• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2022

Two specimens of Apogon unicolor (81.0 mm and 96.3 mm in standard length) belonging to the family Apogonidae were firstly collected by using a gill net from the southwestern coastal waters of Jejudo Island, Korea in July 2013. These species are characterized by having 26 lateral line pores, a first dorsal fin with 6 spines, 2+1+8=11 developed gill rackers, posterior margin of preopercle serrated, without markings and spots on the body. Our specimens are well-matched in their morphological and molecular characteristics with Apogon unicolor previously reported. Thus, we newly add this species to the Korean fish fauna and propose its new Korean name "Jin-hong-eol-ge-bi-neul" because the overall fish body and fins reveal deep red colors.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2022

Unidentified postflexion larva (18.57 mm in standard length, SL), belonging to the family Synodontidae was collected from Jeju Island, Korea, in November 2019. Molecular analysis revealed that the unidentified larva was identical to Synodus kaianus adults in mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I region (Kimura-2-parameter distance, d= 0.006), and was different from the close species S. macrops (d=0.220). The postflexion larva of S. kaianus has the following morphological features: regularly distributed seven peritoneal pigment spots along the alimentary canal; and, intensively distributed stellate melanophores at the middle of the base of caudal fin and behind the last anal fin ray. The postflexion larva of S. kaianus differed from that of S. macrops in snout length and size of peritoneal pigment spots. This is the first record of S. kaianus in Korea, and we suggest the Korean name "Ka-i-ya-kkoch-dong-myeol" for S. kaianus, according to Lee et al. (1999).

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2023

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is mostly damaged in sporting activities. To reconstruct the damaged ACL, a patellar tendon (PT) is often the most preferred graft due to its fast healing and bone integration i.e. bone-patellar tendon-bone graft. Suitability of the PT often depends on the morphometric profile of the tendon. This study reported on the harvestable surface area (SA) of the tendon using a simple tracing method. The PT of 79 adult formalin-fixed cadavers of South Africans of European Ancestry were dissected, and the margins of the PT were traced on a wax paper before the tracings were scanned. The SA, straight proximal width (SPW), curved proximal width (CPW), straight distal width (SDW), curved distal width (CDW) and length of tendon (LOT) from the digitized image of the PT was measured. In addition, the length of the lower limbs was measured to normalize the measurements. The results showed no significant side differences, and the measurements were not sexually dimorphic. A strong correlation was reported for SA vs. LOT, SPW vs. CPW and SDW vs. CDW for both sexes and sides. The presented morphological profile provides additional information on the usability of the graft and with respect to healing and recovery.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

Nineteen strains of Trametes species were collected from the area of Kangwon Province, Korea. They have a variety of color hands and line-up markings on fruit bodies. Most strains were categorized into four types based on color bands, that is, dark brown, light brown, dark gray and light gray. They also have line-up marking shapes from sparse to compact on fruit bodies. In this study, we tried to investigate the relationship between the genetic variation and morphological appearance of these species using the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequence, we used nineteen strains collected in nature and four species of five standard strains (T. versicolor KCTC16781, KCTC26203, T. villosa KCTC06866, T. suaveolens KCTC26205 and T. hirusta KCTC26200). The data of ITS sequences indicated that nineteen strains of T. versicolor have the difference of $1{\sim}6$ base pairs, comparing with standard strains of T. versicolor KCTC16781, and KCTC26203. Phylogenetic analysis of the Trametes species showed that they grouped into a wide range of single clade. Standard strains except T. versicolor KCTC16781 and KCTC26203, formed separated subgroup.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.96-105
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• 2019

