• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-40
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• 2014

Purpose For living donor liver transplantation, liver segmentation is difficult due to the variability of its shape across patients and similarity of the density of neighbor organs such as heart, stomach, kidney, and spleen. In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation of the liver using multi-planar anatomy and deformable surface model in portal phase of abdominal contrast-enhanced CT images. Method Our method is composed of four main steps. First, the optimal liver volume is extracted by positional information of pelvis and rib and by separating lungs and heart from CT images. Second, anisotropic diffusing filtering and adaptive thresholding are used to segment the initial liver volume. Third, morphological opening and connected component labeling are applied to multiple planes for removing neighbor organs. Finally, deformable surface model and probability summation map are performed to refine a posterior liver surface and missing left robe in previous step. Results All experimental datasets were acquired on ten living donors using a SIEMENS CT system. Each image had a matrix size of $512{\times}512$ pixels with in-plane resolutions ranging from 0.54 to 0.70 mm. The slice spacing was 2.0 mm and the number of images per scan ranged from 136 to 229. For accuracy evaluation, the average symmetric surface distance (ASD) and the volume overlap error (VE) between automatic segmentation and manual segmentation by two radiologists are calculated. The ASD was $0.26{\pm}0.12mm$ for manual1 versus automatic and $0.24{\pm}0.09mm$ for manual2 versus automatic while that of inter-radiologists was $0.23{\pm}0.05mm$. The VE was $0.86{\pm}0.45%$ for manual1 versus automatic and $0.73{\pm}0.33%$ for manaual2 versus automatic while that of inter-radiologist was $0.76{\pm}0.21%$. Conclusion Our method can be used for the liver volumetry for the pre-surgery planning of living donor liver transplantation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2010

This study examines for the processes of making a architectural significant issue of 20 cases form of Beijjng's hotel through analyzing the space composition from early the 1950's to 1992 in China. In the methods of analyzing process, We study the literatures, research reports and architectural drawings including the site survey. We hope to establish the principle in morphological characteristics and space composition of Beijing's high-rise hotels through analyzing the plan of these hotels. Finally, We find out the principles after researching. Firstly, Beijing's hotels in China faced on the being difficulties through the process of national development especially in political and economical conditions of country and peoples. Consequently, size of the Beijing's hotel developed with the fact that is complicated from that is single styles focused on the medium-sized one, modernizing popularity and the high-rise hotel buildings appeared plentifully and the form appeared with tall building putting first. Secondly, there are many immanent and interlocking styles in hotel's architectural block plans, many composition styles in big sized hotels, in opposition immanent styles in small sized ones and there are many trend of concourse style in medium sized hotels. To the layout of hotel's room inside of the linear styles are many in big and medium sized hotels.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2017

Suspended sediment transport plays principal roles in morphological process of natural coastals. It is needed to understand the reason why interaction characteristics of solitary wave and suspended sediment. The present study shows that suspended sediment pickup derived on solitary wave celerity. The 2D prismatic open channel length is 12 m, width is 0.8 m, height is 0.75 m and slope is 1/6. Generation of solitary wave is used by rapidly opening the sluice gate. Bottom surface sediments are laid movable slope section by 0.03 m thickness and experimental sediments are used anathracite and jumoonjin sand. Techniques of suspended sediment pickup rate are designed equipment ASC(Absorptive Suspended sediment Collector). It could directly absorb 5 points suspended sediment by channel water depth. Solitary wave celerity is measued by ADV(Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter). Mounted two video cameras(Model No. : Sony, HDR-XR550) are used to image processing of suspended sediment concentration and turbidity. Suspended sediment pikcup rate(Einstein, 1950) is analyzed to nondimensionalization based on solitary wave celerity. The suspended sediment pickup rate is suggested that more effective plunging breaking type than spilling. The results indicates fundamental suspended sediment transport mechanism between solitary wave celerity and suspended sediment pickup based on laboratory experiments. Finally, the present study suggests that suspended sediment pickup rate by solitary wave is used only characteristics of sediment and solitary wave celerity.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2011

