• BMB Reports
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.232-238
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• 1999

Sex differences in the induction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and the activities of several related enzymes of Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 1-bromopropane (1-BrP) were investigated. Male and female rats were exposed to 50, 300, and 1800 ppm of 1-BrP per kg body weight (6 h a day,S days a week, 8 weeks) by inhalation. The mean body weight of 1-BrP treated groups increased according to the day elapsed, but four and five weeks respectively after the start of the exposure, the mean body weight of male and female rats had significantly reduced in the group treated with 1800 ppm 1-BrP compared with the control group (p<0.01). While the relative weights of liver increased in both sexes, statistical significance in both sexes was found only in the group receiving 1800 ppm/kg of 1-BrP (p<0.01). The total contents of CYP, $b_5$, NADPH-P-450 reductase, NADH $b_5$ reductase, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), pentoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (PROD), and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase (pNPH) activities were examined for the possible effects of 1-BrP. No significant changes in the CYP and $b_5$ contents, NADPH-P-450 reuctase, NADH $b_5$ reductase, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), and pentoxyresorufin- O-dealkylase (PROD) were observed between the control and treated groups. The activity of pNPH increased steadily with the increase in the concentration of 1-BrP in both sexes, but was significantly increased only in the 1800 ppm-treated group of male rats (p<0.05). When Western blottings were carried out with three monoclonal antibodies (MAb 1-7-1, MAb 2-66-3, and MAb 1-98-1) which were specific against CYP1A1/2, CYP2B1/2, and CYP2E1, respectively, a strong signal corresponding to CYP2E1 was observed in microsomes obtained from rats treated with 1-BrP. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and the content of lipid peroxide significantly increased in the treated groups compared with the control group (p<0.05). These results suggest that 1-BrP can primarily induce CYP2E1 as the major form and that GST phase II enzymes play important roles in 1-BrP metabolism, showing sex-dependence in the metabolic mechanism of 1-BrP in the rat liver.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.307-322
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• 1996

The corpus luteum (CL) is formed by the action of a surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) on the pre-ovulatory follicle. Luteal cells derived from granulosa and theca interna cells continue to secrete progesterone for about two weeks. LH in domestic animals is essential for the normal secretion of progesterone at all stages of the luteal phase. For this process in the rodents, 20$\alpha$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20$\alpha$-HSD) is indispensable. 20$\alpha$-HSD is an enzyme to be a biologically inactive steroid. This enzyme plays a critical role in the regulation of the rat luteal function and reported to be present in steroid-producing tissues such as the testis and adrenal gland. We have purified 20$\alpha$-HSD and found two distinct 20$\alpha$-HSD molecules (HSD-1 and HSD-2). Their molecular weights are both estimated to be 33kd.The amino acid compositions of HSD-1 and HSD-2 are mostly similar, but there is a slight difference in the content of lysine. We demonstrated that 1) CL of previous generations contribute more to whole ovarian 20$\alpha$-HSD activity, 2) newly formed corpora lutea contain only 20$\alpha$-HSD-1 activity, and 3) old CL express activities of each HSD isozyme as shown in the luteal tissue of cycling rats on the day of diestrus where only degenerating old CL exist. The increase in 20$\alpha$-HSD activity identified seems to be related to the increase in the numbers of 20$\alpha$-HSD-positive cells. Interestingly, 20$\alpha$-HSD-1 activities were strongly found in the follicle fluids and theca interna cells by immunohistochemical study. Thus, the activity of 20$\alpha$-HSD may be related to a survival mechanism of those luteal cells and follicles remaining in the ovaries. Luteal cells arise from two sources. The small luteal cells are all of theca cell origin, while the large luteal cells are mainly of granulosa cell origin. CL of Korean Native Cattle, as those of other animal species, contains two morphologycally and functionally distinct luteal cell populations, such as small and large luteal cells as well as nonluteal cells. In all reproductive states except in the late luteal phase, the bovine CL also contained more small luteal cells than large luteal cells. Luteal tissue secretes a variety of growth factors (proteins) and the pattern of secretion changes during all stages of the luteal phase. These growth factors could be important in regulating the function of the bovine corpus luteum and may act in a potential endocrine autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Therefore, further work has to be done to elucidate the role of growth factors in the ovary, especially in the corpus luterum. Interest should be focussed on interaction of these growth factors in the regulation of luteal cell and the localization of cytokine synthesis in differnet luteal cells.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.594-597
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• 2004

