• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.104-107
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose the coordination scheme in a single-manufacturer-multiple-retailer supply chain system. Traditionally, the bargaining power of the single manufacturer is superior to those of retailers. The business environment supported by the e-business scheme may give rise to new business behavior. The multitude of retailer requests the manufacturer to relax the his unilateral lot-sizing policy while they are willing to compensate more than the manufacturer's expected loss caused by abandon his superior bargaining power. The side payment aggregated by the multiple retailers is transferred to the manufacturer according to the degree of the manufacturer's relaxation from the current unilateral lot-sizing policy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.307-312
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• 2004

In our fast-moving information and knowledge society, skills and know-how rapidly become outdated. Virtual learning environments play a key role in meeting today's growing demand for customized educational and vocational training and lift-long teaming. The scope of multimedia-based and web-supported education is illustrated by means of an interdisciplinary multimedia project 'New Statistics' funded by the German government. The project output contains more than 70 learning modules covering the complete curriculum of an introductory statistics course. All modules are based on a statistical laboratory and on a multitude of Java applets, animations and case studies. The paper focuses on presenting the statistical laboratory and the applets. These components present the main project pillars and are particularly suitable for international use, independently from the original project framework. This article also demonstrates the application of Java applets and other multimedia developments from the educational world to official statistics for interactive presentation of statistical information.

• IE interfaces
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.126-138
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• 2010

Marine equipment makers today face a multitude of challenges including the needs of an internal system for easy management of their business processes and a collaboration system to streamline communications with the parent company, increasing product complexity and heightened requirements for information technology. In this research, a BPM-ERP system called Biz $Tower^{(R)}$ was implemented based on cloud computing for especially, small and medium marine equipment makers to standardize and visualize the entire business process from order placement to release. This system also provides their parent company with visibility into the status of orders and user can easily access the system on the web at a low price through cloud computing service. Thus far, this paper demonstrates the applicability of Biz $Tower^{(R)}$ to improve management visibility, process performance, and collaboration with the parent company for small and medium marine equipment makers.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1249-1253
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• 2007

Experimental studies on the fabrication of sub-30 nm nanofibers using weakly two-photon induced photopolymerized region have been carried out. For the generation of nanofibers inside or outside microstructures, an over-polymerizing method involving a long exposure technique (LET) was proposed. Such nanofibers can find meaningful applications as bio-filters, mixers, and many other uses in diverse research field. A multitude of nanofibers with a notably high resolution (about 22 nm) in two-photon polymerization was achieved using the LET. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the LET can be employed for the direct fabrication of various embossing patterns by controlling the exposure duration and the interval between voxels. Thin interconnecting networks are formed regularly in the boundary of the over-polymerized region, which allows for the creation of various pattern shapes. Overall of this work, some patterns including nanofibers are fabricated by the LET.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.26-43
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• 2017

Endocytosis is a process by which cells absorb extracellular materials via the inward budding of vesicles formed from the plasma membrane. Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a highly selective process where receptors with specific binding sites for extracellular molecules internalize via vesicles. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest single family of plasma-membrane receptors with more than 1000 family members. But the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of GPCRs are believed to be highly conserved. For example, receptor phosphorylation in collaboration with ${\beta}$-arrestins plays major roles in desensitization and endocytosis of most GPCRs. Nevertheless, a number of subsequent studies showed that GPCR regulation, such as that by endocytosis, occurs through various pathways with a multitude of cellular components and processes. This review focused on i) functional interactions between homologous and heterologous pathways, ii) methodologies applied for determining receptor endocytosis, iii) experimental tools to determine specific endocytic routes, iv) roles of small guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins in GPCR endocytosis, and v) role of post-translational modification of the receptors in endocytosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.291-294
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• 2003

Ring chromosome 21 causes a multitude of phenotypes, ranging from severe abnormalities to normal. The proposed mechanism of ring formation, breakage of both short and long arms of a chromosome with subsequent end to end fusion, remains unproven. We encountered a 4-year-old boy who presented developmental delay, microcephaly, micrognathia, hypertelorism, low-set ears, mild optic nerve hypoplasia, cleft lip and palate, scoliosis and left foot valgus, but normal brain MRI. Chromosome study from peripheral blood showed 46,XY, r(21)(p11.2q22.1) karyotype. The authors report the first case of ring chromosome 21 in Korea with a review of the literature.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.569-608
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• 1994

The subject matter of this survey has to do with holomorphic maps from a compact Riemann surface to projective space, which are also called algebrac curves; the theory we survey lies at the crossroads of function theory, projective geometry, and commutative algebra (although we should mention that the present survey de-emphasizes the algebraic aspect). Algebraic curves have been vigorously and continuously investigated since the time of Riemann. The reasons for the preoccupation with algebraic curves amongst mathematicians perhaps have to do with-other than the usual usual reason, namely, the herd mentality prompting us to follow the leads of a few great pioneering methematicians in the field-the fact that algebraic curves possess a certain simple unity together with a rich and complex structure. From a differential-topological standpoint algebraic curves are quite simple as they are neatly parameterized by a single discrete invariant, the genus. Even the possible complex structures of a fixed genus curve afford a fairly complete description. Yet there are a multitude of diverse perspectives (algebraic, function theoretic, and geometric) often coalescing to yield a spectacular result.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.51 no.8
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• pp.475-481
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• 2002

In this paper the new converter topology using single-Phase full bridge inverter for the switched reluctance motor drives is proposed. The proposed SRM drives are supplied by the AC pulse voltage source, while the conventional drives are supplied by the DC voltage source. Speed of the SRM is controlled by adjusting the frequency and the multitude of output current of inverter. The SRM using the proposed converter reduces the switching loss and the machine core loss, and has ability to pre-regulate the input voltage. The total number of power switches become fewer than another topology as a number of stator poles becomes more. Power circuit of an inverter is simpler and its volume is smaller because the module device involving several switches is used as an inverter.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.230-239
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• 2012

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an enzyme that is predominantly expressed in germinal center B cells and plays a pivotal role in immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation for antibody (Ab) maturation. These two genetic processes endow Abs with protective functions against a multitude of antigens (pathogens) during humoral immune responses. In B cells, AID expression is regulated at the level of either transcriptional activation on AID gene loci or post-transcriptional suppression of AID mRNA. Furthermore, AID stabilization and targeting are determined by post-translational modifications and interactions with other cellular/nuclear factors. On the other hand, aberrant expression of AID causes B cell leukemias and lymphomas, including Burkitt's lymphoma caused by c-myc/IgH translocation. AID is also ectopically expressed in T cells and non-immune cells, and triggers point mutations in relevant DNA loci, resulting in tumorigenesis. Here, I review the recent literatures on the function of AID, regulation of AID expression, stability and targeting in B cells, and AID-related tumor formation.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2010

A multitude of overlay network designs for resilient routing, multicasting, quality of service, content distribution, storage, and object location have been proposed. Overlay networks offer several attractive features, including ease of deployment, flexibility, adaptivity, and an infrastructure for collaboration among hosts. In this paper, we explore cooperation among co-existing, possibly heterogeneous, overlay networks. We discuss a spectrum of cooperative forwarding and information sharing services, and investigate the associated scalability, heterogeneity, and security problems. Motivated by these services, we design Synergy, a utility-based overlay internetworking architecture that fosters overlay cooperation. Our architecture promotes fair peering relationships to achieve synergism. Results from Internet experiments with cooperative forwarding overlays indicate that our Synergy prototype improves delay, throughput, and loss performance, while maintaining the autonomy and heterogeneity of individual overlay networks.