The mugilidae fishes are common euryhaline species that live in coastal marine waters to freshwater areas. The taxonomy and nomenclature of the mugilidae fishes still remain unresolved because of their morphological similarities. Among the mugilidae fishes, most commonly consumed in Korea, are grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) and red lip mullet (Chelon haematocheilus). It is generally called 'mullet' without distinguishing between two mullets. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the scientific names and common names of mullet species used in Korea from the domestic journals and Korean old documents. The scientific name of grey mullet is M. cephalus, but that of redlip mullet is C. haematocheilus. But the genus of redlip mullet is still mixed with Chelon, Mugil, and Liza. The standard name of two mullet is not distinguished in the Korean dictionary, but they were clearly distinguished in the Japanese, English, and Chinese dictionaries. In the ancient Korean references, the mullet was called 'Chieo' or 'Sueo'. In most of the old literature, the distinction between grey mullet and redlip mullet is not clear. However, in Jasaneobo, it was written separately from grey mullet and redlip mullet, and attaching "ga" was different from now. The Korean standard name of redlip mullet is 'gasungeo', however, the fishermen in Jeollado and Gyoungsangdo call it 'chamsungeo'. Considering the negative perception of 'ga' character, it is proposed to change 'cham(眞)' instead of 'ga(假)' to improve economic value of red lip mullet.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2018

Natural language processing (NLP) is an emerging research area in which we study how machines can be used to perceive and alter the text written in natural languages. We can perform different tasks on natural languages by analyzing them through various annotational tasks like parsing, chunking, part-of-speech tagging and lexical analysis etc. These annotational tasks depend on morphological structure of a particular natural language. The focus of this work is part-of-speech tagging (POS tagging) on Hindi language. Part-of-speech tagging also known as grammatical tagging is a process of assigning different grammatical categories to each word of a given text. These grammatical categories can be noun, verb, time, date, number etc. Hindi is the most widely used and official language of India. It is also among the top five most spoken languages of the world. For English and other languages, a diverse range of POS taggers are available, but these POS taggers can not be applied on the Hindi language as Hindi is one of the most morphologically rich language. Furthermore there is a significant difference between the morphological structures of these languages. Thus in this work, a POS tagger system is presented for the Hindi language. For Hindi POS tagging a hybrid approach is presented in this paper which combines "Probability-based and Rule-based" approaches. For known word tagging a Unigram model of probability class is used, whereas for tagging unknown words various lexical and contextual features are used. Various finite state machine automata are constructed for demonstrating different rules and then regular expressions are used to implement these rules. A tagset is also prepared for this task, which contains 29 standard part-of-speech tags. The tagset also includes two unique tags, i.e., date tag and time tag. These date and time tags support all possible formats. Regular expressions are used to implement all pattern based tags like time, date, number and special symbols. The aim of the presented approach is to increase the correctness of an automatic Hindi POS tagging while bounding the requirement of a large human-made corpus. This hybrid approach uses a probability-based model to increase automatic tagging and a rule-based model to bound the requirement of an already trained corpus. This approach is based on very small labeled training set (around 9,000 words) and yields 96.54% of best precision and 95.08% of average precision. The approach also yields best accuracy of 91.39% and an average accuracy of 88.15%.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

Using light microscopy, the digestive tract of the parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus was studied histologically. The tract consists of esophagus, stomach, intestine and fifty or sixty pyloric caecae. Each pyloric caecum is a blind sac of banana shape, and is originated from pyloric end of the stomach. The relative length of gut (RLG), that is length of digestive tract to standard length, is 1.78 (n=30). Esophagus has an undeveloped submucosa and a well developed muscularis mucosae. Its mucosa displays primary and secondary folds lined with a cuboidal or columnar epithelium and numerous acidic mucous secretory cells. The stomach has muscularis, which consists of longitudinal and circular muscular layers; its submucosa and muscularis mucosae are well developed. Only primary folds are present in the stomach. Microvilli are present in the epithelial layer. The stomach has a well-developed gastric gland and relatively more secretory granules. Mucosal epithelium of the pyloric caeca is composed of neutral mucous secretory cells and columnar epithelium with developed microvilli in the apical portion. Using the morphological and histological features, the intestine may be divided into anterior, mid and posterior parts. It has an advanced striated border and abundant acidic mucous secretory cells and some neutral mucous secretory cells. The mid intestine has more abundant acidic mucous secretory cells than the anterior and posterior parts. A thick longitudinal muscle is formed in the intestine and its thickness is progressively increased towards the posterior end.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1997