본 연구는 돈육후지에서 추출한 염용성 단백질을 키토올리고당과 키토산의 분자량과 첨가량을 달리하여 pH와 점도를 측정하였으며, 가열 겔의 pH와 수분함량 및 경도를 측정하여 키토산첨가가 육제품의 물성에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위하여 실시하였다. 키토산과 염용성 단백질 혼합물의 pH는 저분자 키토올리고당의 경우 0.45% 첨가 시 pH가 높아졌으나, 중분자 키토산을 0.45% 첨가 시 또는 고분자 키토산을 0.3% 이상을 첨가하였을 경우 pH가 오히려 낮았다(p<0.05). 점도는 첨가량이 0.3% 이상의 수준에서 중분자와 고분자 키토산 처리구가 저분자 키토올리고당 처리구나 대조구보다 높은 값을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 반면 가열 겔의 pH, 수분함량 및 경도에서는 키토산의 분자량과 첨가량에 따른 효과가 나타나지 않았다(p>0.05). 이상의 결과를 종합하면 키토산과 염용성 단백질의 혼합물에서 중분자나 고분자 키토산을 0.3% 이상 첨가 시 증가되었던 점성이 가열처리에 의해 겔이 형성됨으로써 경도의 차이가 미미해졌으나 다양한 첨가물과 가열공정에 의한 실제적인 육제품에서는 그 결과가 달라질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로의 연구에서 키토산을 실질적인 육제품에 첨가했을 때 어떠한 효과를 나타내는지 모델연구와 비교 및 평가가 요구된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2018

The mechanism of the previously reported antidiabetic effect of Basella alba is unknown. This study investigated the role of B. alba aqueous leaf extract in the modulation of inflammatory cytokines and islet morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar rats, between 8 and 10 weeks old, were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) and administered the following treatments: Healthy control (H-c) and Diabetic control (D-c) animals received normal saline 0.5 mL/100 g body weight daily, while Healthy Treatment (H-Ba) and Diabetic Treatment (D-Ba) rats received the plant extract 200 mg/kg body weight daily. All treatments were administered by oral gavage. Diabetes was induced in D-c and D-Ba rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg body). The body weight and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels were recorded every week for 4 weeks, after which the rats were euthanized and samples collected for further analysis. After the experiment, FBS level was significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) in rats in the D-Ba group, but increased (p < 0.001) in rats in the D-c group. The absolute (H-c and H-Ba vs D-c, p < 0.05) and relative (D-Ba vs H-c, p < 0.05; D-Ba vs H-Ba, p < 0.005) weights of the pancreases were significantly higher after the experiment. The rats in the D-c group had significantly higher levels of serum interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (p < 0.001 vs H-c; p < 0.05 vs H-Ba and D-Ba) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (p < 0.0001), but lower levels of interleukin-10 (p < 0.05) in comparison with the other groups. Histopathological examination revealed severe interstitial congestion, reduced islet area (p < 0.0001), and increased islet cell density in the D-c group compared with those in the D-Ba group. From these findings, it was concluded that the aqueous extract of B. alba stimulates the recovery of beta-islet morphology in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats by modulating the peripheral production of inflammatory cytokines.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2003

