• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

While the crime scene investigation, evidences are found to search with the naked eyes and to use science equipments. Crime evidences, which are used as judgement, have various things: blood, sperm, saliva, hair, fingerprint, fiber, soil, paint, and so on, especially, fingerprints could take through crime scene investigation, and in there, it could distinguish individually. In this case study, sort of leathers: a wallet, a belt, and a sofa, which are needed special identification even thought people experience easily in usual day, are tried many of the identification tests. As a result, using fluorescent magnetic powder method or fluorescent powder method as identification of many leathers is most efficient.

• Brain Tumor Research and Treatment
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.82-85
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• 2018

Extremely massive sellar xanthogranuloma (XG) are rare, and the surgical outcome and prognosis are not well known. XG remain unknown whether they are derived from Rathke's cleft cysts (RCCs) or craniopharyngiomas (CPs) following extensive inflammation and metaplasia, to the point that no epithelium is readily identifiable. These lesions usually tend to occur in younger patients (mean 28.3 years), have a smaller diameter, and remain primarily intrasellar region with infrequent calcification. This 36-year-old man presented our hospital with visual deterioration. At the time of visit, there were no neurological problems other than visual field defect and hormonal disorder. He visited our hospital in 2007 due to headache and decreased vision, and underwent transphenoid surgery for pituitary RCC. Since then, he has received treatment at our hospital for postoperative hormonal disorders. Through preoperative imaging study, the author suspected CP and underwent surgery. During the operation, the adhesion of the tumor to the surrounding major neurovascular structures was severe in the naked eyes, but the tumor could be removed more easily than expected. The postoperative histological findings were confirmed as XG. The postoperative course was uneventful. Compared to the previous literature, this case is a case where the size of XG is very large in a sellar region and it can be proved that it originated from the RCC. And regular follow-up is necessary to confirm the prognosis after surgery.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.298-304
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• 2021

This study aimed to determine the applicability of drones and air quality sensors in environmental monitoring of air pollutant emissions by developing and testing two new methods. The first method used orthoimagery for precise monitoring of pollutant-emitting facilities. The second method used atmospheric sensors for monitoring air pollutants in emissions. Results showed that ground sample distance could be established within 5 cm during the creation of orthoimagery for monitoring emissions, which allowed for detailed examination of facilities with naked eyes. For air quality monitoring, drones were flown on a fixed course and measured the air quality in point units, thus enabling mapping of air quality through spatial analysis. Sensors that could measure various substances were used during this process. Data on particulate matter were compared with data from the National Air Pollution Measurement Network to determine its future potential to leverage. However, technical development and applications for environmental monitoring of pollution-emitting facilities are still in their early stages. They could be limited by meteorological conditions and sensitivity of the sensor technology. This research is expected to provide guidelines for environmental monitoring of pollutant-emitting facilities using drones.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to measurement real accmmnodative response amount of emmetropia using both eyes open-view auto-refractometer. We classified 377(male 146, female 231)eyes showing good naked vision at least 1.0, with a spherical equivalent refraction of under ${\pm}0.50D$ and cylindercal refraction of under -0.75D, from 10 to 59(mean $25.8{\pm}12.4$) years into 5 groups with 10 year interval and analyzed change of the near astigmatism and accommodative response amount to distinction of age. Age comparison, total mean 1.47D, 10 years age group 1.63D, 20 years age group 1.57D, 30 years age group 1.71D, 40 years age group 0.97D, and 50 years age group 0.05D. It was no difference between 10 to 30 years age group, But it showed the decre8.se which is remarkable from above 40 years age group and it does not almost response from above 50 years age group. Sexual difference, the man appeared some highly in male(mean $26.4{\pm}12.3$ years) 1.56D m female(mean $26.4{\pm}12.3$) 1.43D. Near-astigmatism power change, mean +0.12D, 10 years age group +0.06D, 20 years age group +0.16D, 30 years age group +0.09D, 40 years age group +0.05D, and 50 years age group +0,06D. No significant difference of astigmatism powers among the an groups, but from all years age group the astigmatism power appeared more highly far-astigmatism than near-astigmatism. Near-astigmatism axis change in the far-astigmatism changes at under ${\pm}10^{\circ}$ 103 eyes, above ${\pm}10^{\circ}$ rotation clockwise direction 108 eyes, above ${\pm}10^{\circ}$ rotation counter-clockwise direction 101 eyes. It was analyzed near-astigmatism axis change.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1062-1075
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• 2010

In the medical image application the difference of intensity is widely used for the image segmentation and feature extraction, and a well known method is the threshold technique that determines a threshold value and generates a binary image based on the threshold. A frequently-used threshold technique is the Otsu algorithm that provides efficient processing and effective selection criterion for choosing the threshold value. However, we cannot get good segmentation results by applying the Otsu algorithm to chest X-ray images. It is because there are various organic structures around lung regions such as ribs and blood vessels, causing unclear distribution of intensity levels. To overcome the ambiguity, we propose in this paper an effective algorithm to extract pulmonary regions that utilizes the Otsu algorithm after removing the background of an X-ray image, constructs intensity-level maps, and uses them for segmenting the X-ray image. To verify the effectiveness of our method, we compared it with the existing 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional Otsu algorithms, and also the results by expert's naked eyes. The experimental result showed that our method achieved the more accurate extraction of pulmonary regions compared to the Otsu methods and showed the similar result as the naked eye's one.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2012

