• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.677-691
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• 2016

To assess South Korean commercial tomato cultivars, regular and cherry tomato cultivars were grown in the greenhouse and evaluated for color attributes, titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, carotenoids (lycopene and ${\beta}$-carotene), total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity. Significant differences (p < 0.05 using Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT)) were observed in the levels of most phytochemicals, quality parameters, and antioxidant activity among the twenty South Korean tomato cultivars tested. Lycopene and ${\beta}$-carotene contents varied significantly (p < 0.05 using DMRT), from $0.95mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ to $5.12mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ and $0.65mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ to $3.56mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ of fresh weight, respectively. ${\beta}$-carotene contents exhibited the highest genetic variation (59.2%), followed by naringenin (52.8%) and other phytochemicals. Most of the cherry tomato cultivars had statistically higher levels (p < 0.05 using DMRT) of carotenoids, phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, and antioxidant activity compared to the regular tomato varieties, suggesting their higher nutritional value. Lycopene content was highest in the cultivars YoYo, Jicored, Titi-Chal, TY-Endorphin, and Rubyking. Cultivars Rubyking, TY-Endorphin, and Titi-Chal also showed relatively higher antioxidant activities in three assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. All the antioxidants, except luteolin, were positively correlated with antioxidant activities; the highest correlation was observed between total phenol and antioxidant activities, followed by the correlation between rutin and vitamin C. Cultivars identified to have superior nutritional status would be useful in tomato breeding programs to further improve quality and health benefits of tomatoes for the fresh and processed markets.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2009

The Arabidopsis gene AtLEC (At3g15356) gene encodes a putative 30-kDa protein with a legume lectin-like domain. Likely to classic legume lectin family of genes, AtLEC is expressed in rosette leaves, primary inflorescences, and roots, as observed in Northern blot analysis. The accumulation of AtLEC transcript is induced very rapidly, within 30 min, by chitin, a fungal wall-derived oligosaccharide elictor of the plant defense response. Transgenic Arabidopsis carrying an AtLEC promoter-driven ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) construct exhibited GUS activity in the leaf veins, secondary inflorescences, carpel heads, and silique receptacles, in which no expression could be seen in Northern blot analysis. This observation suggests that AtLEC expression is induced transiently and locally during developmental processes in the absence of an external signal such as chitin. In addition, mechanically wounded sites showed strong GUS activity, indicating that the AtLEC promoter responds to jasmonate. Indeed, methyl jasmonate and ethylene exposure induced AtLEC expression within 3-6 h. Thus, the gene appears to play a role in the jasmonate-/ethylene-responsive, in addition to the chitin-elicited, defense responses. However, chitin-induced AtLEC expression was also observed in jasmonate-insensitive (coi1) and ethylene-insensitive (etr1-1) Arabidopsis mutants. Thus, it appears that chitin promotes AtLEC expression via a jasmonate- and/or ethylene-independent pathway.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 1996

Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath is a slow-growing, unilateral and solitary lesion that is most commonly seen in the digits of the hand and knee, but occasionally occurs in the hips, ankles, toes and wrists. The lesion is asymptomatic or mildly painful, especially if it is diffuse and located in a major joint. The concepts concerning about the pathogenesis of these lesion have undergone constant revision, which include neoplastic process, inflammation and lipid metabolism. Authors analysized 20 patients with giant cell tumor of tendon sheath about the etiology, clinical findings, pathologic findings and treatment results. The results were as follows: 1. 13 cases were females (65%) and 7 cases were males (35%), and the range of age was from 9 years old to 60 years old. 2. The hand was most frequently involved site in which 14 cases (70%) were included, and the foot was involved in 5 cases (25%). 3. Solitary lesions were 15 cases and multiple lesions were 5 cases. 4. Radiographically, in 3 cases bony erosion was seen. 5. All cases were treated by surgical excision and presented no recurrence. In conclusion, the giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, which has been considered to be benign tumorous conditions appeared to be necessary for complete surgical excision to prevent recurrence.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1178-1187
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• 2011

Based on previous studies that cognitive complexity and coping flexibility are closely related with psychological adaptibility, it can be inferred that they can influence management ability of countertransference in counselling. This study focused on the influence of counselor's cognitive complexity and coping flexibility on the management ability of countertransference in counselling. The survey was conducted on 128 (female 108, male 20) counselors of college counseling center, general counseling center, schools and hospitals. The study employed flexibility scale measures, interpersonal discrimination test, and countertransference factors inventory. The results was that the level of cognitive complexity did not influence countertransference ability whereas the level of coping flexibility influenced countertransference management ability. In multiple regression, it was evidenced that coping flexibility influence countertransference management ability more than cognitive complexity. In sum, our study indicate that coping flexibility is important to enhance the management ability of countertransference in counselling, and that related counsellor training program should be developed in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2006

Background: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. High dose vitamin C has been known to be a effective antioxidant activities against the paraquat intoxication. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of regular injection of high dose vitamin C on liver damage in paraquat poisoned rat model. Method: Fifty five rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into three groups: control group, only intraperitoneally injected saline; paraquat group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected saline; paraquat and vitamin C group, single dose intraperitoneally injected paraquat(24.5%, 40 mg/kg) and every 8 hours injected vitamin C(72 mg/kg). Rats were sacrificed on the 12 hours, 1st day, 2nd day, 4th day, 7th day after injection and liver tissue was obtained. H&E(Hematoxylin & Eosin) stain and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen fiber detection were undertaken. The results were observed using the microscope. Results: 1. There were no differences between control and experimental group at the 12hours after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 2. There were significantly decreased liver damage in experimental group in the 1st day after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. 3. There were significantly increased recovery of liver damage with time in experimental group after regular injection of high dose vitamin C. Conclusion: These results suggest that regular injection of high dose vitamin C is effective in decreasing liver damage in paraquat intoxication.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.849-857
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• 2011

