• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare levels of parenting stress and efficacy in mothers of children suffering from attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internet addiction disorder (IAD), mothers of children with ADHD alone only, and those with normal children. Methods : Participants were composed of 25 mothers of children with ADHD and IAD, 35 mothers of children with ADHD alone, and 50 mothers of normal children. They completed the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC). Results : In comparison with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD and IAD and the mothers of children with ADHD alone showed significantly higher levels of parenting stress and lower parenting efficacy. However, a comparison of mothers of children with ADHD and IAD with those of children with ADHD alone did not show any significant differences in their levels of parenting stress or efficacy. Conclusion : Mothers of children with ADHD, regardless of the presence of IAD exhibited a higher level of parenting stress and a lower level of parenting efficacy than mothers of normal children.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-88
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• 2016

The present study was designed to examine the structural relationship between mothers' perceptions of their relationships with their parents and husbands (as the predictors of parenting self-efficacy), mothers' parenting self-efficacy (PSE), and parenting behaviors among contemporary Korean mothers. A sample of 95 Korean mothers of pre-school,1st, 2nd, and 3rd grade elementary school children in Seoul, South Korea were recruited. Mothers were asked to respond to a survey that captured mothers' perceptions of their relationships with their parents and husbands, PSE, and their parenting behaviors. Structural equation modeling(SEM) was applied to analyze the hypothesized model. The results indicate that mothers who perceive their relationships with their own parents as positive were more likely to have higher PSE. In addition, mothers who reported higher PSE levels were less likely to be inconsistent in their parenting behaviors and more likely to be responsive in their parenting behaviors. The results of this study underscore the importance of PSE as a psychological resource that enables contemporary Korean mothers to parent in positive ways. Furthermore, these findings emphasize the importance of mothers' perceptions of their social relationships as a factor that contributes to higher PSE.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.35-48
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• 2009

Parenting knowledge is regarded as an important variable influencing parenting style. This study investigated the parenting knowledge of mothers with infants and analyzed how this knowledge influenced their parenting style. The mothers’ parenting efficacy was included in the analysis as a mediator between parenting knowledge and parenting style. Three hundred and seventy-five mothers with infants completed questionnaires regarding parenting knowledge, parenting efficacy, and parenting style. The results showed that the mothers reported different scores in subcategories of parenting knowledge, in which the highest scores were in knowledge about rearing behavior and the lowest were in the developmental process. Second, there were differences in parenting knowledge scores according to the age, employment status, and educational level of subjects. Third, subjects with the more accurate parenting knowledge reported more positive parenting efficacy and parenting style. Lastly, parenting efficacy completely mediated between parenting knowledge and parenting style.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.229-239
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• 2017

The study investigated the interrelations between infant temperament, mothers' affective parenting, and maternal parenting stress. The study also studied the moderating effects of mothers' affective parenting between infant temperament and maternal parenting stress. Data on 1,863 mothers with children aged under 12 months from the 2008 Panel Study on Korean Children were analyzed using PASW ver. 23.0 to carry out descriptive statistics, correlation co-efficiencies, and hierarchical multiple regression. The results show that infant temperament and mothers' affective parenting were significantly correlated with maternal parenting stress. The findings also prove the moderating effects of mothers' affective parenting on the relationship between infant emotionality, negative temperament, and maternal parenting stress.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.57-77
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the causal relationship between parenting knowledge, parenting stress, and parenting behavior of mothers with infants and to confirm the longitudinal mediating effect of parenting stress in the relationship between parenting knowledge and parenting behavior. Methods: This study used data collected through the Panel Study on Korean Children from 2008 to 2010 and the participants were 1,444 mothers with infants. The data were analyzed through technical statistics, correlations and multivariate potential growth models using SPSS 28.0 and AMOS 26.0. Results: Parenting knowledge and parenting stress of mothers gradually increased, and positive parenting behavior gradually decreased. Having a lot of parenting knowledge reduced mother's parenting stress. Mother's parenting stress reduced positive parenting behavior, and as parenting stress increased, positive parenting behavior decreased significantly. However, the relationship between parenting knowledge and parenting behavior was not significant. In addition, the mediating effect of parenting stress was confirmed in the relationship between parenting knowledge and parenting behavior of mothers. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study suggest the need to reduce parenting stress and promote positive parenting behavior along with the systematization of parent education programs in order for mothers with infants to acquire parenting knowledge.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of mothers' parenting stress, parenting behaviors, and their children's social competence by their children's emotionality and their husband's support on parenting. The participants of this study were 72 three and four-year-old children and their mothers. The results of this study were as follows. The mothers with high-emotionality children reported higher parenting stress than ones with low-emotionality children. The mothers reported low-supporting by their husbands perceived higher parenting stress and used less warmth-encouragement than mothers reported high-supporting. The setting limit behaviors in parenting was significant different by their children's emotionality and their husbands' support on parenting. That is, only in the group of high-emotionality children, the mothers with high-supporting by their husbands used more setting limit behaviors than the ones with low-supporting. The children with mothers received low-supporting by their husbands were rated as less prosocial by their teachers than the children with mothers received high-supporting.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.317-328
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• 2005

