• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제3권8호
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• pp.1007-1018
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• 2002

평가결과에 대한 과학적이고 다차원적인 분석은 학습자, 교수자에게 중요한 정보를 제공해 주는 역할을 한다. 기존의 평가관련 연구들이 평가도구 개발에 치우친 경향이 있고, 평가결과에 대한 분석은 단편적이고 일차원적인 분석이 대부분이었다. 본 연구에서는 평가결과를 다차원적으로 분석함으로써, 질 높은 교수학습이 이루어질 수 있도록 학습자 및 교수자에게 다양한 정보를 제공해 주는 데 목적을 두고 개발되었다. 차원은 기간, 학생, 평가영역, 난이도, 점수의 5차원으로 분류하였다. 분석결과는 Dcube. 그래프, 스프레드시트 등의 다양한 형태로 제공된다.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2003

Reinforcement learning is considered as an important tool for robotic learning in unknown/uncertain environments. In this paper, we propose an evaluation function expressed in a vector form to realize multi-dimensional reinforcement learning. The novel feature of the proposed method is that learning one behavior induces parallel learning of other behaviors though the objectives of each behavior are different. In brief, all behaviors watch other behaviors from a critical point of view. Therefore, in the proposed method, there is cross-criticism and parallel learning that make the multi-dimensional learning process more efficient. By ap-plying the proposed learning method, we carried out multi-dimensional evaluation (reward) and multi-dimensional learning simultaneously in one trial. A special neural network (Q-net), in which the weights and the output are represented by vectors, is proposed to realize a critic net-work for Q-learning. The proposed learning method is applied for behavior planning of mobile robots.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

Purpose - Multi-dimensional prices comprise multiple components such as monthly payments and a number of payments rather than a single lump-sum amount. According to previous studies, an increase in the number of price dimensions leads to a massive amount of cognitive stress resulting in incorrect calculation, and deterioration in the consistency of the price judgment. However, an increase only in the level of complexity of calculating multi-dimensional prices does not always result in a corresponding decrease in the accuracy of price evaluation. Since diverse variables could affect consumers' purchase-decision-making process, the results of price evaluation would be different. In this study, an empirical analysis was performed to determine how the accuracy of price evaluation varies depending on the extent of the complexity of price dimensions using product involvement and brand preference as moderating variables. Research design, data, and methodology - A survey was conducted on 260 students, and 252 effective responses were used for analysis. The data was analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-way ANOVA. In this study, six hypotheses were developed to examine the effect of product involvement and brand preference on consumers' evaluation effort of multi-dimensional prices. Results - As the number of price dimensions increased, accuracy of price evaluation appeared to be low in high involvement, as expected. However, it showed no differences in price evaluation effort when the level of complexity of calculating multi-dimensional prices is low. When a small number of price dimensions are presented in both cases of high and low involvement, accuracy of price evaluation is much higher in a weak brand preference. On the contrary, a strong brand preference enhances an accuracy of price evaluation only in case of low involvement when the number of price dimensions is increased. An interaction effect of product involvement and brand preference on consumers' evaluation of multi-dimensional prices did not exist irrespective of the level of complexity of calculating prices being high or low. Conclusions - When the number of price dimensions is small, consumers' effort for price evaluation shows almost no difference without the moderating effect of involvement, and a weak brand preference leads to a higher accuracy of price evaluation in an effort to make the best selection. No interaction effect of product involvement and brand preference was found except for a main effect of brand preference. When a price is composed of multiple dimensions rendering it more difficult to calculate the final price, the effort for price evaluation was expected to decrease only slightly in case of combination of high involvement and strong brand preference. This is because people have a higher purchase intentions and trust for that particular brand. However, the accuracy of price evaluation was much lower in cases of high involvement, and there was no interaction effect between product involvement and brand preference except for a main effect of involvement and brand preference, respectively.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2017

