• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2018

The majority parasitic bee mites of Thailand in genus Tropilaelaps are infesting colonies of native bees (Apis dorsata) and introduced bees (A. mellifera). The investigation aims to study morphological and genetic variation of Tropilaelaps mites infected different hosts. Adult mites were collected from honey bee brood throughout Thailand. Traditional and geometrical morphometrics were measured on photograph by using TPS program. Additional, COI gene variations were examined by PCR-RFLP and nucleotides sequencing. Tree of mites relationships were constructed by NJ and MP assumptions. Morphometric results indicated T. mercedesae were major species infesting on A. dorsata and A. mellifera. Mophological variation represented at anal and epigynial plate, which the shape of the anal plate apex margin has been key character to identify between T. mercedesae (bell to blunt shape) and T. koenigerum (pear shape). However, the discriminant analysis suggested that geometric results were potential to classify Thai Tropilaelaps populations from different hosts better than traditional morphometric. Otherwise, PCR-RFLP clearly detected the site of Dra I and Xba I digestion of Thai Tropilaelaps morphotypes. The COI sequences of T. koenigerum were founded infesting only A. dorsata in Thailand and four sequences that related to the Thai T. mercedesae morphotypes. The NJ and MP tree were clearly classified Thai Tropilaelaps species which were suggested both from morphological and molecular analysis. This information might be basically of taxonomic status, but this should have implication for controlling these mites in Thailand and other countries.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2023

Seventy Pipistrellus abramus samples were caught to analyze their sexual dimorphism and mophological characteristics. The mean HB and FA were 50.86 mm and 34.93 mm, respectively, based on external measurements and skull shape. The length of the TL, Hfcu, and Tra were approximately 70%, 55.6%, and 38% of the HB, Tib, and E, respectively. Both the lambdoid crest and the sagittal crest were well developed and the H.BC was approximately 84% of the W.BC. P2 was inside the toothrow and metacone of canine was clearly visible. According to the analysis of sexual dimorphism, the following characteristics were different in between males and females: WS, C-M³, C-C, M³-M³, LOM, LUC, and i-m³. The WS, C-M³, C-C, M³-M³, LOM, and i-m³ were bigger in females than males, whereas the LUC was bigger in males.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.14-23
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the anatomical characteristics, the radial and axial variation of the cell dimension and bulk density for four bamboo species used as the major material of bamboo products in Korea; Phyllostachys(P.bambusoides, P.edulis, P.nigra var.henonis, and Pnigra). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) In the outer part of culm, the mophological difference of cell diameter and distribution were not acknowledged. However, gum-like substance was occurred In the epidermis, hypodermis, cortex and metaxylem vessel of P.nigra, while it was occured only in the metaxylem vessel of P.edulis. 2) The protoxylem vessel in the central zone of culm-wall could be in the two types; the first type consisted of 4-5 small cell pieces occurred in P.edulis and P.nigra var. henonis, the second type of 1-2 large cell pieces in P.bambusoides and P.nigra. And transition of cell diameter from the vascular bundle sheath to the ground tissue was gradually enlarged in P.nigra and P.edulis but abruptly in P.bambusoides and P.nigra var. henonis. 3) Thin-wall tyloses were well developed in the outer and central zone of culm-wall in four species. 4) Compared with the central part of culm-wall, the number of parenchyma cells and the amount of the vascular bundle sheaths per unit area were a few in the inner part. The inner part nearest to the pith cavity was consisted of thick-well parenchyma cell. 5) The dimensional variations of metaxylem vessel and parenchyma cell in the radial direction were decreased from the inner part to the epidermis in all species observed. 6) The fiber length was the maximum in the central zone and its diameter was increased from the inner part to the outer part. In the axial variation. fiber length was slightly increased from the base and then decresed slowly toward the top, and its diameter was reverse. 7) The axial variation of the bulk density was continuously increased from the base toward the top and its radial variation was rapidly increased from the inner part to the epidermis.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 1984

