• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2019

This paper analyzed the characteristics of population change from 2000 to 2018 in 466 mountainous areas using resident registration data from the Ministry of the Interior and Safety, and projected the population in those areas through 2050 with the cohort change ratio method. The population had dramatically decreased from 2000 to 2009. With the slowing population decrease after 2010, the population has increased gradually since 2014. Especially the population of ages over 65 in 2018 had increased 34% compared to 2000, while the working age population had decreased 29%. This shows that population aging becomes serious problems in the mountainous area. Assuming the cohort change ratios from 2010 to 2015 and child-woman ratio in 2015 remain constant, it appeared that the projected population of the mountainous area dropped to 1.26 million in 2030 and 820,000 in 2050. It is expected to have a population with an inverted pyramid structure showing a gender imbalance with more females in 60's and 70's. Although it continues to show the recent population growth in mountainous area, population in mountainous area is expected to consistently decrease. Therefore, it is required to develop policies and strategies to promote an influx of people into mountainous area for maintaining functionality and sustainability of mountainous areas.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2007

In this study, a Ridge Distinction Program was developed to improve the elevation standard, which is one of standards for mountainous districts conversion permission regulated by the Management of Mountainous Districts Act. To distinguish mountainous districts from other land types, this program assumed that the lower end of the mountainous districts is the outlet points where catchment size is 30ha. Also the program used the halfway line between the ridge and the lower end of the mountainous districts to recognize the upper slope areas. To prevent potential errors within the classification process, the areas that were classified as non-mountainous districts by the current forest type map were removed. According to the classification results by using the developed program, the 58% of the mountainous districts ($696,300m^2$) was classified into the upper slope area, while the only 3% of the mountainous districts ($30,956m^2$) were classified by adopting the current standards for the mountainous districts conversion permission. This result shows that the size of the upper slope areas tends to be altered by the standards defining the area. Therefore, for better acceptance of the Ridge Distinction Program in the associated fields, it is necessary to prove the effectiveness of the program and to revise the current standards for the mountainous districts conversion permission.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.103 no.4
• /
• pp.670-678
• /
• 2014

This paper analyzes the characteristics of population change and makes the population projection in the mountainous area of Korea. Mountainous areas are defined as local towns (eup or myeon) with forest area more than 70 percent of land area, population density less than 111 people per square kilometer, and plowland area less than 21 percent of land area. The population in mountainous areas has decreased dramatically, while the ageing index has increased over the past two decades. To make the population projection, the cohort-change ratios method is applied. The results revealed that a multitude of young people aged 10 to 39 moved to cities to find education and job chance and some people aged 40 and over moved to mountainous areas as the trends of urban-to-rural migration. This continuing trend will culminate in 680 thousand people in population and 1,035 of ageing index in 2030, which will lead to the unequal land development and inefficient forest management. Thus, policy makers need to develop stimulus plans to revitalize and stabilize the economy of mountainous areas.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.244-255
• /
• 2022

This study estimated and evaluated the high resolution (1km) gridded mountain meteorology data of daily mean, maximum and minimum temperature based on ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System), AWS (Automatic Weather Stations) and AMOS (Automatic Mountain Meteorology Observation System) in South Korea. The ASOS, AWS, and AMOS meteorology data which were located above 200m was classified as mountainous area. And the ASOS, AWS, and AMOS meteorology data which were located under 200m was classified as non-mountainous area. The bias-correction method was used for correct air temperature over complex mountainous area and the performance of enhanced daily coefficients based on the AMOS and mountainous area observing meteorology data was evaluated using the observed daily mean, maximum and minimum temperature. As a result, the evaluation results show that RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of air temperature using the enhanced coefficients based on the mountainous area observed meteorology data is smaller as 30% (mean), 50% (minimum), and 37% (maximum) than that of using non-mountainous area observed meteorology data. It indicates that the enhanced weather coefficients based on the AMOS and mountain ASOS can estimate mean, maximum, and minimum temperature data reasonably and the temperature results can provide useful input data on several climatological and forest disaster prediction studies.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2011