해안가 토양으로부터 강력한 chitinase 활성을 가진 Bacillus cereus KJA-118이 분리.동정되었다. B. cereus KJA-118은 1% colloidal chitin이 포함된 배지를 pH 6.0으로 조절한 후 $30^{\circ}C$ 에서 4일동안 호기적으로 배양했을 때 가장 높은 chitinase 효소활성을 보였다. 탄소원 (crab shell powder, chitin powder, colloidal chitin, and R. solani 균사)에 따른 chitinase 활성은 R. solani 균사를 사용했을 때 가장 높았다. Glycol chitin 0.01%가 포함된 gel에서 전기영동 후 활성 염색한 결과, B. cereus KJA-118에 의해 생산되는 chitinase는 분자량이 68, 47, 37 KDa인 3개의 isoform이 검출되었다. 액체 배지에서 미리 배양한 B. cereus KJA-118과 R. solani를 다시 혼합 배양했을 때, 곰팡이의 세포벽이 완전히 파괴되었다. R. solan가 감염된 토양에 B. cereus KJA-118의 배양액을 처리했을 때 28.1%의 오이 모잘록병 억제 효과를 확인하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 2006

Ferritin is a major eukaryotic protein and in humans is the protein of iron storage. A partial gene fragment of ferritin (255 bp) taken from the total RNA of Periserrula leucophryna, was amplified by RT-PCR using oligonucleotide primers designed from the conserved metal binding domain of eukaryotic ferritin and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Using the $^{32}P-labeled$ partial ferritin cDNA fragment, 28 different clones were obtained by the screening of the P. leucophryna cDNA library prepared in the Uni-ZAP XR vector, sequenced and characterized. The longest clone was named the PLF (Periserrula leucophryna ferritin) gene and the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of this novel gene were deposited in the GenBank databases with accession numbers DQ207752 and ABA55730, respectively. The entire cDNA of PLF clone was 1109 bp (CDS: 129-653), including a coding nucleotide sequence of 525 bp, a 5' -untranslated region of 128 bp, and a 3'-noncoding region of 456 bp. The 5'-UTR contains a putative iron responsive element (IRE) sequence. Ferritin has an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 174 amino acids including a hydrophobic signal peptide of 17 amino acids. The predicted molecular weights of the immature and mature ferritin were calculated to be 20.3 kDa and 18.2 kDa, respectively. The region encoding the mature ferritin was subcloned into the pT7-7 expression vector after PCR amplification using the designed primers and included the initiation and termination codons; the recombinant clones were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) or E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysE. SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis showed that a ferritin of approximately 18 kDa (mature form) was produced and that by iron staining in native PAGE, it is likely that the recombinant ferritin is correctly folded and assembled into a homopolymer composed of a single subunit.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2013

녹농균과 아시네토박터 바우마니는 병원에서 중요한 기회감염 균주이며 대부분의 항생제에 내성이다. 다제내성 녹농균(MDRPA)과 아시네토박터 바우마니(MDRAB)는 심각한 원내 감염을 일으키고 메티실린 내성 황색포도상구균(MRSA) 보다 치료가 어렵다. 비피도박테리아는 많은 유익한 프로바이틱스 중 하나로 그들의 항균활성에 대한 많은 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 한국인으로부터 분리한 비피도박테리움 속 균주들의 MDRPA와 MDRAB에 대한 항균활성을 조사하였다. 시프로플록사신, 토브라마이신, 겐타마이신, 메로페넴과 세프타지딤에 내성을 보이는 MDRPA와 MDRAB에 대한 비피도박테리움 속 균주들의 항균활성은 흡광도를 이용한 액체배지희석법에 의해 측정되었다. 모든 비피도박테리아 분리균주(비피도박테리움 어돌레센티스 9균주, 비피도박테리움 롱검 3균주와 비피도박테리움 슈도카테눌라툼 2균주) 중 비피도박테리움 슈도카테눌라툼 SPM1309의 배양 상등액은 MDRPA와 MDRAB에 대한 강한 증식 억제 효과를 보여주었다. 배양 시간 동안 혼합액의 탁도는 변화되지 않았으며, 이 억제 효과는 정균 작용이었다. 게다가 항균활성은 분자량 10 kDa 미만의 분획물에서 나타났으며, $70^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 열처리 한 후에서 항균활성이 유지되었기 때문에 활성물질은 열에 안정하였다. 본 연구결과는 MDRPA와 MDRAB 감염증의 대체치료법을 위한 비피도박테리움 슈토카테눌라툼 SPM1309의 잠재적인 가능성을 보여준다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.265-270
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• 2003