This study investigated the effects of mothers' perceived social support, stress, and children's temperament on parenting self-efficacy of boy's and girl's mothers among 416 Korean mothers living in Seoul, Korea. Results showed that mothers' parenting self-efficacy of boys and girls were positively related to mothers' perceived social support and children's temperament. On the other hand, parenting self-efficacy of both boys' and girls' mothers were negatively related to mothers' stress. Multiple regression indicated that mothers' perceived social support and children's temperament were the significant predictors for mothers' parenting self-efficacy of boys and girls. Husbands' support, support from social network, approach-withdrawal, and activity level-general were the significant predictors for mothers' parenting self-efficacy of boys. Husbands' support, support from social network, conflict with their children, transition of husband's job, difficulty of finance and business were the significant predictors for mothers' parenting self-efficacy of girls. Husbands' support was the strongest predicator of mothers' parenting self-efficacy of boys and girls.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.85-95
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine mothers' ideal and actual parenting behaviors toward their infants in three parenting domains; social, didactic, and limit setting. A total of 264 mothers of young children under age three from Seoul, Korea completed Parental Style Questionnaires (PSQ). Mothers' self report on their ideal and actual parenting were explored as a function of child sex, age, and birth order. As expected, there were significant differences between mothers' ideal and actual behaviors in all three parenting domains: Mothers' ideal behaviors such as social interaction, didactic interaction and limit setting were higher than those of their actual behaviors. For mothers' ideal parenting, results revealed neither significant main effects nor interaction effects. However, the Parenting Domain x Birth-Order 2-way interaction and the Parenting Domain x Child Age 2-way interaction were significant for mothers' actual behaviors. Specifically, mothers reported more social and didactic behaviors with their first-born than later born children, but not for limit setting behavior. It was also found that higher limit setting behaviors were apparent for their 2- and 3-year-old than 1-year old children whereas lower social interactions were found for 3-year-old than for 1-year-old. In light of universality and uniqueness, mothers' parenting behavior toward young children has been discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.9
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• pp.71-82
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of child gender and temperament, husbands’ support, and mothers’ psychological well-being on maternal parenting behaviors toward toddlers. Mothers of 214 toddlers responded to questionnaires on the following variables: child temperament, husbands’ support, psychological wellbeing and parenting behaviors. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that: 1) Children being negative emotionality linked with mothers’ high controlling and rejective parenting behaviors and low responsive parenting behaviors directly and indirectly via mothers’ psychological well-being; 2) Husbands’ support was linked with mothers’ low controlling and rejective behaviors through mothers’ high psychological well-being; 3) Mothers’ low psychological well-being was linked to high mothers’ controlling and rejective parenting. The results of this study underscore mothers’ psychological well-being and husbands’ parenting support in predicting mothers’positive parenting.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to review the relationship between parenting daily hassles (PDHs), parenting burden and maltreatment as perceived by Korean and Japanese mothers raising children. In addition, the influence of parenting support, efficiency and satisfaction on child maltreatment were also reviewed. Methods: Data were gathered through self-administered questionnaires given to the mothers using the childcare center in both countries. As for the final procedure, 820 Korea and 700 Japan mothers were statistically processed, and data were analyed through factor analysis and path analysis. Result: The results showed that in both countries, parenting burden caused by PDHs significantly affected physical and mental maltreatment. parenting efficiency and satisfaction as a buffering factor could inhibit mental maltreatment. However, among buffering factors, Korean parenting mothers chose parenting efficiency and Japanese parenting mothers did parenting satisfaction. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is needed parenting mothers are offered on opportunity to take health education programs and to understand their child's behaviors and learn parent's roles of parenting. In addition, local community support is desired.