퇴비 온천 논밭토양 등으로부터 항생물질을 생산하는 호열성 곰팡이를 분리하고 그 생산조건을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. $45^{\circ}C$에서 생육하는 곰팡이 중 항균력이 강한 H-3균주를 선발하였다. 2. H-3 균주는 형태적 특성에 따라 Aspergillus fumigatus의 근연균으로 동정되었다. 3. 최적배지의 조성은 glucose 20g, $NaNO_3$ 3g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1g, $CaCl_2$ 0.5g, $MgSo_4$ 0.5g, $FeSO_4$ 0.005g이었다. 4. 항생물질 생산을 위한 최적 pH와 온도는 각각 pH5 및 $40^{\circ}C$이었다. 5. 최적 조건하에서 항생물질 생산은 14mm의 저태환으로 72hrs후에 최고에 달하였다. 6. 조정제한 항생물질은 그람양성 및 그람음성 세균과 효모에는 활성이 높았으나 곰팡이에 대해서는 항균력을 볼수 없었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.209-212
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• 1994

Mophological normal of unfertilized oocytes, which was collected 12-14 hours after human Chorionic Gonadotropin(jCG) injection, was not influenced by chronically adiministration of cocaine for 2 weeks in mice. Proportion of normal unfertilized oocytes in non-cocaine treated group (control), `0 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg cocaine treated group based on body weight with subcutaneous(s.c.) daily injection of cocaine for 2 weeks were 92.9%, 85.6% and 90.9%, respectively. There is no significant difference between control and cocaine treated groups. Two to 8 cell stage embryos collected 24-48 hours post hCG in control group were 66.7%, whereas, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg groups treated with cocaine was 12.5% and 27.3% respectively. Although control and treated groups are significantly different (p<0.05) the developmental score of 2 to 8 cell stage embryos collected at 24-48 hours post HCG, there is no difference between 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg treated with cocaine groups. These results indicated that the normal embryos of the roups of cocaine administration were significantly amested when compared with that of control group. The proportion of 2 to 8 cell stage embryo reaching the blastocyst stage, which were cultured 48-52 hours with 5% $Co_2$ in air at $37^{\circ}C$, were 93.9% in control group and, 70.4% and 71.9% in each 10 mg/kg and to blastocyst in vitro culture was significantly limited embryos obtained from cocanized mice compared with those of control mice. These results suggest that episode of cocaine intoxication can cause impaiment of early embrygenesis in the mouse.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.261-269
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• 2009

To evaluate the effect of antioxidant on the cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cultured human skin melanocytes, colorimeric assay of XTT and tyrosinase activity assay were adopted after human skin melanocytes were preincubated for 2 hours in the media containing various concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) before the treatment of hydrogen peroxide. Light microscopic study was carried out in same cultures. The results of this study were as follows 1. Cell viability of human skin melanocytes was significantly decreased by 30 and $40{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), respectively. 2. XTT50 was determined at $30{\mu}M$ after human skin melanocytes were treated with $10{\sim}40{\mu}M$ of hydrogen peroxide for 6 hours. 3. The cell viability of cultured human skin melanocytes pretreated with SOD was increased than that of cultured human skin melanocytes treated with $H_2O_2$ dose-dependently. 4. In tyrosinase activity of human skin melanocytes, the cell treated with SOD showed brown stain compared with $H_2O_2$ treated cells, dark stain. 5. In light microscopy, cultured human skin melanocytes exposed to $H_2O_2$ showed morphological changes such as the decreased cell number and cytoplasmic processes, compared with control. 6. In light microscopy, cultured human skin melanocytes pretreated with SOD showed the increase of cell number and cytoplasmic processes compared with $H_2O_2-treated$ group. From these results, it is suggested that oxidative stress of ROS such as $H_2O_2$ has cytotoxicity by showing the decreased cell viability, the increased tyrosinase activity and mophological changes of the decreased cell number and cytoplasmic processes. While, antioxidant like SOD was effective in the prevention of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity by the increased cell viability, decreased tyrosinase activity and the protection of degenerative morphological changes in cultured human skin melanocytes.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 1998