이번 연구는 전산화단층촬영법 (computed tomography)을 이용하여 상악동 측벽의 두께를 측정하고, 상악동 거상술을 위한 측벽창 (lateral wall window)형성 시 가장 적절한 수직적 위치를 평가하고자 한다. 상악동 거상술이 필요한 30명 환자의 전산화단층촬영 방사선영상을 대상으로 분석하였다. 상악동 측벽의 두께는 상악동 하연을 기준으로 수직적 위치에 따라 분류하고, 3회 반복 측정하여 평균을 구하였다. 상악동 측벽의 두께는 상악동 하연 (sinus inferior border, SIB)을 기준으로 상방 2 mm (SIB + 2) 까지는 2 mm 이상으로 관찰되었고, 상악동의 하연을 기준으로 3 mm 상방 (SIB + 3)에서는 2 mm 미만으로 나타났다. 이번 연구에서 근거하여 측방 접근법을 이용한 상악동 거상술에서 측벽창의 위치는 상악골의 하연을 기준으로 약 3 mm 상방에서 형성하는 것이 적절할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 1999

저자들은 1999년 5월에 경기도 남양주군 군부대에서 사육하고 있는 한 마리의 군견 오른쪽 안부 위에서 7마리 (암놈 4마리, 수놈 3마리)의 동양안충을 검출하였다. 이 중 일부는 고정과 lactophenol 액으로 봉입한 후 광학현미경으로 관찰하였으며 일부는 glutaraldehyde액 에 고정하여 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 충체의 암놈 및 수놈의 두부와 꼬리부위의 형태 특징 그리고 충체 표피의 각질, 암놈 음문의 위치 등을 관찰한 결과 동양안충으로 동정하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1997

저자들은 1996년 7월에 강원도 춘천지역에서 농사업을 하는 60세 남자의 좌측 안결막에서 총 10마리의 유백색 선충을 적출하였다. 적출된 충체를 형태학적으로 관찰한 결과 Thelazia callipaeda Railliet et Henry, 1910으로 동정하였으며 , 그 성적은 다음과 같다. 관찰된 유백 색의 충체는 암놈 7마리, 숫놈 3마리였으며 충체의 크기는 암놈 11.91~12.77 $\times$ 0.25~0.26 mm, 숫놈 8.83~9.32 $\times$ 0.24~0.25 mm 였다. 암놈과 숫놈의 구강 깊이는 각각 0.023~0.026, 0.022~0.023 mm이고, 충체 전단에서 식도-장 접합부까지의 길이는 각각 0.58~0.60, 0.56~0.58 mm이었다. 표피소극의 배열은 전단부위에서 mm당 260~290열이고 중앙부위에서 mm당 203~207열 정도의 갯수가 관찰되었다. 그리고 암놈의 자궁내에는 coil상의 성숙된 유충이 관찰되었고 숫놈의 배설강구 전방의 유두수는 8쌍이었다. 이상과 같이 암수 충체에 대한 형태특징을 분석한 결과 Thelazia callipaeda로 동정되었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.249-254
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• 1997

ABA-type block copolymers composed of poly(L-leucine)(PLL) as the A component and poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) as the B component were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization of L-leucine N-carboxyanhydride initiated by primary amino group located at both ends of PEG chain. A silver sulfadiazine(AgSD)-impregnated wound dressing of sponge-type was prepared by the lyophilization method. Morphological structure of this wound dressing obtained by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was composed of a dense skin layer and a macroporous inner sponge layer. Equilibrium water content(EWC) of wound dressing was above 10%. It increased with an increased of PEO content in the block copolymer due to the hydrophilicity of PEO. AgSD release from AgSD- impregnated wound dressing in PBS buffer(pH=7.4) was dependent on PEG composition in the block copolymer. Therefore, EWC and release of AgSD can be control by PEG composition. Antibacterial capacity of AgSD-impregnated wound dressing was examined in agar plate against Pseudmonas aeruginosa and Stapplococus aruous. Cytotoxicity of the wound dressing was evaluated by studing mouse skin fibroblast(L929). From the behavior of antimicrobial releasing and the investigation of the suppression of bacterial proliferation, it was supposed that the wound dressing containing antibiotics could protect the wound surfaces from bacterial invasion to suppress the bacterial proliferation effectively. In cytotoxicity observation, cellular damage was reduced by the control led released of AgSD from the LEL sponge matrix of AgSD-medicated wound dressing. In vivo test, granulous tissue formation and wound contraction or the AgSD and DHEA impregnated wound dressing were aster than any other groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2011