The safety of cosmetics or cosmetic ingredients on human skin is generally evaluated by visual assessment but some early subtle skin changes may not be noticed by the naked eyes. Thus, the present study was conducted to detect skin reactions induced by mildly irritating cosmetic ingredients by using a laser Doppler perfusion imager (LDPI) method that measures blood flow, a $Vapometer^{(R)}$ that measure strans epidermal water loss (TEWL), and a spectrophotometer that measures the skin color as the erythema values ($a^*$). Visual assessment showed that all tested oils and humectants except propylene glycol belong to the low skin irritation ranges (grades 0+ to 2.9+) while all tested surfactants and propylene glycol belong to the moderate-to strong-skin irritation ranges (grades 3+ to 5+). Among three instrumental methods, TEWL assessment appeared to be more sensitive than spectrophotometric or LDPI method and suitable for the detection of subtle skin response invisible to the naked eye (grades 0+ to 2.9+). Skin reactions of grade 3+ to 5+ could be detected by all three instrumental methods. In conclusion, the current study suggested that the sub-clinical skin reactions due to mild irritants contained in cosmetics can be best assessed by TEWL measurements.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.662-670
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• 2016

Purpose. Because of a recent increase in use of soft contact lens at younger ages, in the present study, the correlation between corneal eccentricity and radius of curvature and fitting types of contact lens was investigated. Methods. The study evaluated the fitting status of targets through lens centration, push-up test, dynamic lag test and static lag test of lenses usually worn by 49 men and women (98eyes) in their 20s to 30s who put on soft contact lenses. After evaluation, the subjects were classified into 3 categories by fitting status(steep, aligment and flat). The radius of corneal curvature in the naked eyes was measured by using keratometer. Moreover the corneal eccentricity in the nasal side, temporal side, superior side and inferior side was measured by using the device capable of measuring the corneal eccentricity. Results. The radius of corneal curvature and corneal eccentricity of soft lenses worn by subjects were higher in the order of steep fitting and flat fitting, and the higher average corneal curvature radius and corneal eccentricity is intend to be more steep fitting(p=0.051, p=0.052). The corneal eccentricity showed a tendency to nasal fitting type at the higher eccentricity and temporal fitting type at the smaller eccentricity, statistically significant difference was observed(p<0.05). The study showed there were low correlation that nasal and temporal side at steep fitting, superior side at normal fitting and 4side(nasal, temporal, superior, inferior) at flat fitting, therefore when the corneal eccentricity changed the radius of corneal curvature also changed. The corneal eccentricity and the radius of corneal curvature showed statistically significant difference at 4side and each fitting types(p<0.05). Conclusions. The results of this study, the fitting status, of wearer are based on radius of corneal curvature and corneal eccentricity, and if lens fitting would be done considering that, it seems to be useful in a soft contact lens prescription.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.544-547
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• 2014

In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immuno-chromatographic technique were combined to fabricate immuno-strip sensors for the detection of Legionella pneumophila. The immuno-strip sensor was manufactured with four different membranes. A nitrocellulose membrane was used to immobilize capture antibody and generate signals due to the high affinity to antibodies, and glass fiber membranes were used as a conjugate release pad and a sample application pad. A cellulose membrane was used as an absorption pad to induce sample flow by the capillarity. Colorimetric signals produced by sandwich immuno-reaction and enzyme reaction could be analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively within 30 min. Under the given experimental conditions, sensor signals with L. pneumophila samples were observed qualitatively by naked eyes and measured quantitatively in a range of $1.3{\times}10^3-1.3{\times}10^6CFU/mL$ with a digital camera and home-made image analysis software.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1996

To investigate the alterations of ultrastructure of leaves by acid rain, 10mm of SAR(Simulated Acid Rain, pH 2.0, 2.5, 2.7, 3.0, 6.0) were applied to 4 crops(rice, soybean, barley, and radish) at the two day interval. The symptoms of leaf damage by SAR were observed by naked eyes and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope). The results are summarized as follow: Visible leaf injury were more serious in dicots than monocots such as rice and barley with the order of bean, radish, rice, barley. With the SAR treatment of pH 2.0, histological perturbation of trichome were developed in bean and radish. And with the SAR treatment of pH 2.5, stomata of all tested crops except rice were deshaped.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

In this study, we propose an improvement method that can create U-Net model which detect fine concrete cracks by applying a weighted loss function. Because cracks in concrete are a factor that threatens safety, it is important to periodically check the condition and take prompt initial measures. However, currently, the visual inspection is mainly used in which the inspector directly inspects and evaluates with naked eyes. This has limitations not only in terms of accuracy, but also in terms of cost, time and safety. Accordingly, technologies using deep learning is being researched so that minute cracks generated in concrete structures can be detected quickly and accurately. As a result of attempting crack detection using U-Net in this study, it was confirmed that it could not detect minute cracks. Accordingly, as a result of verifying the performance of the model trained by applying the suggested weighted loss function, a highly reliable value (Accuracy) of 99% or higher and a harmonic average (F1_Score) of 89% to 92% was derived. The performance of the learning improvement plan was verified through the results of accurately and clearly detecting cracks.