• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.1425-1432
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• 2024

This study analyzed the effects of Ca²⁺ metal ions among culture medium components on the Chlorella sorokiniana strain DSCG150 strain cell growth. The C. sorokiniana strain DSCG150 grew based on a multiple fission cell cycle and growth became stagnant in the absence of metal ions in the medium, particularly Ca²⁺. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopic image analysis results showed that in the absence of Ca²⁺, cell growth became stagnant as the cells accumulated into four autospores and could not transform into daughter cells. Genetic analysis showed that the absence of Ca²⁺ caused upregulation of calmodulin (calA) and cell division control protein 2 (CDC2_1) genes, and downregulation of origin of replication complex subunit 6 (ORC6) and dual specificity protein phosphatase CDC14A (CDC14A) genes. Analysis of gene expression patterns by qRT-PCR showed that the absence of Ca²⁺ did not affect cell cycle progression up to 4n autospore, but it inhibited Chlorella cell fission (liberation of autospores). The addition of Ca²⁺ to cells cultivated in the absence of Ca²⁺ resulted in an increase in n cell population, leading to the resumption of C. sorokiniana growth. These findings suggest that Ca²⁺ plays a crucial role in the fission process in Chlorella.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2005

점박이송사리, Rivulus marmoratus에서 기원된 16개의 ${\beta}-actin$ 유전자의 염기서열 분석 결과 1,764~1,769 bp 범위를 가지는 ${\beta}-actin$ 유전자를 분리하였다. 이는 기존에 보고된 점박이송사리 ${\beta}-actin$ 유전자와 exon 1 및 intron 2지역에서 다소의 차이를 보여 우리는 이를 점박이송사리 ${\beta}-actin$ 2 유전자라 명명하였다. Multiple alignment를 이용하여 유전자 서로간의 차이를 비교한 결과, 점박이송사리 ${\beta}-actin$ 유전자는 variation을 볼 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 점박이송사리에 있어 ${\beta}-actin$ 유전자의 종내 변이 (intraspecific variation)를 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 1985

이모작재배에 적합한 극조숙 양질 다수성 소맥품종육성을 위하여 등수기간에 관여하는 유전자 작용에 대한 연구는 매우 중요하다. 추파성품종 Yam-hill과 Hyslop, 춘파성품종 Red Bobs와 Siete Cellos를 사용하여 4 $\times$ 4 complete diallel crosses F$_1$, F$_2$, BC$_1$ 및 BC$_2$를 작성, Jinks-Hay-man model를 이용하여 등숙기간에 관여하는 유전자 작용을 분석하였다. 본 시험은 오레곤 주립대학교에서 실시되었다. 그 결과의 개요는 다음과 같다. 전등숙기간인 출수에서 생리적 성숙기까지의 기간과 출수에서 개화까지의 기간에서 maternal effect 가 인정되지 않았으며 비대립유전자간 상호작용도 발현되지 않았다. 개화에서 생리적 성숙기까지의 기간에서는 비대립유전자간에 상호작용이 인정되었다. 춘파성 품종인 Red Bobs와 Siete Cellos는 전등숙기간과 출수에서 개화까지의 기간을 지배하는 우성유전자들을 가지고 있었으며 짧은 쪽에 비하여 긴쪽이 우성으로 발현되고 있었다. 대조적으로 추파성 품종인 Yamhill 과 Hyslop은 개화에서 생리적 성숙기까지의 기간을 지배하는 우성유전자들을 가지고 있었으며 긴쪽이 우성으로 작용하고 있었다. 그리고 이 유전자들은 문배친들간에 독립적으로 분포되어 있었다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2005

