• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music training on the characteristics of auditory perception of speech and music. The perception of speech and music stimuli was assessed across their respective stimulus continuum and the resultant plots were compared between musicians and non-musicians. Subjects and Methods: Thirty musicians with formal music training and twenty-seven non-musicians participated in the study (age: 20 to 30 years). They were assessed for identification of consonant-vowel syllables (/da/ to /ga/), vowels (/u/ to /a/), vocal music note (/ri/ to /ga/), and instrumental music note (/ri/ to /ga/) across their respective stimulus continuum. The continua contained 15 tokens with equal step size between any adjacent tokens. The resultant identification scores were plotted against each token and were analyzed for presence of categorical boundary. If the categorical boundary was found, the plots were analyzed by six parameters of categorical perception; for the point of 50% crossover, lower edge of categorical boundary, upper edge of categorical boundary, phoneme boundary width, slope, and intercepts. Results: Overall, the results showed that both speech and music are perceived differently in musicians and non-musicians. In musicians, both speech and music are categorically perceived, while in non-musicians, only speech is perceived categorically. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that music is perceived categorically by musicians, even if the stimulus is devoid of vocal tract features. The findings support that the categorical perception is strongly influenced by training and results are discussed in light of notions of motor theory of speech perception.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music training on the characteristics of auditory perception of speech and music. The perception of speech and music stimuli was assessed across their respective stimulus continuum and the resultant plots were compared between musicians and non-musicians. Subjects and Methods: Thirty musicians with formal music training and twenty-seven non-musicians participated in the study (age: 20 to 30 years). They were assessed for identification of consonant-vowel syllables (/da/ to /ga/), vowels (/u/ to /a/), vocal music note (/ri/ to /ga/), and instrumental music note (/ri/ to /ga/) across their respective stimulus continuum. The continua contained 15 tokens with equal step size between any adjacent tokens. The resultant identification scores were plotted against each token and were analyzed for presence of categorical boundary. If the categorical boundary was found, the plots were analyzed by six parameters of categorical perception; for the point of 50% crossover, lower edge of categorical boundary, upper edge of categorical boundary, phoneme boundary width, slope, and intercepts. Results: Overall, the results showed that both speech and music are perceived differently in musicians and non-musicians. In musicians, both speech and music are categorically perceived, while in non-musicians, only speech is perceived categorically. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that music is perceived categorically by musicians, even if the stimulus is devoid of vocal tract features. The findings support that the categorical perception is strongly influenced by training and results are discussed in light of notions of motor theory of speech perception.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2012

Although music is one of the most important attributes of broadcasting communications, few studies have examined the relationship between background music and the behavior of audiences, particularly in the context of TV home shopping programs, where purchase decisions are made while watching the show. The objective of this study is to examine whether certain characteristics of music in broadcasting communications can affect the audiences' purchase intentions or behaviors. Unlike previous studies on this issue, this study considers the impulse-inducing capability (IIC) of music as an important variable affecting consumers' purchase intension. A 2×3 (high/low involvement and high/low/no IIC music) between subjects design was used for the experiments in the study. The TV home shopping programs in the high or low involvement condition were identical except for the type of background music: high IIC music, low IIC music, and no music. A total of 188 undergraduate students at a college in Seoul, South Korea participated in the study. Their ages range from 20 to 25 (median age = 22), and nearly 60% were male. Our analysis showed that in the low involvement condition, high IIC music was more likely to have a positive effect on purchase intentions than low IIC (common) music or no music did. Meanwhile, there was not any significant relationship between music and purchase intentions in the high involvement condition. Given that previous studies have provided no clear evidence of the effects of music on consumers' purchase intentions or behaviors, this study makes an important contribution to the literature in this field. The result of this study provides implications to the practitioners in the market, too. Marketers need to reevaluate the value of music used in broadcasting communications and pay more attention to find the right music for their campaigns. Limitations of this study as well as directions for future studies are also discussed.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2013

