• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.851-856
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop a sensory feedback system which could measure force and temperature for the user of myoelectric prosthetic hands. The Sensory measurement module consisted of a force sensing resistor to measure forces and non-contact infrared temperature sensor. These sensors were attached on the fingertips of the myoelectric prosthetic hand. The module was validated by using standard weights corresponding to external force and a Peltier module. Sensory transmission module consisted of four vibration motors. Eight vibration patterns were generated by combining motion of each vibration motor and were dependent on kinds and/or magnitude. The module was verified by using standard weigts and water at varying temperatures. There were correlations of force and temperature between the sensory measurement module and standard weight and water. Additionally, exact vibration patterns were generated, indicating the efficacy of the sensory feedback system for the myoelectric prosthetic hand.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-42
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• 2010

Objectives: This study is to investigate the method for assesment of cerebral palsy(CP), especislly focusing on function assesment Methods: We searched the recent date of the publication and paper in Cerebral Palsy Results: Measuring the function of children with cerebral palsy is mobility, self-care and social ability. Early adequate evaluation of motor development and prognosis of degree of long-term motor disability is very important not only for parents, but also for correct management of goal oriented rehabilitation treatment and for planning of preventive measures. 1. Gross Motor Function Classification System(GMFCS) is valuable to prognostication about gross motor progress in children with CP, using longitudinal observation. 2. Gross Motor Function Measure(GMFM) is the instrument most commonly used to measure gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy(CP). 3. Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory(PEDI) is one of the most commonly used assessments for children with a disability. Conclusions: The functional Assesment of children with CP are used GMFCS, GMFM and PEDI.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

PURPOSE: High-intensity physical therapy may help improve some gross motor developmental delays through an increased treatment frequency. This study describes an increase in physical therapy frequency and intensity over an eight-week time frame for a child with a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder. METHODS: A single-subject research was performed. The subject was a nine-year-old boy with MECP2 Duplication Syndrome. The outcome measure consisted of one time before and after the intervention. An intensive physical therapy program was applied to this subject. The treatments included reciprocal crawling, high kneeling, tailor sitting, weight-bearing and shifting training to facilitate ankle balance strategies and training to walk without assistance. RESULTS: After the eight-week follow-up, the child achieved a gradual improvement in the gross motor function measures, and the mother reported that the child frequently engaged in tailor sitting and independently walking. CONCLUSION: This case study highlights that intensive physical therapy improved the overall motor function of a child with MECP2 duplication syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.751-760
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• 2001

Therapeutic exercise had developed with human being. It depend upon development of physiology, anatomy, kinesiology and biomechanics. There are two categories in therapeutic exorcise. One is classical therapeutic exercise which is a activity of one muscle group, one axis and one plane motion. It is ROM, FRE. osteokinematics, arthrokinematics. Another is neurophysiological approach which is multi muscle group, multi axis and plane exercise. It is PNF and Bobath that start from 1940 to early 1950. Classical therapeutic exorcise develop from ROM to osteokinematics and arthrokinematics. It is foundation of the joint mobilization and orthopaedic manual physical therapy. Neurophysiological therapeutic approaching has more theory and skills than before. Bobath methods had changed from reflex-inhibiting posture to key points of control and added the theory of musculoskeletal, biomechanics, motor behaviour and cognition. We call it motor control.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.421-428
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• 2005

The tenn 'Brain plasticity' has been identified that our central nervous system is continuously being adapted and modulated according to environmental needs and demands, and has been used to encompass the multifarious mechanisms related to learning, development, and recovery from damage to the nervous system. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate cortical reorganization in a 26-year-old right-handed hemiparetic patient with traumatic primary motor cortex (M1) injury, using functional MRI (fMRI). The unaffected (left) primary sensori-motor cortex centered on the precentral knob was activated during unaffected (right) hand movements. However, the medial area of the injured M1 was activated during affected (left) hand movements. It seems that the motor function of the affected hand in this patient was reorganized into the medial area of the injured precentral knob. These investigations provide a great useful information and clinical evidences with the specialized clinician in stroke physical therapy about patient's prognosis and therapeutic guidelines.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 2001

