• 한국시뮬레이션학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국시뮬레이션학회 1994년도 추계학술발표회 및 정기총회
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• pp.1-2
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• 1994

With the prevalence of computers in modern organizations, simulation is receiving more atention as an effectvie decision -making tool. Simualtion is a computer-based numerical technique which uses mathmatical and logical models to approximate the behaviror of a real-world system. However, iptimization of synamic stochastic systems often defy analytical and algorithmic soluions. Although a simulation approach is often free fo the liminting assumption s of mathematical modeling, cost and time consiceration s make simulation the henayst's last resort. Therefore, whenever possible, analytical and algorithmica solutions are favored over simulation. This paper discussed the issues and procedrues for using simulation as a tool for optimization of stochastic complex systems that are dmodeled by computer simulation . Its emphasis is mostly on issues that are speicific to simulation optimization instead of consentrating on the general optimizationand mathematical programming techniques . A simulation optimization problem is an optimization problem where the objective function. constraints, or both are response that can only be evauated by computer simulation. As such, these functions are only implicit functions of decision parameters of the system, and often stochastic in nature as well. Most of optimization techniqes can be classified as single or multiple-resoneses techniques . The optimization of single response functins has been researched extensively and consists of many techniques. In the single response category, these strategies are gradient based search techniques, stochastic approximate techniques, response surface techniques, and heuristic search techniques. In the multiple response categroy, there are basically five distinct strategies for treating the responses and finding the optimum solution. These strategies are graphica techniqes, direct search techniques, constrained optimization techniques, unconstrained optimization techniques, and goal programming techniques. The choice of theprocedreu to employ in simulation optimization depends on the analyst and the problem to be solved. For many practival and industrial optimization problems where some or all of the system components are stochastic, the objective functions cannot be represented analytically. Therefore, modeling by computersimulation is one of the most effective means of studying such complex systems. In this paper, after discussion of simulation optmization techniques, the applications of above techniques will be presented in the modeling process of many flexible manufacturing systems.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.99-116
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• 2001

Testing is a procedure used to measure a sample of behaviour in order to discover how well a seafarer performs, usually in comparison with others, or compared with identified performance criteria. In this context It is important that the test, in whatever form it is being used, yields consistent results by being valid, reliable and practical. Whilst we can only take a sample of a person's knowledge or comprehension about topic in this way, testing methods do provide a more reliable estimate of performance than most other observational techniques; unsystematic or irregular observation being too unreliable. The method of examination has been specified in the provisions of Regulation 12 of the Decree of the ship officers act as followings. Other necessary matters for conducting oral and written examinations have been set out by the Minister. But written examination is too shortage of period and small number of question to cover the qualification of each level and oral test is just simple and namely Traditionally, written examinations have been provided as the only means for determining the acquisition of knowledge by the mariner. Typically, the examination formats have taken the format of either an essay or multiple choice examinations. Essay items, used in the vast majority of subject examination(not in Korea), consisted of three basic types: situational, descriptive and computational. The level of certificate being examined determined the number and mix of the type of essay questions selected. Oral question has again been used by assessors of seafarer in a wide variety of contexts. Also, oral questioning is often used when observation of performance is undertaken to ask why a certain action has been taken, or to be broaden the scope of what has been observed. At end, Each techniques have their own advantage and disadvantage, so we have to choose some or all of the following techniques, depending upon the certificate, qualification or job for which the trainee is aiming. But in high lank, we have to use both of essay type and multiple choice and with enough time of oral test at least 30 minutes. Who would be the assessor? According to the STCW Code Section A-I/6, instructors, supervisor and assessors are appropriately qualified for particular types and levels of training or assessment of competence of seafarers either on board or ashore, as required under the Convention, in accordance with the provisions of this section.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.273-286
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for assessing the attitude and the knowledge level of elementary school in-service and pre-service teachers' on the modem environmental issues, and to implement it. The results of this study could be summarized as following. First, the instrument for attitude was developed as a Likert-type scale, it was constituted of 30 items through the item-chosen processes to improve the validity and reliability. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the attitude instrument was .899. Second, The instrument for knowledge was developed as a multiple-choice form with 와 distracts, and the final version was constituted of 35 items. The average discrimination, difficulty, and Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the items were .367, .629, .899, respectively. Third, in-service elementary teachers have been thinking about the modern environmental problems more seriously than pre-service teachers. However, in-service teachers 'knowledge level was lower than pre-service teachers'. Fourth, women have been thinking about the modern environmental problems more seriously than men. However, there was no difference significantly between men and women on knowledge level. Fifth, This process of developing the instrument could be provided as a model for future research which will try to develop instruments for assessing attitude or knowledge of any new areas with constructs.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.289-298
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• 2001