최근 케이팝(K-POP)이 전 세계에서 인기를 얻고 있다. 케이팝 음악은 반복되는 가사와 멜로디를 사용하여 만든 후크송(Hook Song)을 기반으로 하고 있다. 음악의 특징은 단순하고 경쾌한 리듬과 비트감, 따라 부르기 쉬운 멜로디, 흥미로운 노랫말 그리고 멋진 댄스 실력으로 선보이는 군무라고 할 수 있다. 케이팝은 유튜브, 페이스북, 트위터와 같은 다양한 소셜 네트워킹 서비스를 통해 다양한 국가에 확산되고 있다. 케이팝은 디지털 음악 시장이 지배하면서 강한 인상을 줄 수 있는 음악을 만들다보니 음악의 길이가 점점 짧아지는 경향을 보였으며, 60초의 미리 듣기 기능으로 인해 후렴구를 앞에서 사용하는 노래들이 증가하였다. 그러나 음악의 구성과 가사의 의미가 모호해지는 경우가 발생하였고 문제가 제기되었다. 본 논문에서는 케이팝 음악의 특징을 살펴보고, 케이팝에서 사용하고 있는 후크송 음악제작의 세 가지 방향을 제시한다. 마지막으로 싸이의 강남스타일 음악을 본 논문에서 제시한 세 가지 기준으로 비교하였다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.1024-1034
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• 2019

음악에 대한 선호도는 다양한 요소들에 의해 결정되며, 추천의 이유를 보여주는 특성을 발굴하는 것은 음악 추천에 있어 중요하다. 본 논문은 가수 인식 작업을 통해 학습한 모델을 활용하여 다양한 음악적 특성을 반영하는 요소들 중 가수의 목소리 특성을 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 배경음이 포함된 음원 역시 활용할 수 있지만, 음원에 포함된 배경음은 네트워크가 가수의 목소리를 온전하게 인식하는 것을 방해할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 음원 분리를 통해 배경음을 분리하는 사전 작업을 수행하고자 하며, SiSEC에 등장해 검증된 모델 구조를 활용하여 분리된 보컬로 이루어진 데이터 세트를 생성한다. 최종적으로 분리된 보컬을 활용하여 아티스트의 목소리를 반영하는 음색 기반 음악 특성을 발굴하고자 하며, 배경음이 분리되지 않은 음원을 활용한 기존 방법과의 비교를 통해 음원 분리의 효과를 알아보고자 한다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.63-75
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• 2020

이 연구는 유튜브 케이팝 뮤직 비디오의 조회수와 시각적 연출 특성 간의 관계에 대해서 연구한다. 2012년 '강남스타일'의 국제적인 주목을 시작으로 현재까지 전 세계로부터 관심받고 있는 케이팝 뮤직 비디오를 중심으로 분석한다. 직관적으로 드러나지 않는 뮤직 비디오 조회수에 관련한 요소의 실재 여부와 조회수에 영향을 주는 구체적인 요소의 발견 가능성에 대해 의문을 제기한다. 이전 연구는 조회수와 관련된 뮤직 비디오의 요소를 알아내는 데에 있어서 소수의 작품을 중심으로 뮤직 비디오들을 비교하는 연구방법을 선택했기 때문에 중심이 되는 작품에 편향된 결과가 나온다는 한계가 있었다. 따라서, 이 연구는 조회수에 따라 9개의 뮤직 비디오를 3개의 그룹으로 나누고 시각적 연출 특성을 기준으로 분석하여 3개의 그룹 간 차이점 및 각 그룹의 특징을 찾는 것을 목표로 한다. 이 연구는 조회수라는 요소가 주목받고 있는 유튜브 시장 내 뮤직 비디오 분야의 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.231-256
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• 2007