In children with cerebral palsy, bone density is decreased by disturbance of bone remodelling due to lack of normal weight bearing and muscle contraction through physical activity. Loss of bone density cause fracture, delays treatment with immobilization, and leads to functional limitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate bone mineral density of lumbar spine in children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia. Six spastic quadriplegia and 14 spastic diplegia were evaluated in this study. QDR 4500 X-ray densitometer was used to measure bone density at lumbar spine (L1~L4). Children with cerebral palsy showed lower bone density than that of normal children. Bone density in children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia was $-1.812{\pm}.962$, $-1.519{\pm}.935$, respectively. However, there was no significant differences in bone density between children with spastic quadriplegia and diplegia. There was no significant difference in bone density relation to motor development level, height, and weight. Further study is needed to find the appropriate interventions for preventing loss of bone density in children with cerebral palsy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2003

The suck/swallow/breathe(SSB) synchrony, serving as the earlist primary motor mechanism, is the rhythmical, coordinated pattern of sucking, swallowing and breathing. The development of an intact SSB is an important precursor for further sensorimotor and cognitive development including speech and language development, state regulation, postural control, feeding, eye/hand coordination and social/emotional development. Arousal means a neurological mechanism for preparing one's body to orienting stimulus. Its levels are regulated with an interaction of the reticular formation, the limbic system, the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system. General strategies such as blowing, sucking, chewing, munching and licking to effectively modulate arousal state are related to SSB. The SSB synchrony is an important treatment principle for children with sensory integration disorder and problems with the modulation of arousal. The purpose of this article is to review concepts of SSB synchrony and the underlying relation between the modulation of arousal and SSB synchrony.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1990

An isokinetic exercise system was designed and manufactured to perform muscular performance test and the traning of athletes and the rehabilitation of patients. The system majorly consists of gear box, D. C servo motor and servo controller, data reduction computer. Preliminary experiments were conducted to find out the performance of the system. The performance of the prototype isokinetic exercise system was turned out to be satisfactory compared with a commercial product called CYBEX system.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by loss of motor neurons, resulting in motor weakness of the limbs and/or bulbar muscles. Pain is a prevalent but neglected symptom of ALS, and it has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. This review outlines the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and management strategies of pain in ALS to improve clinical practice and patient outcomes related to pain. Pain is a prevalent symptom among patients with ALS, with a variable reported prevalence. It may occur at any stage of the disease and can involve any part of the body without a specific pattern. Primary pain includes neuropathic pain and pain from spasticity or cramps, while secondary pain is mainly nociceptive, occurring with the progression of muscle weakness and atrophy, prolonged immobility causing degenerative changes in joints and connective tissue, and long-term home mechanical ventilation. Prior to treatment, the exact patterns and causes of pain must first be identified, and the treatment should be tailored to each patient. Treatment options can be classified into pharmacological treatments, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptic drugs, drugs for cramps or spasticity, and opioid; and nonpharmacological treatments, including positioning, splints, joint injections, and physical therapy. The development of standardized and specific assessment tools for pain-specific to ALS is required, as are further studies on treatments to reduce pain, diminish suffering, and improve the quality of life of patients with ALS.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.155-161
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• 2015

In the paper, we developed the mobile based rehabilitation system for patients with upper extremity hemiplegia after stroke and evaluated clinical usefulness and effectiveness of the system. The sensors built in the smartphone were used to track patients' upper limb motion and the movements was transferred to the tablet PC through bluetooth connection so that the game contents could be interact with the movements. The rehabilitation game contents was based on Brunnstrom stage(B-stage), and was designed to lead accurate movement of upper limb. For the clinical evaluation of the effectiveness, 11 patients were recruited and make them perform an exercise of their wrist, shoulder, and forearm using the system for two weeks. The change of upper limb motor function was measured using fugl-meyer assessment(FMA), Brunnstrom stage(B-stage). And the change of quality of life was measured using EuroQoL-5 Dimension(EQ-5D), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). The results showed significant improvement in upper limb function but not in quality of life. We verified mobile based rehabilitation program could be useful and effective for the clinical use.