Thioacetamide (TA) is potent haptotoxincant that requires metabolic activation by mixed-function oxidases. Micrcarray technology, which is massive parallel gene expression profiling in a single hybridization experiment, has provided as a powerful molecular genetic tool for biological system related toxicant. In this study we focus on the use of toxicogenomics for the determination of gene expression analysis associated with hepatotoxicity in rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344 (WB). The WB cells was used to assess the toxic effects of TA. WB cells were exposed to two concentrations of TA-doses which caused 20% and 50% cell death were chosen and the cells exposed for periods of 2 and 24 h. Our data revealed that following the 2-h exposure at the both of doses and 24-h exposure at the low doses, few changes in gene expression were detected. However, after 24-h exposure of the cells to the high concentration, multiple changes in gene expression were observed. TA treatment gave rise predominantly to up-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle and cell death, but down-regulation of genes involves in cell adhesion and calcium ion binding. Exposure of WB cells to higher doses of the TA gave rise to more changes in gene expression at lower exposure times. These results show that TA regulates expression of numerous genes via direct molecular signaling mechanisms in liver cells.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.79.2-80
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• 2003

To better understand plant defense responses against pathogen attack, we identified the transcription factor-encoding genes in the hot pepper Capsicum annuum that show altered expression patterns during the hypersensitive response raised by challenge with bacterial pathogens. One of these genes, Ca1244, was characterized further. This gene encodes a plant-specific Type IIIA - zinc finger protein that contains two Cys$_2$His$_2$zinc fingers. Ca1244 expression is rapidly and specifically induced when pepper plants are challenged with bacterial pathogens to which they are resistant. In contrast, challenge with a pathogen to which the plants are susceptible only generates weak Ca1244 expression. Ca1244 expression is also strongly induced in pepper leaves by the exogenous application of ethephon, an ethylene releasing compound. Whereas, salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate had moderate effects. Pepper protoplasts expressing a Ca1244-smGFP fusion protein showed Ca1244 localizes in the nucleus. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing Ca1244 driven by the CaMV 355 promoter show increased resistance to challenge with a tobacco-specific bacterial pathogen. These plants also showed constitutive upregulation of the expression of multiple defense-related genes. These observations provide the first evidence that an Type IIIA - zinc finger protein, Ca1244, plays a crucial role in the activation of the pathogen defense response in plants.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by formation of multiple fluid-filled cysts that expand over time and destroy renal architecture. The proteins encoded by the $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ genes, mutations in which account for nearly all cases of ADPKD, may help guard against cystogenesis. Previously developed mouse models of $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ demonstrated an embryonic lethal phenotype and massive cyst formation in the kidney, indicating that $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ probably play important roles during normal renal tubular development. However, their precise role in development and the cellular mechanisms of cyst formation induced by $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ mutations are not fully understood. To address this question, we presently created $Pkd2$ knockout and $PKD2$ transgenic mouse embryo fibroblasts. We used a mouse oligonucleotide microarray to identify messenger RNAs whose expression was altered by the overexpression of the $PKD2$ or knockout of the $Pkd2$. The majority of identified mutations was involved in critical biological processes, such as metabolism, transcription, cell adhesion, cell cycle, and signal transduction. Herein, we confirmed differential expressions of several genes including aquaporin-1, according to different $PKD2$ expression levels in ADPKD mouse models, through microarray analysis. These data may be helpful in $PKD2$-related mechanisms of ADPKD pathogenesis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.1057-1062
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• 2004

The entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely used biopesticide. Insecticidal proteins, coded by genes located in plasmids, form typical parasporal, crystalline inclusions during sporulation. We isolated a Bacillus thuringiensis strain having insecticidal activity against larvae of the house fly (M. domestica) from the soils at a pig farm in Korea, and named it Bacillus thuringiensis SM. The culture filtrate from Bacillus thuringiensis SM showed strong lethality (83.3%) against M. domestica larvae. The parasporal crystal is enclosed within the spores' outermost envelope, as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and exhibited a bipyramidal form. The crystal proteins of strain SM consisted of five proteins with molecular weights of approximately ~130, ~80, ~68, ~42, and ~27 kDa on a 10% SDS-PAGE (major band, a size characteristic of Cry protein). Examination of antibiotic resistance revealed that the strain SM showed multiple resistant. The strain SM had at least three different plasmids with sizes of 6.6, 9.3, and 54 kb. Polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) revealed the presence of cry1, cry4A2, and cry11A1 genes in the strain SM. The cry1 gene profile of the strain SM appeared in the three respective products of 487 bp [cry1A(c)], 414 bp [cry1D], and 238 bp [cry1A(b)]. However, the strain SM has not shown the cry4A2 md cry11A1 genes. In in vivo toxicity assays, the strain SM showed high toxicity on fly larvae (M. domestic) [with $LC_{50}$ of 4.2 mg/ml, $LC_{90}$ of 8.2 mg/ml].