분자 수준의 그림과 4단계 문제 해결 전략을 제시한 후 해결자 청취자 활동을 통해 문제 해결 과정을 점검하도록 한 교수 방법의 효과를 조사하였다. 고등학교 4학급(191명)을 선정하여 개별적으로 전략을 사용하는 집단(St; Strategy), 해결자 청취자 활동을 하는 집단(SL; Solver' Listener), 전략을 사용하며 해결자 청취자 활동을 하는 집단 (St-SL; Strategy-Solver' Listener), 그리고 통제 집단으로 무선 배치하였다. 전략 수행 능력 검사에서 St-SL 집단의 점수가 통제 집단에 비하여 유의미하게 높았으나, 객관식 문제 해결력 검사에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 전략 수행 능력 검사의 하위 범주들에서는 문제의 조건을 파악하거나 올바른 물리량을 유도해내는 능력은 향상된 데에 비하여, 하위 목표를 설정하거나 해결 과정을 검토하는 능력은 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 전략에 대한 선호도는 St 집단보다 St-SL 집단에서 보다 긍정적인 것으로 조사되었다.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of a mother when getting the information from the child care web sites. The subjects of this study were collected through on-line and off-line and constituted of 157 mothers who had neonates and infancy. All the mothers could use the internet. On-line subjects were 135 mothers who were the members of "Child Rearing" circle of internet portal site, Daum (www.daum.net) and off-line subjects were 22 mothers who visited the pediatric outpatient department. The instrument had 15 items about needs for information of the child care web sites. 12 items were multiple choice-questions and 3 items were open questions. In data analysis, SPSSWIN 10.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics. The results were as follows. 1. The most useful web content that mothers represented was food and nutrition(24.4%) and the other rated as following order; growth and development(21.1%), supports among parents(16.8%). 2. The most great web problem that mothers represented was depth of content(43 people) and the other rated as following order; objectivity, specialty and reliability of content(29 people), no problems (23 people), too much advertisements(17 people), obligation on member(4 people). 3. Mothers represented the highest information needs about play and education(65 people) and the other rated as following order; nutrition(44 people), managements of common health problems(39 people), experiences of other parents(10 people), child caring methods (38 people), exchanges of things(7 people). 4. Mothers represented the highest consultation needs about common health problem (62 people) and the other rated as following order; growth and activity(60 people), play and education(30 people), nutrition(22 people), child caring methods(9 people).

• 한국어교육
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.169-201
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to analyze the problems of the way of the 32th TOPIK(advanced)'s management for the disabled examinee and to prescribe the management of the TOPIK for them. Since the TOPIK started in 1997, the number of examinee who take it as a qualifying exam for the university entrance have gradually increased. The first disabled examinee who wants to use the result of the TOPIK for entrance into the post graduated university took the 32th TOPIK(advanced level). However, there was no examination regulations and detailed management method for the disabled. The biggest problem was the examinee could not have braille test and answer. The exam supervisor read all that is printed on the test sheet. It caused two big problems. 1) The essay question in writing test became an oral test. 2) The strategies of answering to multiple choice questions could not be used in vocabulary/grammar, writing, listening, and specially reading section. The first problem is occurred because writing and speaking have different cognitive process. The second one can be strongly related to the result in reading section. Above all, these disrupt accurate assessment of the examinee's writing and reading achievement. Therefore, this research insists the TOPIK needs to have the regulation and prescribe the management for the disabled. This research suggests 5 regulations for the blind examinee which covers the test time, supervisor, place and request of the examinee. These refer to the regulation for the disable in the other tests, such as the college scholarship ability test, TOEFL, TEPS, and a civil service exam.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.100-117
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• 2003