본 연구의 목적은 오늘날 악보자료의 목록을 위해 사용되는 목록규칙의 분석을 통해 악보자료의 목록규칙에 관한 올바른 이해를 돕고, 우리의 악보자료에 대한목록과 목록규칙의 발전을 위한 토대를 마련하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 악보자료의 특성과 종류에 대해 살펴보고 기존의 악보자료에 관련된 목록규칙들을 조사하였다. 그리고 현재 악보자료 목록규칙의 근간을 이루는 ISBD(PM)을 비롯하여, 주요 목록규칙으로 사용되는 AACR2R 2002 Revision 2004 Update 제5장 Music과 KCR4 제5장 악보, 그리고 KORMARC(통합서지용)과 MARC21 (Bibliographic Data)의 악보부문을 대상으로, 악보자료 목록시 다른 자료들과 구별되는 기술영역을 비교 분석하였다. 이들 영역은 기술의 정보원, 표제와 자료유형표시, 악보의 종류에 관한 사항, 발행사항, 형태사항, 주기사항 등에서의 특징과제문제 등이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6537-6540
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• 2013

Background: Music therapy is a common complementary and alternative therapy in addition to medical treatment for patients with cancer. If music therapy, which is known has a positive effect on human emotions and behaviors, is a useful additional therapy, it should be more integrated into pyscho-oncology. In this study, we aimed to determine medical oncologist attitudes to music therapy for patients with cancer and knowledge about musicology and music therapy in Turkey. Materials and Methods: This survey study included questions about participant attitudes and knowledge regarding music therapy as well as demographic characteristics. The population of the study were 402 physicians working in medical oncology in Turkey and the sample covered 112 participants in the the survey. For statistical analyses the chi-square test, Fischer exact test, and Mann-Whitney U analysis are applied. Results: In our study the rate for medical oncologists who were interested in music therapy was 28% (n=112). Some 30% (n=34) of medical oncologists recommended music therapy for their patients and 55% (n=61) recommended music therapy to prevent anxiety in patients with cancer. Conclusions: In this study, for more harmony with patients and in order to ensure management of adverse effect, it was concluded that music therapy should be regrded as an additional therapy in oncology clinics.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.354-365
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• 2014

This study investigates the positioning of emotional language imagesin popular music genres for developing textile print design ideas. Auditory and synaesthetic imagery were employed to deduct emotional language imageries from popular music genres and analyze differences in emotional language imageries according to popular music genres. Six genres of popular music were selected as stimulus and a survey was conducted to analyze emotional language imagery differences and similarities depending on popular music genres. The results of this study were: The results of the factor analysis and the reliability test on emotional language imagery showed factorial structures that include Lyrical-Feminine, Intense-Masculine, Euphoric-Active, Gloomy-Melancholy, Abstruse-Sophisticated, and Addictive-Continuous. The results of the mean scores of emotional language imagery of each popular music genre showed that respondents tended to perceive that ballad and new age music are similar and hip-hop & rap, dance, and metal-rock are similar. Based on the multidimensional scaling analysis, new age positioned Lyrical-Feminine, metal-rock positioned Intense-Masculine, dance music positioned Euphoric-Active, and ballad positioned Gloomy-Melancholy. This study provides elementary resources to inspire innovative textile prints designed through different characteristics of emotional language imagery according to each popular music genre.

• 음성과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.165-177
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• 2004

Western singers voice have been studied in music science since the early 20th century. However, Korean traditional singers voice have not yet been studied scientifically. This study is to find the physiological and acoustic characteristics of Pansori singers voices. Western singers participated for comparative purposes. Ten western singers and ten Pansori singers participated in this study. The subjects spoke and sung seven simple vowels /a, e, i, o, u, c, w/. An analysis of Glottal image was done by Scope View and acoustic characteristics of speech and singing voice were analyzed by CSL. The results are as follows: (1) Glottal gestures of Pansori singers showed asymmetric vocal folds. (2) Singing vowel formants of Pansori singers showed breathiness based on Spectrogram. (3) Music formant of western singers appeared in around 3kHz area, however, Pansori singers formant appeared in low frequency area. Modulation of vibrato showed 6 frequency per sec in case of western singers. Pansori singers showed no deep modulation of vibrato on spectrogram.