed body of research suggests that self connection can play an important role in affecting subsequent behaviors. Although these effects have received considerable attention, the set of mechanisms involved in self connectedness and loyalty to individual brands is not clear. An active self account in which associative constructs can affect behavior by temporarily altering the active self-concept may lead to behavior or evaluation. If the exposure to a corporate brand can induce consumers' cognitive associations and goal-primed effects through the role of active self accounting, the connectedness between the consumer's self and the corporate brand could be developed and this connectedness could be explained by associative and connection models and the goal priming theory. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of corporate associations on loyalty to individual brands through connections between the corporate and the consumer's self. There are three main purposes of the research. First, theories regarding corporate associations will be explored. Second, theories of self-concept will be investigated and self connectedness with corporate brands will be explored. Third, the effects of the connectedness between the self and the corporation on corporate identification and loyalty to individual brands will be investigated. For the purposes of this research, the types of corporate associations are classified into corporate ability (CA) associations and corporate social responsibility (CSR) associations. Furthermore, the connectedness between the consumer's self and the corporate image are divided into two concepts: the connectedness between the individual self-concept and the corporate identity and the connectedness between social self-concept and the corporate identity. This study suggests the hypotheses that the types of consumer self connections with the corporate image could vary according to the types of corporate associations created and further that the connectedness between the corporate association and the consumer's self-concept have positive effects on loyalty to corporate individual brands. The results of testing these hypotheses are as follows. First, corporate ability associations enhance the connectedness between the consumer's individual self and corporate brands. That is, corporate ability associations influence individual connectedness between the corporate and individual self-concept positively from the viewpoint of the consumer's personal ability and branding success. In addition, corporate social responsibility associations have a positive effect on social connectedness between the corporation and the consumer's social self-concept. Second, the connectedness between the corporate brand and the consumer's self-concept affects identification with the corporation. The consumer's personal self and social self connectedness induces corporate identification. Third, individual self connectedness has a positive effect on loyalty to corporate individual brands, while social self connectedness does not. This also means that individual self connectedness with the corporate image or brand plays a more important role in forming individual brand loyalty than social self connectedness with the corporate does. In addition, social connectedness cannot influence individual brand loyalty until it passes through identification with the corporate. Fourth, consumers who experience identification with a corporate identity also show positive responses to corporate individual brands. That is, consumers also develop loyalties toward individual brands through the corporate identification because self-pursued goals that are induced by corporate associations can be achieved by consuming the individual brands that are sold by the corporate that the consumers identify with.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.69-80
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• 2015

This can be promoted collaboration environment for the system and the system is very important for competitiveness, it is equipped. If so, could work in collaboration with members of the organization to promote collaboration what factors? Organizational collaboration and cooperation of many people working, or worth pursuing common goals by sharing information and processes to improve labor productivity, defined as collaboration. Factors that promote collaboration are shared visions, the organization's principles and rules that reflect the visions, on-line system developments, and communication methods. First, it embodies the vision shared by the more sympathetic members are active and voluntary participation in the activities of the organization can be achieved. Second, the members are aware of all the rules and principles of a united whole is accepted and leads to good performance. In addition, the ability to share sensitive business activities for self-development and also lead to work to make this a regular activity to create a team that can collaborate to help the environment and the atmosphere. Third, a systematic construction of the online collaboration system is made efficient and rapid task. According to Student team and A corporation we knew that Cloud services and social media, low-cost, high-efficiency services could achieve. The introduction of the latest information technology changes, the members of the organization's systems and active participation can take advantage of continuing education must be made. Fourth, the company to inform people both inside and outside of the organization to communicate actively to change the image of the company activities, the creation of corporate performance is very important to figure. Reflects the latest trend to actively use social media to communicate the effort is needed. For development of systematic collaboration promoting model steps to meet the organizational role. First, the Chief Executive Officer to make a firm and clear vision of the organization members to propagate the faith, empathy gives a sense of belonging should be able to have. Second, middle managers, CEO's vision is to systematically propagate the organizers rules and principles to establish a system would create. Third, general operatives internalize the vision of the company stating that the role of outside companies must adhere. The purpose of this study was well done in collaboration organizations promoting factors for strategic alignment model based on the golden circle and collaboration to understand and reflect the latest trends in information technology tools to take advantage of smart work and business know how student teams through case analysis will derive the success factors. This is the foundation for future empirical studies are expected to be present.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.2 s.116
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• pp.198-208
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• 2006

This research was to apply a multi-metric approach, so called the Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) as a tool for biological evaluations of water environments, to a wadable stream. For the study, we surveyed 5 sampling locations in Kap Stream during August 2004 ${\sim}$ September 2005. We also compared the biological data with long-term water quality data, obtained from the Ministry of Environment, Korea and physical habitat conditions based on the Quantitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). We used ten metric systems for the IBI model to evaluate biological stream health. Overall IBI values in Kap Stream averaged 24 (range: 20${\sim}$30, n=5), indicating a "fair ${\sim}$ poor" conditions according to the modified criteria of Karr (1981) and US EPA(1993). Exclusive of 4th survey, average IBI values at the upstream reach (S1 ${\sim}$ S3)and downstream reach (S4 ${\sim}$ S5) were 20 and 24, respectively. However, in 4th survey the averages were 21 and 20 in the upstream and downstream reaches, respectively. This difference was larger in the upstream than in the downstream because of physical condition disturbed during summer monsoon. Values of the QHEI varied from 75(fair condition) to 148 (good condition) and values of QHEI in the S3 were significantly (P=0.001, n=5) lower than other sites. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were greater by 3 ${\sim}$ 8 fold in the downstream than in the upstream reach. We believe that present IBI approach applied in this study may be used as a key tool to set up specific goals for restoration of Kap Stream.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.851-868
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• 2004

