• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.159-175
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• 2000

This study examined the relations of acculturation and parenting behaviors of 279 Korean-Chinese mothers living in Yanbian Area in China to Adjustment of their eighth- and ninth-grade children. The mothers completed a questionnaire consisted of items regarding daily eating habits(food life) and language use, the acculturation scale, and the parenting scale, and their children completed the depression, self-esteem, and social competence scale. While most of mothers preferred Korean food to Chinese food, they preferred Chinese to Korean in daily language use. The mothers'ethnic identity was negatively related to depression of their children, whereas their out-group orientation was positively related to social competence of their children. In general, the relation between mothers'acculturation and adjustment of their children was not mediated by their parenting behaviors. But maternal warmth and acceptance partly mediated the relation between their out-group orientation and social competence of their children. These results imply that their acculturation tends to have direct effects on adjustment of their children.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.439-454
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore Korean divorced mothers' experiences of noncustodial fathers' involvement in children's lives after divorce and co-parenting relationships. The data were collected from 17 mothers who were divorced between the years of 2004 and 2009, and were raising at least one minor child. Data were analyzed based on the inductive data analysis method. Divorced mothers' experiences of noncustodial fathers' involvement in children's lives after divorce were categorized in three ways: a satisfactory on-going relationship, a dissatisfactory on-going relationship, and a discontinued relationship. The results show that a few mothers were satisfied with the degree of the fathers' involvement in the children's lives 1) if the fathers were interested in their children and responsive to their children, and 2) if the fathers paid either child support or provided some financial supports for their children based on the fathers' financial abilities. However, the majority of the mothers were dissatisfied with the degree of the fathers' involvement in the children's lives. While some of the mothers maintained a relationship with the children's fathers despite their dissatisfaction, others discontinued the relationship. Regarding the co-parenting relationship after divorce, the relationships with the fathers were classified as either cooperative relationships or uncooperative relationships. The majority of the mothers experienced difficulties establishing cooperative co-parenting relationships with the fathers, but three mothers had cooperative relationships. The reasons for these uncooperative relationships were: uncooperative fathers, uncooperative mothers, or ambiguous communication regarding parenting after divorce. These findings suggest parenting education for divorced parents.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between the intention of pregnancy and the parenting stress of mothers with infants. Method: The subjects were 124 mothers of infants who visited the public health center during the periods of June 1 to July 31, 2003. Abidin's parenting stress index and Kim's intention of pregnancy were used. Results: The results of the study are as follows. 1. The general characteristics of mothers' age of the normal infants shows that the thirty was 53.2%, the highest. Of religion the buddhism was the most. Infant's sex distribution shows that the male infants was 48.2%, female was 51.6%. Cesarean section distribution was 43.5%, Normal delivery was 56.5%. Milk feeding distribution was 50.5%. 2. The parenting stress of mothers with infants was total $57.05{\pm}13.73$. 3. The characteristics variables significantly related to the parenting stress of mothers with infants was infants's age(F=3.27, p <.05), and the characteristics variables significantly related to the intention of pregnancy was the mother's occupation(t=1.48, p <.05). 4. There was not a Significant relation between the intention of pregnancy and the parenting stress of mothers with infants. Conclusion: Through the study, to increase the health promotions of Mothers with Infants and infants should be a family planning based on results of the study.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.621-629
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• 2016

This study investigated the moderating effects of marital fondness and admiration as well as the father's involvement in child rearing on the association between parenting stress and marital satisfaction for a comparison of unemployed and employed mothers. The subjects were 159 unemployed mothers and 103 employed mothers with children under 3 years of age. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, unemployed mothers who had a lower level of marital fondness and admiration were dissatisfied with their marriage when they had higher parenting stress. Marital fondness and admiration are necessary for unemployed mothers in their transition period to parents. Especially, it is important for fathers to understand challenging conditions and encourage and support the spouse. However, there was no moderating effect of the father's involvement in child rearing in the association between parenting stress and marital satisfaction. Second, employed mothers who had a lower level of father's involvement in child rearing were dissatisfied with their marriage when they had higher parenting stress. The father's involvement in child rearing is necessary for employed mothers in their transition period to parents. Furthermore, it is important to implement policies at the national level to support childcare hours for balanced work and life. However, there was no moderating effect of marital fondness and admiration for the association between parenting stress and marital satisfaction.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine depression levels of some Korean mothers of preschool children and to find out how much influence their psychological, parenting and relational characteristics have on their depression. Methods: This study has been conducted to analyze depression-related and -influencing factors of the Korean mothers of preschool children [7th Panel Study of Korean Children (2014)]. Correlation analysis has been used to examine the relationship between the mothers' psychological, parenting and relational factors and their depression. Hierarchical analysis has been employed to clarify the factors associated with depression. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis has found out that the significant predictors of the depression of the Korean mothers of preschool children include age, educational and employment status, monthly income, smoking status in Model 1. The significant variable is self-esteem in Model 2, parenting stress in Model 3, and, lastly, marital conflict in Model 4. Conclusion: Through this study, it has been discovered that the psychological characteristics of the Korean mothers of preschool children are the most influential factor affecting their depression. The results suggest that it is necessary to develop a community program for improving self-esteem and reducing parenting stress of Korean mothers of preschool children in their parenting.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.737-747
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of preschoolers' cognitive ability, parenting behavior, and attachment to their mothers and teachers on delay of gratification of preschoolers. The participants of this study were 116 mothers and their 15 teachers of 3-6 year olds from 2 day-care centers in Seoul. T-test, F-test, Correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. First, the result of this study showed that preschoolers' delay of gratification by cognitive ability was significant to only motor intelligence. Second, preschoolers' delay of gratification showed positive correlation with warm-acceptance of parenting. Third, preschoolers' delay of gratification by attachment to their mothers was statistically significant, but it was not significant to their teachers. Fourth, the effect of preschoolers' intelligence, parenting behavior, and attachment to their mothers and teachers on delay of gratification was statistically significant to mothers' warm-acceptance($\beta$=.24, p<.05) and was negatively significant to mothers' permissiveness(.$\beta$=-.35, p<.001).