Background In Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM), human beings are classified into four constitutions: Taeyangin, Taewnin, Soyangin, and Soeumin. SCM presents various lifestyles and treatments for each constitution. The problem of SCM is that its diagnosis is so subjective that the result of the diagnosis depends on the doctor. In order to solve this problem, multiple approaches have been objectively researched. To use a questionnaire is the most common method among the different approaches. Since there are a few problems in the Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II (QSCC II), which in recent days has been used frequently, the necessity of a new questionnaire has arisen. Objective The purpose of this study is to develop a new questionnaire for the objectivity of the Sasang Constitution Classification by complementing the existing questionnaire. Methods In order to search for the existing questionnaire's problems, I first compare the ratio of the amount of questions regarding external appearance to that of questions of mental characteristics and physiologic & pathologic symptoms in QSCCII and QSCCII +. We created the new questionnaires by reinterpreting ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Soose $Bowon{\lrcorner}$ through SCM professors' and medical residents' discussion and by adding some items related to the diagnosis about the constitution from other SCM books and clinical experience. Results 1. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification is self-reported questionnaire based on a multiple choice system of 4 questions. 2. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification consists of 28 questions, which include 7 questions about external appearance, 4 questions about mental characteristics, and 17 questions about physiologic & pathologic symptoms. 3. The new questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification consists of 24 questions of Taeyangin, 28 of Taeumin, 28 of Soyongin, 28 of Soeumin. 4. We will have to verify validity and reliability of new questionnaire for rhe Sasang Constitution Classification.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

현재 우리나라에서는 심각한 교통 혼잡문제와 도시 환경문제를 해결하고자 자전거 이용 활성화 정책을 추진하고 있다. 그러나 정부의 이러한 정책에도 불구하고, 자전거 이용자들은 여전히 자전거를 이용하는데 불편을 느끼고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이용자 중심의 자전거도로 서비스수준 모형을 개발하여 기존의 가전거도로 및 시설을 이용자 입장에서 평가하고 개선하는데 활용하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 실제 자전거 이용자들이 자전거도로를 이용하면서 느끼는 만족도로 자전거도로의 서비스수준을 정의하였다. 분석모형은 순차적 의미를 주는 선택, 선호와 관련된 분석에 적합한 순서형 프로빗 모형을 이용하였다. 또한, 자전거도로의 서비스수준은 실제 이용자들이 구별할 수 있는 수준인 3개(A~C) 범위로 정의하였다. 분석 결과, 이용자 중심의 자전거도로 서비스수준은 자전거도로 폭, 자전거도로축의 진 출입로 수, 자전거도로 유형, 보행자교통량, 대면횟수 순으로 정의되었다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2010

의사결정 및 우선순위 결정에 있어 가장 중요한 점은 서로 다른 평가 기준에 따라 판단해야 할 속성의 상대적 중요성을 나타내는 가중치의 결정에 있다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 기존의 가중치 결정 방법들을 동시에 고려하는 새로운 기법을 제안하였다. 이를 위하여 대표적인 7가지 가중치 산정방법과 다기준의사결정 기법의 하나인 거리척도 기반의 Utopian Approach를 결합한 Weighted Utopian Approach를 제안하였다. 제안된 기법은 다양한 특성을 가진 가중치 도출 기법을 고려하여 다기준 의사결정기법의 대표성과 보편성을 동시에 달성할 수 있는 장점을 가진다. 또한 최종 의사결정자들에게 최종 결과 뿐 만 아니라, 각 가중치 산정 방법별 결과를 제시하여 상황에 따른 대안 선택의 폭을 넓힐 수 있다. 본 모형을 가상의 공학문제에 적용한 결과, 보다 객관적인 의사결정 및 우선순위를 산정할 수 있었으며, 계산과정이 단순하여 실무 적용성이 우수하다고 판단되었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.696-705
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 우리나라 중학교 학생들의 상관논리 형성정도와 그 유형을 알아보고, 상관논리 활동을 통하여 학생들의 상관논리에 어떤 변화가 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 중학교 2학년 학생 111명을 실험집단으로, 55명을 통제집단으로 선정하였다. 사전 검사에서는 두 집단 모두 상관논리의 형성률이 낮았으며, 집단간 차이는 없었다. 사후 검사에서는 실험집단의 상관논리 형성률이 유의미하게 증가하였으며, 통제집단의 경우는 사전 검사와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 상관논리 활동이 상관논리 형성에 도움이 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 사후 검사에서도 실험집단의 정답률이 객관식 문항에서는 27%, 서술형 문항에서는 6% 정도로 나타나 상관논리가 완전히 형성된 학생들의 비율은 상당히 낮은 것으로 나타났다.