• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.409-421
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• 2023

In order to develop navigation systems, simulators that provide navigation sensors data are required. A trajectory generator that simulates vehicle motion is needed to generate navigation sensors data in the simulator. In this paper, a trajectory generator for evaluating navigation system performance is proposed. The proposed trajectory generator consists of two parts. The first part obtains parameters from the motion scenario file whereas the second part generates position, velocity, and attitude from the parameters. In the proposed trajectory generator six degrees of freedom, halt, climb, turn, accel turn, spiral, combined, and waypoint motions are given as basic motions with parameters. These motions can be combined to generate complex trajectories of the vehicle. Maximum acceleration and jerk for linear motion and maximum angular acceleration and velocity for rotational motion are considered to generate trajectories. In order to show the usefulness of the proposed trajectory generator, trajectories were generated from motion scenario files and the results were observed. The results show that the proposed trajectory generator can accurately simulate complex vehicle motions that can be used to evaluate navigation system performance.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.575-582
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• 2015

Obtaining the complete trajectory of the object is a very important task in computer vision applications, such as video surveillance. Previous studies to recover the trajectory between two disconnected trajectory segments, however, do not takes into account the object's motion characteristics and uncertainty of trajectory segments. In this paper, we present a novel approach to recover the trajectory between two disjoint but associated trajectory segments, called goal-directed tracking. To incorporate the object's motion characteristics and uncertainty, the goal-directed state equation is first introduced. Then the goal-directed tracking framework is constructed by integrating the equation to the object tracking and trajectory linking process pipeline. Evaluation on challenging dataset demonstrates that proposed method can accurately recover the missing trajectory between two disconnected trajectory segments as well as appropriately constrain a motion of the object to the its goal(or the target state) with uncertainty.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.572-582
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• 2018

In this paper, we have calculated a formular for sabot-trajectory of shipboard projectile including ship motion and generated trajectory-range function for analysing interference with structure of naval ship. We make formula to approximate the ship motion data of naval ship using optimization technique. Through this formula, we calculate the velocities and accelerations of sabot caused by ship motion(surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, yaw) and then, we produce the formula about the trajectory of sabot including effects of ship motion in addition to previous study which had considered the effects of the pressure of flume, friction force, etc. To investigate interference with ship structures, we make the trajectory-range functions and then extract the nearest or farthest trajectory to ship structure. Through these data, we can conform whether the interference is happened or not.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2011

A cubic spline trajectory planner with arc-length parameter is formulated with estimation by summing up to the 3rd order in Taylor's expansion. The PVAJT motion planning is presented to reduce trajectory calculation time at every cycle time of servo control loop so that it is able to generate cubic spline trajectory in real time. This method can be used to more complex spline trajectory. Several case studies are executed with different values of cycle time and sampling time, and showed the advantages of the PVAJT motion planner. A DSP-based motion controller is designed to implement the PVAJT motion planning.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.997-1005
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• 2010

Most motion control systems consist of a desired trajectory generator, a motion controller such as a conventional PID controller, and a plant to be controlled. The desired trajectory generator as well as the motion controller is very important to achieve a good tracking performance. Especially, if the desired trajectory is generated actively utilizing the maximum velocity, acceleration, jerk and snap as given system specifications, the tracking performance would be better. For this, we make use of the properties of convolution operator in order to generate a smooth (S-curve) trajectory satisfying the system specifications. Also, the proposed trajectory generation method is extended to more general cases with arbitrary initial and terminal conditions. In addition, the suggested trajectory generator can be easily realized for real-time implementation. Finally, the effectiveness of the suggested method is shown through numerical simulations.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 캐릭터의 걷기 동작 데이터를 변형하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 주 관절(root joint)의 이동 경로를 그래프로 분석하고 라플라스 연산자를 이용해 변형하는 방법을 사용한다. 주 관절의 경로는 동작 데이터의 각 프레임별 위치와 방향을 정점으로 하고 이를 인접 프레임의 정점과 연결한 그래프 형태로 나타낸다. 주 관절 경로를 라플라스 연산자를 이용하여 좌표계를 변환하고 이를 목표 위치 및 방향에 맞도록 반복적인 방법으로 해를 구하여 변형한다. 이 방법을 이용하여 동작 데이터의 걷기 스타일을 유지하면서 다양한 경로의 걷기 동작을 얻을 수 있게 되며 많은 비용이 드는 동작 데이터 취득을 최소화할 수 있다. 최종 모션은 변형된 주 관절 경로를 기준으로 기존 모션의 다른 관절을 위치시키고 후처리하여 생성한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 응용함으로써 적은 모션 데이터로도 복잡한 환경에서 캐릭터의 걷는 동작을 생성하는 것을 보인다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권5B호
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• pp.913-924
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• 2000