Gaming on demand(GOD) makes people enjoy games by encoding and transmitting game screen at a server side, and decoding the video at a client side. In this paper, we propose a fast game video encoder for multiple users over network with low-powered devices. In the proposed system, the computational complexity of game encoders is reduced by using scene descriptors, which consists of an object motion vector, global motion, and scene change. With additional information from game engines, the proposed encoder does not need to perform various complexity processes such as motion estimation and ratedistortion optimization. The motion estimation and rate-distortion optimization skipped by scene descriptors. We found that the proposed method improved 192 % in terms of FPS, compared with x264 software. With partial assembly code, we also improved coding speed by 86 % in terms of FPS. We found that the proposed fast encoder could encode over 60 FPS for real-time GOD applications.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.1509-1520
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• 2009

Contrary to ubiquitous environments, indoor computing environments like home network doesn't support user mobility. This paper suggests UPnP A/V multimedia system using prediction of mobility for adaption of seamless multimedia service. The multimedia system enables indoor mobile users to play multimedia contents by transferring the current session to an adjacent device automatically. The system represents users' contextual information by Five Ws and One H model, and predicts user's movements by using contextual information and transitions of locations. The prediction basically includes multiple locations so that it improves accuracy of prediction. We evaluated the suggested system using in accuracy of prediction, time for prediction, handover time for service, and the system showed that adapt ion of seamless multimedia service was enabled by using prediction of mobility on mobile user.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1355-1362
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• 2011

This paper describes a multi-mode LDPC decoder which supports three block lengths(648, 1296, 1944) and four code rates(1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6) of IEEE 802.11n WLAN standard. Our LDPC decoder adopts a block-serial architecture based on min-sum algorithm and layered decoding scheme. A novel way to store check-node values and parity check matrix reduces the sizes of check-node memory and H-ROM. An efficient scheme for check-node memory addressing is used to achieve stall-free read/write operations. The designed LDPC decoder is verified by FPGA implementation, and synthesized with a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS cell library. It has 219,100 gates and 45,036 bits RAM, and the estimated throughput is about 164~212 Mbps at 50 MHz@2.5v.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

Purpose: The most common cuase of transfusion for trauma victims in an emergency department is hypovolemic shock due to injury. After an injury to an internal organ of the chest or the abdomen, transfusion is needed to supply blood products and to compensate tissue oxygen transport and bleeding. From the 1990's, there have been some reports that transfusion is one of the major factors causing multiple-organ failure. Thus, as much as possible, tranfusion has been minimized in the clinical setting. This study aims to analyze the prognostic factors for mortality among trauma victims transfused with blood products in an emergency department. Methods: We conducted this study for the year of 2010 retrospectively. The study group included adult trauma victims tranfused with blood products in our ED. The exclusion criteria were discharge against medical advice, and missing follow-up due to transfer to another facility. During the study period, 34 adult trauma victims were enrolled. We compared the clinical variables between survivors and non-survivors. Results: the mean age of the 34 victims was 58.06 years, and males account for 58.5% of the study group. The most-frequently used form transportation was ambulance(119, 55.9%), and the most common injury mechanism was mobile vehicle accidents(67.6%). The mean revised trauma score (RTS) was 5.9, and the mean injury severity score (ISS) was 47.76. The mortality rate in the ED was 58.5%, Comparison of survivors with non-survivors showed statistical differences in injury mechanism, initial SBP, DBP, RTS, ISS, and some laboratory data such as AST, ALT, pH, PO2, HCO3, glucose (p<0.05). Regression analyses showed that mortality among adult trauma victims transfused in the ED correlated with RTS. Conclusion: When an adult trauma victim is transported to the ED and needs a tranfusion, the emergency physician carefully assess the victim by using physiologic data.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.421-426
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• 2002

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC), a member of $\alpha$-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate with the formation of $CO_2$, acetyl-CoA, NADH, and $H^+$. This complex contains multiple copies of three catalytic components including pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Two regulatory components (E1-kinase and phospho-E1 phosphatase) and functionally less-understood protein (protein X, E3BP) are also involved in the formation of the complex. In this study, we have partially cloned the gene for E3BP in human. Nine putative clones were isolated by human genomic library screening with 1.35 kb fragment of E3BP cDNA as a probe. For investigation of cloned genes, Southern blot analysis and the construction of the restriction map were performed. One of the isolated clones, E3BP741, has a 3 kb-SacI fragment, which contains 200 bp region matched with E3BP cDNA sequences. The matched DNA sequence encodes the carboxyl-terminal portion of lipoyl-bearing domain and hinge region of human E3BP. Differences between yeast E3BP and mammalian E3BP coupled with the remarkable similarity between mammalian E2 and mammalian E3BP were confirmed from the comparison of the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence in the cloned E3BP. Cloning of human E3BP gene and analysis of the gene structure will facilitate the understanding of the role(s) of E3BP in mammalian PDC.