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.355-358
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• 2013

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disease with a distinctive dysmorphic face, intellectual disability, and multiple congenital abnormalities. KS is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. As the primary cause of KS, MLL2 mutations have been identified in 56-76% of affected individuals who have been tested, suggesting that there may be additional genes associated with KS. Recently, a few KS individuals have been found to have de novo partial or complete deletions of an X chromosome gene, KDM6A, which encodes a histone demethylase that interacts with MLL2. Nevertheless, mutations in MLL2 are the major cause of KS. Although there are a few reports of KS patients in Korea, none of these had been confirmed by genetic analysis. Here, we report a case of a Korean patient with clinical features of KS. Using direct sequencing, we identified a frameshift heterozygous mutation for MLL2 : (c.5256_5257delGA;p.Lys1753Alafs$^*34$). Clinically, the patient presented with typical facial features, and diagnosis of KS was based on the diagnostic criteria. While KS is a rare disease, other malformations that overlap with those found in individuals with KS are common. Hence, the diagnosis of KS by mutational analysis can be a valuable method for patients with KS-like syndromes. Furthermore, in the near future, other genes could be identified in patients with KS without a detectable MLL2 mutation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2015

A Sulfolobus-E. coli shuttle vector for an efficient expression of the target gene in S. acidocaldarius strain was constructed. The plasmid-based vector pSM21 and its derivative pSM21N were generated based on the pUC18 and Sulfolobus cryptic plasmid pRN1. They carried the S. solfataricus P2 pyrEF gene for the selection marker, a multiple cloning site (MCS) with C-terminal histidine tag, and a constitutive promoter of the S. acidocaldarius gdhA gene for strong expression of the target gene, as well as the pBR322 origin and ampicillin-resistant gene for E. coli propagation. The advantage of pSM21 over other Sulfolobus shuttle vectors is that it contains a MCS and a histidine tag for the simple and easy cloning of a target gene as well as one-step purification by histidine affinity chromatography. For successful expression of the foreign genes, two genes from archaeal origins (PH0193 and Ta0298) were cloned into pSM21N and the functional expression was examined by enzyme activity assay. The recombinant PH0193 was successfully expressed under the control of the gdhA promoter and purified from the cultures by His-tag affinity chromatography. The yield was approximately 1 mg of protein per liter of cultures. The enzyme activity measurements of PH0913 and Ta0298 revealed that both proteins were expressed as an active form in S. acidocaldarius. These results indicate that the pSM21N shuttle vector can be used for the functional expression of foreign archaeal genes that form insoluble aggregates in the E. coli system.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1975

Multiple-unit classification maze를 使用하여 走光性行動에 關한 positive와 negative의 directional selection을 15世代동안 행하였다. 方向性 選拔에 의해 얻어진 兩系統의 遺傳的 構造를 알기위해 第2 染色體上에 위치한 致死遺傳子의 頻度를 調査하고 이들 有害遺傳子와 走光性行動과의 相關關係를 考察했다. 走光性에 對한 positive와 negative의 選拔 果는 初期부터 反應이 나타나 選拔後 第10世代동안의 realized heritaability는 positiver系統과 negative 系統이 각각 3.08%와 2.86%로 算定되었다. 第2 染色體의 有害遺傳子(lethal and semi-lethal)는 positive(43%)系統이 negative(18%)系統보다 훨씬 높은 빈도였다. 한편 無選拔 系統(27%)은 兩選拔 系統의 중간빈도였다. positive 走光性 遺傳子와 有害遺傳子의 相關關係는 각 選拔系統에서 축출한 2量 劣性 致死遺傳子($1_i/1_j$)에서도 확인하였다. 본 實驗의 결과로 走光性行動의 選拔에 의해 얻어진 positive polygene과 有害遺傳子 polygene과에 어떤 linkage의 相關關係가 존재한다고 사료된다.