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.21-42
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• 2023

Objective: This study aims investigate the moderating effect of mothers' overprotective parenting in the influence of young children's competence, as determined by their temperament, on mastery motivation. Methods: An online survey was conducted on 429 mothers with children aged 3-5. The collected data was analyzed using K-means clustering in SPSS 23.0 and the Process macro Model 2. Results: Children's temperaments were categorized into four types : easy-active temperament, easy-inactive temperament, slow temperament, and difficult temperament. It was confirmed that children's competence directly affected their mastery motivation when they had easy-inactive, slow, or difficult temperament. It was also found that mothers' intrusive control had a direct main effect on object persistence when children had easy temperament, while there was no effect on mastery pleasure. The moderating effects of mothers' anxious protection on the pathway from children's competence to object persistence were significant only among children with a slow temperament. Conclusion/Implications: This study highlights the need for mothers to adapt their parenting behavior to their children's temperament type. The study confirmed partial moderating effects of mothers' overprotective parenting in the influence of children's competence, as determined by their temperament, on mastery motivation.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore differences of fathers' and mothers' parenting behaviors, sharing, and stresses by levels of family system functioning in families with young children. Methods: The sample of this study included 1,611 first married couples having at least one child aged under 5 years in the 6th wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC). Results: It was found that fathers' cohesion and flexibility were higher than mothers'. It was also found that there were significant differences in fathers' and mothers' parenting behaviors, sharing, and stresses by the level of family system functioning. Conclusions: This study suggested that the family system functioning are related to parenting in families with young children. Further implication were discussed for enhancing family system functioning and parenting behaviors of young children.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.671-679
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a mother/infant-toddler health program developed to enhance parenting knowledge, behavior and confidence in low income mothers and home environment. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. Sixty-nine dyads of mothers and infant-toddlers (aged 0-36 months) were provided with weekly intervention for seven session. Each session consisted of three parts; first, educating to increase integrated knowledge related to the development of the infant/toddler including nutrition, first aid and home environment; second, counseling to share parenting experience among the mothers and to increase their nurturing confidence; third, playing with the infant/toddler to facilitate attachment-based parenting behavior for the mothers. Results: Following the programs, there were significant increases in parenting knowledge on nutrition and first aid. A significant improvement was found in attachment-based parenting behavior, but not in home safety practice. Nurturing confidence was not significantly increased. The program led to more positive home environment for infant/toddler's health and development. Conclusion: The findings provide evidence for mother-infant/toddler health program to improve parenting knowledge, attachment-based parenting behavior and better home environment in low income mothers. Study of the long term effectiveness of this program is recommended for future research.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.41-62
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of work-family conflict and spousal support resources on parenting stress among working mothers with pre-school children. This study involved a total of 232 working mothers with children enrolled in child care centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do as conducting a survey. First, the higher the work-family conflict (inter-role conflict caused by the impact of work on family life), the higher the family-work conflict (inter-role conflict caused by the impact of family life on work). Moreover, the lower the level of spousal support resources (emotional spousal support resources, instrumental spousal resources), the higher the work-family conflict and family-work conflict. The level of parenting stress was higher in working mothers experiencing greater work-family conflict and family-work conflict both and lower levels of spousal support resources for parenting. Second, the number of children and the amount of work-family conflict and instrumental spousal support resources had a statistically significant impact on parenting stress. Thus, the higher the number of children, the greater the work-family conflict, and the lower the level of instrumental spousal support resources, the higher the level of parenting stress. The findings of this study highlight the relative effects of role conflicts between work and family and of spousal support resources on parenting stress in working mothers. Husbands' being involved in parenting, in particular, was identified as an important support function for healthy child-rearing by successfully combining career and family responsibilities.