객체의 이동 궤적에 대한 효율적 기술기(descriptor) 및 이를 이용한 내용기반 비디오 검색 기술을 제안하였다. 정지 배경의 비디오에서 이동 객체를 추출한 후, 객체의 중심 좌표의 시간에 따른 이동 궤적을 2차 다항식의 매개변수로써 표현하였다. 또한, 카메라의 움직임이 있는 유동 배경의 비디오에서 비디오의 전역 움직임을 어파인(affine) 모델링한 후, 어파인 매개변수로써 카메라의 움직임을 식별하고 색인화 하였다. 이동 궤적에 대한 질의 매개변수와 색인화 된 매개변수간 유사도 정합에 의하여 내용 기반의 비디오 검색을 실현하였다. 제안한 기술은 일반 비디오에 대한 신속한 검색뿐만 아니라 감시 비디오 시스템의 효율적 운영에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.9-13
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• 2016

Robot usually requires spline motion to move through multiple knots. In this paper, catmull-rom spline method is applied to the trajectory planning of industrial robot in task space. Centripetal catmull-rom is selected to avoid self-intersection and slow motion which can be occurred in uniform and chordal spline. The method to set two control points are proposed to satisfy velocity conditions of initial and final knots. To optimize robot motion, time scaling method is presented to minimize margin between real robot value and maximum value in velocity and acceleration. The simulation results show that the proposed methods are applied to trajectory planning and robot can follow the planned trajectory while robot motion does not exceed maximum value of velocity and acceleration.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2004

This paper deals with the gait optimization of via points on biped robot. ZMP(Zero Moment point) is the most important index in a biped robot's dynamic walking stability. To stable walking of a biped robot, leg's trajectory and a desired ZMP trajectory is required, balancing motion is solved by FDM(Finite Difference Method). In this paper, optimal index is defined to dynamically stable walking of a biped robot, and genetic algorithm is applied to optimize gait trajectory and balancing motion of a biped robot. By genetic algorithm, the index of walking parameter is efficiently optimized, and dynamic walking stability is verified by ZMP verification equation. Genetic algorithm is only applied to balancing motion, and is totally applied to whole trajectory. All of the suggested motions of biped robot are investigated by simulations and verified through the real implementation.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.659-667
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• 2011

The study of bipedal robot is towards similar shape and function with human. In this paper, we propose a human-like walking pattern compatible to the flexible foot with toe and heel structure. The new walking pattern for a bipedal robot consists of ZMP, center of mass (CoM), and ankle trajectory and is drawn by considering human kinesiology. First, the ZMP trajectory moves forward without stopping at a point even in the single support phase. The corresponding CoM trajectory to the ZMP one is derived by solving differential equations. As well, a CoM trajectory for the vertical axis is added by following the idea of human motion. The ankle trajectory closely mimics the rotational motion of human ankles during taking off and landing on the ground. The advantages of the proposed walking pattern are demonstrated by showing improved stability, decreased ankle torque, and the longer step length capability. Specifically, it is interesting to know that the vertical CoM motion is able to compensate for the initial transient response.