The influence of delayed(1, 2, 3, 4 days) feeding and starvation on morphological change and survival rate of the spotted sea bass larvae was examined at the KORDI laboratories which located at Poryong Power Plant, Poryong-gun, Chungchongnam-do in November, 1996. 1. The larvae of spotted sea bass began to feed on rotifers at 5 days after hatching. In case of non-feeding, all of the larvae died at 9 days after hatching. The larvae which fed 1 day after the normal first feeding schedule(1 day delayed) grew normally and 2 days delayed groups showed 5.3% in survival rate at 9 days after hatching. In case of non-feeding and 3 or 4 days delayed groups, all of the larvae died between 9 and 10 days after hatching. 2. In case of non-feeding, total length of the larvae decreased gradually. 3. The percente ratio of gut height and mytome height to standard length in starved larvae has declined most rapidly compare to other demensions during the non-feeding period. The percente ratio of gut height to mytome height had also difference between unfed and fed larvae. At 9 days after hatching, the ratio of that between fed and unfed larvae were 84.5 % and 52.4 %, respectively. 4. The morphology of starving larvae were characterized as sharpened jaw, projected edge of lower part of clavicle and bending trunk with slenger gut.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.23
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• pp.161-188
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to delve into the morphological types of Sijo in an effort to determine the morphological structure of Sasul-sijo, and it's also attempted to present standard about how to discriminate Pyong-si, Eos-sijo and Sasul-sijo from one another from a morphological standpoint. It's suggested that Si with tee Jangs, six verses and 12 stanzas or more, with three Jangs, seven verses and 14 stanzas or more, and with three Jangs, eight verses and 16 stanzas or more should respectively be called Pyong-sijo, Eos-sijo and Sasul-sijo. After what Sijo was and what's not were discussed, how to distinguish Eos-sijo from Sasul-sijo was described, and finally, the structure of Sasul-sijo was presented. As for Sijo and non-Sijo, the types of works that consisted of tee Jangs, like Sijo, yet didn't suit its framework and Yuljo and were written in Chinese characters were regarded as non-Sijo. Concerning discrimination between Eos-si and Sasul-sijo, the type of Sijo that included one more or higher number of verse(s) and two more or higher number of stanzas in one of three Jangs was defined as Eos-sijo, and the type of Sijo that involved two more or higher number of verses and four more or higher number of stanzas in one of three Jangs was called Sasul-sijo. In other words, Eos-sijo contained one more verse in one of tee Jangs, and Sasul-sijo included one more Jang in one tee Jangs. The sort of Sijo that contained one more Jang in one of three Jangs could be viewed as Sasul-sijo. Regarding the structure of Sasul-si, there should be three Jangs, eight verses and 16 stanzas in one piece of Sasul-sijo. Any type of Sijo that contained two more or higher number of verses and four more or higher number of stanzas could be called Sasul-sijo. Such an addition of verse and stanza could done in various ways. The examples were (1) adding stanzas the first Jang, 2) adding stanzas to the second Jang, (3) adding stanzas to the final Jang, (4) adding stanzas to both the first and Second Jangs, (5) adding stanzas to th the second and final Jangs, and (6) adding stanzas to all the first, second and third Jangs at the same time. Besides, there was an extremely broad gap between the numbers of verse and stanza in Sasul-sijo, which ranged from a low of eight stanzas to a high of 87 ones in one of three Jangs.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.235-238
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• 2014

One specimen (619.0 mm in standard length) of Tentoriceps cristatus, belonging to the family Trichiuridae, was newly collected in the coastal waters of Jeju Island by the bottom trawl. This species was characterized by the following morphological traits: round dorsal profile of head (vs. straight for the similar species, Eupleurogrammus muticus); pelvic fin locating below the 12th dorsal fin ray (vs. 15th~17th); V, 131 dorsal fin rays; 11 pectoral fin rays; 1 pelvic fin ray changed to be a scale-like process; II anal fin rays (second one is changed to be a scale-like process). We suggest the Korean names, "Tu-gu-gal-chi-sok" and "Tu-gu-gal-chi" for the genus and species, respectively.