The construction of photovoltaic complex in mountainous area is quickly increasing recently so that the environment assessment in constructing photovoltain complex in mountainous area was performed by comparison of $CO_{2{\cdot}}$ reduction and forest damage. The case studies for environmental value assessment, which construct photovoltaic complex in mountainous area, show that the losses of around 5.1billion won arise during 15 years. The government's official target for spreading photovoltaic energy until year 2030 can be satisfied when considering other alternative sites, improvement of technology and the alternative sites of an idle space of a building or a disused site, etc, except an undeveloped mountainous area. The construction of photovoltaic complex in mountainous area can cause the great damage to the environment, especially undeveloped mountainous area such as Baekdudaegan, and this defeat its own purpose of using photovoltaic energy. Therefore, the spread of photovoltaic complex through the additional damage of forest should be sublated.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.45 no.1
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 1979

The purpose of the study was to define the labor change in the moutainous villages, So this study analyzed the mass dram of the population from the mountainous villages created by the unequal development between the first and second under the high economic development and the large difference in the income between city and rural area. The content of the study was (1) the foundation of the production in the survey area (2) labor change in the mountainous villages (3) the supply and the demand of the labor in this area. The date were collected from 118 household of 2 villages (one with a high level of brest product, and the other with a low level of forest products) in Cheon-nam Province through a questionarie. The results of the study were as follows. 1. The mass drain in the mountainous villages started in the middle of 1970's, and the rate of drain has been very rapid and accelerated. 2. The drain of the mountainous village with a low level of forest products is more than that of the mountainous village with a high level of forest products. 3. In the mountainous village with high level of forest products, the specialization in the farmer class has begun and the farmers with a side job are now increasing. 4. Generally the major drain consisted of the young class (16-30 age), and consequently it caused a change in the composition of labor power into old age and women. 5. The character of the forest labor market is how changing from closed to open.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2004.10a
• /
• pp.537-540
• /
• 2004

Space-borne multi-sensor data could provide fire scar and bum severity mapping. This paper will present detail mapping of burnt areas in Cheongyange Yesan of Korea with ETM+ image. Burn severity map based on ETM+ image was found to be affected by strong topographic illumination effects in mountainous forest area. Topographic effect is a factor which causes errors in classification of high spatial resolution image like IKONOS image. Minnaert constants J( in each band of ETM+ image is derived for reduction of mountainous terrain effects. Finally, this paper computes quantitative analysis of forest fire damage by each forest types.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.8 no.3 s.17
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to define the concept of Hilly/Mountainous and Less-Favored Areas from the viewpoint of agricultural infrastructure, and to establish selection criteria and categorize of that areas. Using three type guidelines which were the rates of forest(above 50%), farmhouse population(above 50%) and infrastructure improvement(below 50%), the regions of 605 Eup Myon were selected to Hilly/Mountainous and Less-Favored Area. And for applying to regional development planning, the legions of eup myon were classified 4 types using average of the rate of forest and aged farmhouse population(75%, 17.5%). To conserve the farmland in Hilly/Mountainous and Less-Favored Areas, it requires continuous research on systematic approach method. Especially, it is necessary to investigate a development formula according to farmland scale and desolated degree through analysis of the actual condition of farmland.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.130-135
• /
• 2017

In temperate monsoon regions, extensive shallow landslides triggered by heavy rainfall are recurrent phenomena in mountainous areas. 1,357 landslides over Jinbu area, Korea that totaled 127 km2 were identified from aerial photographs and field survey. We examined characteristics of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and casual factors affecting landslide distribution with respect to topographic and forest settings, and land use. Most landslides occurred in the study area were the results of a complex combination of precondition, preparatory factors and triggering factors. Cumulative rainfall and high intensity rainfall during short period of time made the study area very sensitive to landslides and played as catalysts to enable other factors including topographic and forest settings, and land use to act more effectively. In addition, some landslides at lower elevation involved channel incision or bank erosion influenced by land use changes such as deforestation and intensification of agriculture surrounding riparian forests or hillslopes. The results suggest that most of landslide were triggered by heavy rainstorms while topographic, forest settings, and land use affected landslide distribution occurred in the study area.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.435-440
• /
• 2002

The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between polarimetric radar backscatters and stand characteristics over the mountainous forest area. L- and P-band full polarimetric airborne SAR data obtained in September 2000 were processed to compare with forest stand maps and ground collected stand variables. After the geometric registration of SAR image, mean radar backscatters were extracted for those ground plots where the stand parameters, such as tree height, DBH, and basal area, were measured during and after the SAR data acquisition. Preliminary analysis was focused on the topographic influence of radar backscattering under the homogeneous forest stand condition. Topographic effects, assessed by the local incidence angles, were different obvious in L-band data while it was not clear with P-band data.