Objective: Laser-assisted intracytoplasmic sperm injection (LA-ICSI), also known as micro-opening or thinning of the zona pellucida (ZP) prior to ICSI, may help to reduce mechanical damage to the oocyte during the procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and analyze the efficacy of our institutional LA-ICSI program, which features laser-assisted ZP thinning prior to ICSI, in comparison with conventional ICSI (C-ICSI), performed on patients with different clinical characteristics. Methods: Patients undergoing a total of 212 ICSI cycles were randomly divided into an LA-ICSI group (106 cycles) and a conventional ICSI group (106 cycles). To reduce tissue damage, we thinned the ZP by approximately 70%, using a laser, before ICSI. Patients thus treated formed the LAICSI group. Comparisons included the morphological quality of transferred embryos, blastocyst development of the remaining embryos, and clinical pregnancy, in terms of ICSI method and patient characteristics. Results: Fertilization, development of remaining embryos, and pregnancy rate were significantly higher in the LA-ICSI group compared with the C-ICSI group. Fertilization, embryonic development, and the pregnancy rate were all improved in younger patients (<38 years of age) and in those who underwent a low number of IVF-ET attempts (<3 trials). In addition, the pregnancy rate was increased in older patients. Conclusion: LA-ICSI may be useful in improving the chance of pregnancy in all ICSI patients.

• 치과방사선
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1981

The author analysed the interrelation between the morphologic changes of bone Structures and the position of condylar head from the routine radiographs of 134 cases of the temporomandibular joint arthrosis. The frequencies of coincidence between the site of bone defrmity and condylar head positional change were examined. Also, the positional changes of condylar head and the direction of condylar movement in relation to the kind of bone deformities were observed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. In 52.65 per cent of total cases, the site, of positional change of condylar head was coincided with the site of bone deformans. The frequencies of the coincidence between these in the five items among seven items examined were above 53 per cent. From the results, it seems that the positional changes of condylar head were related with the morphological change of bone structure. 2. Eburnation and erosion. revealed frequently positional changes in the opening and closing position of the mouth, although in the early stages of the TMJ arthrosis. 3. In the bone deformans, during opene position of the mough 44.81 per cent of total cases revealed backword movement and 37.74 per cent showed forward movement. In closed position of the mouth, downward movement was revealed in 35.23 per cent of total cases and upward movement 28.41 per ,cent of total cases. 4. In the cases showing eburnation, the frequencies of coincidence between the site of positional change and bone deformans were 58.57 per cent of the total cases. that means it was high in the early stages of the TMJ arthrosis.

• 폴리머
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 2004

약물 전달체로서 메톡시 폴리(에틸렌 글리콜) (MPEG, methoxypolyethylene glycol)과 생분해성 폴리에스테르 계열의 카프로탁톤 ($\varepsilon$-CL, $\varepsilon$-caprolactone)으로 구성된 MPEG-PCL 블록 공중합체를 개환중합을 통해 합성하였다. MPEG-PCL의 결정성과 열적특성은 X선 굴절계와 시사주차열량계를 통하여 분석하였다 모델 단백질로서 알부민 (FITC-BSA, albumin bovine-fluorescein isothiocyanate)과 블록 공중합체를 동결 제분 후, 직접압축 성형방법에 의해 웨이퍼를 제조하였다. 알부민의 방출은 pH 7.4 인산염완충액을 사용하여 37$^{\circ}C$에서 14일 동안 관찰하였다. 알부민의 방출양은 형광분광기를 통하여 FITC의 강도에 의해 결정되었다. 웨이퍼의 형태학적 관찰은 디지털 카메라와 전자주사현미경을 통하여 관찰하였다. 알부민의 방출 속도와 초기 burst는 MPEG-PCL 블록 공중합체의 분절 내에서 폴리(에틸렌 글리롤)의 분자량이 증가할수록 또한 폴리카프로락톤의 분자량이 감소할수록 많은 초기방출과 단축된 방출기간을 보였다.