고분자 젤은 높은 이온 전도도를 가지는 대신에 나쁜 기계적 물성 때문에 많은 문제점을 가지고 있다. 다소 낮은 이온 전도도를 나타내면서 기계적, 열적, 화학적, 전기 화학적으로 우수한 특성을 가지는 근식 고체계와, 고분자 복합재료에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구는 PEO-LiClO$_4$(8:1)에 기초한 고체 고분자 전해질에 액체 상의 가소제가 아닌 고체 상으로 가소제의 역할을 하는 세라믹과 고무를 첨가시켜서 이온 전도도와 기계적 물성을 증가시키는 것에 대한 것이다. 이온 전도도는 세라믹 상과 고무상을 도입한 두 가지 경우 모두 ~$10^{-5}$ $cm^{-1}$ / 정도로 비슷하게 나타났는데, 이는 현재까지 연구되어진 것 중 최고의 값을 가지는 것과 비슷했다. 더 높은 이온 전도도를 얻기 위하여 다양한 분자량 (600~8000)을 가진 고분자를 혼합하였고, 염의 함량에 변화를 주었다. 염의 첨가와 첨가된 염의 함량에 따라 높은 결정성을 가지는 PEO가 무정형으로 바뀌는 것을 DSC 곡선을 통해 알 수 있었고, 다양한 함량의 LiClO$_4$를 첨가한 경우 고분자 유동성의 변화를 FT-IR을 통해 알 수 있었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2011

Purpose: Choukroun's platelet-rich-fibrin (PRF) is composed of platelets, white blood cells and fibrin matrix. It does not induce enough bone formation by itself but it can improve bone formation with calcium. Silk fibroin does not cause inflammatory reactions because it is bio-compatible and degradable. The purpose of this study was to exam the bone formation when a combination of Choukroun's PRF and silk fibroin was used. Methods: In this study, cell reactions to silk powder with differing molecular weights was first tested to select the appropriate silk powder. Then we applied these bone graft materials on defects of skull and in a peri-implant bony defect model in New Zealand rabbits. The results between the experimental and control s (non-grafted) group were analyzed. Results: The small sized silk fibroin powder showed increased cellular proliferation for bone-regeneration. There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group at 6 weeks, but more new bone formation was observed in the combination graft group at 12 weeks (P<0.05). And in the dental implant model, the combination bone graft group showed much improved torque test results, which was statistically significant. Histomorphometric analysis showed more regenerated cortical bone and a higher mean bone to implant in the experimental group. Both were statistically significant. Conclusion: The combination graft of Choukroun's platelet-rich-fibrin (PRF) and silk fibroin powder can successfully restore the bony defects in a skull defected model and a peri-implant bony defects model.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제27권1호통권88호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1999

영지 균사체의 액체 배양에 의하여 생산된 세포의 다당시료 분획 중 우수한 항암활성을 나타내었던 산성분획인 BWS-DA-GI의 구조를 균사체 유래의 산성 다당 분획(MWS-DA-GI)과 비교하면서 조사하였다. BWS-DA-GI의 구성성분을 검토한 결과, 다량의 glucose, mannose 및 galactose와 미량의 xylose 및 fucose를 함유하였으며, glucose, galactose 및 mannose의 몰비는 2.5:2.1:2.5이었다. 반면, 균사체 유래의 산성 다당 분획인 MWS-DA-GI는 다량의 galactose, fucose, mannose 및 glucose와 미량의 xylose를 함유하였다. 또 BWS-DA-GI의 구조를 균사체 유래의 다당 분획인 MWS-DA-GI와 비교하면서 과요오드 산화, Smith분해, affinity chromatography 및 메칠화 분석으로 조사한 결과, 두 시료 모두 ${\beta}-1,3-glucan$이었고, BWS-DA-GI는 1,6분지를 보유하고 있는 반면, MWS-DA-GI는 1,4 및 1,6분지를 함께 보유하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 분자량은 각각 1,200,000 및 1,000,000 dalton이었다.