The main purposes of this study is to develop a web-based STS biology instruction program (WB-STS) for the scientifically gifted students. The specific main research questions were as follows; 1. How can the WB-STS for biology education be developed and what are the primary components involved in it? 2. Is there any proper validity for developed the WB-STS in biology education? To solve the above mentioned problems, several procedures were applied. First, in order to develop WB-STS for the scientifically gifted students, NCISE, Renzulli' s Enrichment Triad Model and the Iowa Chautauqua program's main characteristics were analyzed systematically and the principles and general process for constructing WB-STS were examined. Additionally, the needs of students and the goals of Biology education were identified thoroughly. And then all these ideas were embodied in an agenda for constructing WB-STS. Second, to analyse the validity and utility of developing WB-STS, a questionnaire was developed and submitted to seven specialists and a group of twenty students who would participate in the experiment later. The main results of study are summarized below: First, WB-STS appeared to be successfully constructed based on Renzulli' s Enrichment Triad Model and the Iowa Chautauqua program. Its main features are that it was made emphasizing a learner-centered approach and constructive learning. It is composed of five steps: Scientific theme selection -${\rightarrow}$Exploration ${\rightarrow}$ Concept & Principle Check ${\rightarrow}$ Finding Solution ${\rightarrow}$ Action. Second, seven specialists and a group of students assessed the developed WB-STS's validity and utility with a questionnaire, the results appeared satisfactory. Students showed high interest in WB-STS and gave a positive evaluation of WB-STS.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.135-153
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to develop teaching-learning plans applying ARCS strategies for food safety education, focusing on units related to the 'food selection and safe cooking'. To achieve this purpose, this study was conducted in the following order of analysis, design, development, assessment I, revision I, assessment II, revision II, and completion. In the analysis stage, 2015 revised curriculum and middle school technology-home economics textbooks(12 kinds) contents of 'food selection and safe cooking' among content elements of core concept 'safety' were analyzed. In the design and development stages, teaching-learning plans, teaching-learning materials, and evaluation rubric for teaching-learning outcomes using the ARCS motivation strategy were developed. In the phases of assessment I and revision I, evaluation items were selected as open-ended questions about food safety education factors and ARCS strategies, and their validities were verified by four experts. The teaching-learning plans for nine lessons were revised based on the feedbacks such as evaluation plans considering the correspondence between instruction and evaluation, strategy to reinforce intrinsic motivation, correction of improper contents composition, and so on. In the phases of assessment II and revision II, the validity of the three items, including relevance of each teaching-learning to food safety education, suitability of learning goals, and appropriateness of motivation strategy, was verified by seven experts. The final teaching-learning plans for 10 lessons were developed by revising and supplementing the data by compiling opinions of the assessment II. It is expected that this study can contribute to food safety education for middle school students, and that teaching-learning plans which apply ARCS strategies for food safety education will be used as good references for school teachers and curriculum developers.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.13
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• pp.49-66
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• 2000

Despite the fact that understanding customers satisfaction with transportation services is a subject of great importance, authors, so far, found no systematic researches referred to that issue. From this point, studying the satisfaction with subways services can be extremely useful. Empirical study of key factors in the satisfaction with subway services is the departure point, which holds as objectives, and we believe, will contribute to overall increasing in the number of subways services used and in the amount of public benefits derived from that usage. In order to achieve these goals: First, several items referred to some key factors in the satisfaction of subway usage were systemized. Second, a research of specific weights attached to those key factors by subway passengers was conducted. Knowledge of the satisfaction variables system can provide deep insights into ones perceptual experience when using a subway. The results were as follows: Various interrelated factors compose a passengers satisfaction with subway services. People do not just use subway passively; a number of key factors, like physical and personal services, exact timing, easiness to access etc. determine the passengers satisfaction with subway. In order to find out specific weights of these key factors multiple regression analysis was employed. Results showed that satisfaction with subway is determined by (in order of importance) easiness to access, quality of physical services, friendliness of working stuff and timing exactness. According to the findings, passengers do not use subway as a simple mean of transportation, rather they perceive it as a complex combination of environmental elements and overall satisfaction depends on these various factors. Therefore, to learn passengers satisfaction with subways services, passengers subway experience must be thoroughly studied and analyzed, and this is where papers value resides.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.7978-7989
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• 2015

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Although the prevalence among Korean adults is very high, its management is known to be poor. The aim of this study was to access the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of dyslipidemia according to treatment guideline rather than diagnostic criteria. The risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular disease were evaluated to apply the appropriate risk-based threshold of the lipid treatment targets according to risk category. Analysis was done using nationally representative data (n = 16,263) collected from adults aged 20 years and older participating the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANS) 2010-2012. The age-standardized prevalence rate of dyslipidemia according to treatment criteria was 34.1%. Of these prevalent cases, however, only 19.2% were aware; 9.5% treated; and 8.7% controlled. The age-standardized control rate among treated persons was 47.5%. Men had a significantly higher prevalence than women (39.7% vs. 28.8%), but a significantly lower rate of awareness, treatment, and control (16.0% vs. 22.3%, 7.7% vs. 11.3%, and 6.1% vs. 11.2%, respectively). As the higher risk category, the prevalence rate was higher but the control rate was lower. The prevalence of patients with diabetes was 82.5% when applying the treatment criteria (LDL-cholesterol level of ${\geq}100mg/dL$ and triglyceride level of ${\geq}200mg/dL$). However, only 11.9 % of these were controlled, whose LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were lower than the treatment goals. Our findings suggest that effective strategies are required to decrease the gap between the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the following treatment. It would be worthwhile to strengthen the follow-up management of patients with dyslipidemia in the National Health Screening Program, especially in the high risk group of cardio-cerebrovascular disease.