피처선택, 혹은 변수 선택은 피처의 수가 매우 많은 고차원 데이터에서 주어진 주제와 연관성이 높은 피처를 선별하는 과정으로서, 데이터의 차원수를 낮추어 군집분석이나 분류 분석 등을 용이하게 하는데 중요한 기법이다. 많은 수의 피처들 중에서 일부의 피처를 선별하기 위해서는 피처들을 평가하기 위한 도구가 필요하다. 현재까지 제안된 도구들은 대부분 확률이론이나 정보이론에 기초하여 만들어졌기 때문에 하나의 피처, 즉 1차원 데이터만을 평가할 수 있다. 그러나 피처들 간에는 상호작용이 있기 때문에 하나의 피처를 평가하기 보다는 여러 피처들의 집합, 즉 다차원 데이터를 평가할 수 있어야 효과적인 피처 선택이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 확장된 거리 함수를 이용하여 1차원 데이터 평가용으로 제안된 FSDD 평가 함수를 다차원 데이터에 대한 평가가 가능하도록 개선하는 방법에 대해 제안하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 접근법은 다른 1차원 데이터 평가함수에도 적용이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2023

In order to effectively relieve the traffic pressure of the city, ensure the smooth flow of freight and promote the development of the logistics industry, the selection of appropriate port logistics location is the basis of giving full play to the port logistics function. In order to better realize the selection of port logistics, this paper adopts the entropy weight method to set up a multi-dimensional evaluation index, and constructs the evaluation model of port logistics location. Then through the actual case, from the environmental dimension and economic competition dimension to make choices and analysis. The results show that port d has the largest logistics competitiveness and the highest relative proximity among the three indicators of hinterland city economic activity, hinterland economic structure, and port operation capacity of different port logistics locations, which has absolute advantages. It is hoped that the research results can provide a reference for the multi-dimensional selection of port logistics site selections.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.831-832
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• 2011

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2003

Multi-detector row CT (MDCT) provides faster speed, longer coverage in conjunction with thin slices, improved spatial resolution, and ability to produce high quality muliplanar and three-dimensional (3D) images. MDCT has revolutionized the non-invasive evaluation of the central airways. Simultaneous display of axial, multiplanar, and 3D images raises precision and accuracy of the radiologic diagnosis of central airway disease. This article introduces central airway imaging with MDCT emphasizing on the emerging role of multiplanar and 3D reconstruction.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.756-759
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• 1997

Multi-arm cooperation robot system is required for more specific and dextrous jobs such as transferring very large or heavy objects, or grasping work piece while processing on it. There is little research on 3-dimensional multi-arm robot. Here we propose two performance indices presenting isotropy of end-effector's acceleration and velocity capabilities with constraints of joint torques, that is Isotropic Acceleration Radius [IAR] and Isotropic Velocity Radius [IVRI. Also the procedure to find 3-dimensional IAR, IVR is proposed, where available acceleration set concept is used. The case of 3-dimensional two 3 joint robot system was simulated and the distributions of IAR, IVR was studied.

• 한국신뢰성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신뢰성학회 2000년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.397-397
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• 2000

There exists an increasing need of study for generalized consecutive k-out-of-n systems. This paper demonstrates that a recursive formula for multi-dimensional consecutive k-out-of-n systems can be systematically developed by means of conventional structure function analysis. By taking advantage of notational convenience, the formulae expressed in the same recursive fashion just as the one dimensional consecutive k-out-of-n system. With the aids of the recursive formulae, not only the exact reliability of the system, but also the optimal arrangement of components is obtainable in a straightforward way.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.222-233
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• 2011

This study is for the multi-dimensional analysis of diverse data sets for artificial reefs off the coast of Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan. Various data sets recorded in artificial reefs ground were integrated in new GIS software: to reveal the relationships between water temperature and fish schools; to visualize the quantitative connection between the reefs and the fish schools; and to compare the seabed types derived from two different data sources. The results obtained suggest that the application of GIS in analyzing multi-dimensional data is a better way to understand the characteristics of fish schools and environmental information around artificial reefs and particularly in the evaluation of the effectiveness of artificial reefs.