온실 토양으로부터 주요 작물 병원균의 생육을 억제하는 길항곰팡이를 분리, 동정하였고, 그 균이 분비하는 향균물질을 분리하여 활성을 petriplate assay로 검정했다. 길항균의 foot cell, 분생포자 및 MY20 배지상의 균사 등 형태학적 특징에 근거하여 이 균을 Aspergillus terreus로 동정하였다. A. terreus의 배양여액을 chloroform으로 추출하고, 그 추출물을 column chromatography와 thin layer chromatography로 향균물질을 순수분리하였으며, 화학구조는 butyrolactone I이었다. 이 물질의 주요 작물병원균에 대한 $ED_{50}$은 Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora capsici. Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, 그리고 Fusarium oxysporum에 각각 9.7, 42.6, 23.3, 13.7, 102.7 ppm으로 나타났다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.132-135
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• 2014

한반도 미기록 귀화식물인 민털비름(Amaranthus powellii S. Watson)을 경기도 의정부시 자일동에서 발견하였다. 본 종은 미국 남서부와 멕시코 북부 원산으로 현재 전세계 온대지역에 널리 귀화된 상태이다. 본 종은 근연분류군인 가는털비름(A. patulus Bertol.)과 긴털비름(A. hybridus L.)에 비해 잎은 넓은 침형, 능형 또는 피침형으로 화피편의 길이가 서로 다르고 뚜렷한 녹색의 중앙맥이 없으며 열매가 주두쪽으로 올라가면서 서서히 좁아지는 특징으로 구별된다. 국명은 가는털비름, 긴털비름, 털비름(A. retroflexus L.)과 유사하나 줄기와 잎에 털이 현저히 적은 특징을 바탕으로 '민털비름'이라 하였다. 본 분류군의 외부형태적 특징에 대한 기재, 사진, 도해 그리고 근연분류군과의 검색표 등을 제시하였다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2004

Nicotine(2~15mg/kg 2주간, 100mg/kg 회 투여)을 생후 4개월령 수컷 생쥐에 투여한 후, 고환에 미치는 광학현미경적 소견은 다음과 같다. 1. Nicotine 2mg/kg 투여군에서는 정세관과 정세관 주위의 Leydig 세포도 핵과 세포질이 뚜렷한 정상적인 소견을 나타내었으나, 5 mg/kg 투여군에서는 Leydig 세포의 핵과 세포질이 다소 비후되었으며, 염색정도가 약하였다. 2. 10 mg/kg 투여군은 대부분 정세관내의 정자발생의 배열이 불규칙적으로 존재하여, 정세관의 단계를 구분할 수 없었고, Leydig 세포도 핵이 융해되어 관찰되지 않았고, 세포질 역시 불명확하게 나타났다. 3. 15 mg/kg 투여군에서는 정모세포 및 정자세포의 핵과 세포질이 파괴되었으며, 정세관의 내강이 관찰되지 않을 정도로 섬유화된 결합조직이 채워져 있었다.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 1989

우리나라 연안과 담수역에 서식하는 큰가시고기과(Gasterosteidae)어류의 많은 표본은 1988년 3월부터 1989년 6월까지 채집하여 이들의 형태변이와 분류학적 위치에 대하여 검토하였다. 큰가시고기 Gasterosteus aculeatus 6개 조사집단의 체측인판수는 모두 32-35개였고 그 형태는 완판형으로 국내에서는 아직 육봉형이라고 생각된느 저판형이나 반판형은 발견되지 않았다. G. aculeatus의 척추골수, 세파수, 지느러미 기조수 등의 계수형질이나, 두장, 안경 및 등지느러미가시길이의 계측치는 집단간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 가시고기 Pungitius sinensis와 잔가시고기 P. kaibarae ssp. 집단의 체측인판수는 모두 31-35개의 완판형이었고, 등지느러미가시 기조수, 척추골수 및 체고비등에 있어서 2종간에 구별되었지만, 잔가시고기 P. kaibarae ssp.의 집단에는 등지느러미가시 기조막에 담회색을 띤 표본(White form)이 출현하였는데 이것은 이들이 서식하는 환경과 관련된 변이라고 본다. 이 2종의 염색체의 수는 모두 2N=42로서 서로 같지만 G.aculeatus의 핵형은 metacentrics이 6개, submetacentrics이 6개 subtelo-acrocentrics이 30개이고, P. sinensis와 P. kaibarae ssp.는 모두 metacentrics이 4개, submetacentrics이 4개 subtelo-acrocentrics이 34개로 2속 사이에는 서로 달랐다.