• 소성∙가공
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2015

The development of polishing technology has enabled the production of injection molds with high quality surfaces and shapes. For products such as mobile phones which require high quality performance the use of plastic materials has many constraints such as shrinkage and deflection. The purpose of the current research is to use reverse engineering in order to find and analyze the data of a selected aspherical lens and then creating a process to design an improved lens. Additionally, the improved lenses are subject to molding analysis. In order to solve this problem, the lens construction program, Zemax, was used to analyze and optimize performance. In the case of optimization, the object was to eliminate spherical aberration and to find good MTF data. The result of the optimization data was similar to the MTF data found from a random lens. Specific resin and analysis conditions were selected and CAD modeling was done to enhance the injection molding analysis.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.668-675
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• 2006

In the partial squeeze casting process, the filling behavior of liquid metal and solidification pattern in thick area have significant influence on the quality of casting products and die life. For the optimal casting design of automobile transmission gear housing, various analyses were performed in this study by using computer simulation code, MAGMAsoft and the simulation results were compared and analyzed with experimental results. By air pressure criteria, internal porosities caused by air entrap during the mold filling were predicted and reduced remarkably by modification of gating system. Also, optimal squeeze-time lag to apply partial squeeze pin in thick area was calculated and the castings was free from shrinkage defects with the result of solidification analysis. Consequently, casting design for automobile transmission gear housing was optimized and approved by Computer Tomography.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2018

사출 성형에서 금형 온도는 성형품의 품질에 큰 영향을 준다. 어느 정도의 온도가 적정한가는 성형 재료, 성형품에서 요구되는 품질에 의해서 결정되고 중요한 것은 그 온도가 안정적이어야 한다. 먼저 그 수지에 적합한 금형 온도 조건 범위 내에서 성형품이 요구하는 품질에 맞는 금형 온도를 설정해야 한다. 즉, 성형품의 표면 광택, 성형 사이클의 단축, 변형 방지, 수축 및 수지 흐름의 용이성 등의 중요성에 의해서 금형 온도는 변화한다. 실질적인 금형 기술 향상을 위해서 사출 금형을 설계하고 제작하는 산업체에서 적용할 수 있는 온도 제어에 대한 애로 기술 과정의 훈련 모형을 제시하고자 한다.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2014

일반사출성형은 공정 중 보압단계에서 캐비티에 높은 압력이 작용하여 성형품에 큰 잔류응력이 남게 된다. 또한 캐비티 내 위치 별로 압력분포가 달라 균일한 물성의 제품을 얻는데 한계가 있다. 다수 개 빼기 일반사출성형에서는 캐비티간 충전 불균형이 일어나 캐비티간 품질의 편차를 일으킨다. 이와 같은 한계를 극복하기 위해 사출압축성형 공정을 사용하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 다수 개 캐비티를 갖는 금형을 이용하여 일반사출성형과 사출압축성형을 비교 분석하였다. 실험과 해석을 통하여 연구를 수행하였으며 투명한 수지인 PC와 PS를 이용하여 시편에 나타나는 복굴절을 관찰하여 일반사출성형과 사출압축성형에서 나타나는 성형특성을 비교하였다. 연구결과, 사출 압축성형으로 제작된 시편에서 캐비티 내의 압력이 균일하여 복굴절과 성형수축률이 낮고 균일하게 나타났다. 그리고 일반사출성형에서 나타나는 캐비티간 충전 불균형에 의한 캐비티간 물성의 편차가 사출압축성형에서는 크게 줄어들었다. 본 연구를 통하여 사출압축성형은 다수 개 빼기 사출성형에서 캐비티 내 균일한 물성확보뿐만 아니라 캐비티간 품질 불균형을 해소하는데 유용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.221-243
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanical properties of $Y_{2}O_{3}$-containing glass infiltrated ceramic core material, which was made by pressureless powder packing method. A pure alumina powder with a grain size of about $4{\mu}m$ was packed without pressure is silicon mold to form a bar shaped sample, and applied PVA solution as a binder. Samples were sinterd at $1350^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. After cooling, $Y_{2}O_{3}$-containing glass($SiO_{2},\;Y_{2}O_{3},\;B_{2}O_{3},\;Al_{2}O_{3}$, ect) was infiltrated to the sinterd samples at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and cooled. Six different proportions $Y_{2}O_{3}$ of were used to know the effect of the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between alumina powder and glass. The samples were ground to $3{\times}3{\times}30$ mm size and polished with $1{\mu}m$ diamond paste. Flexural strength, fracture toughness, hardness and other physical properties were obtained, and the fractured surface was examined with SEM and EPMA. Ten samples of each group were tested and compared with In-Ceram(tm) core materials of same size made in dental laboratory. The results were as follows : 1. The flexural strengths of group 1 and 3 were significantly not different with that of In-Ceram, but other experimental groups were lower than In-Ceram. 2. The shrinkage rate of samples was 0.42% after first firing, and 0.45% after glass infiltration. Total shrinkage rate was 0.87%. 3. After first firing, porosity rate of experimental groups was 50%, compared with 22.25% of In-Ceram. After glass infiltration, porosity rate of experimental groups was 2%, and 1% in In-Ceram. 4. There was no statistical difference in hardness between two materials tested, but in fracture toughness, group 2 and 3 were higher than In-Ceram. 5. The thermal expansion coefficients of experimental groups were varied to $4.51-5.35{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$ according to glass composition, also the flexural strengths of samples were varied. 6. In a view of SEM, many microparticles about $0.5{\mu}m$ diameter and $4{\mu}m$ diameter were observed in In-Ceram. But in experimental group, the size of most particles was about $4{\mu}m$, and a little microparticles was observed. The results obtained in this study showed that the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between alumina powder and infiltrated glass affect the flexural strength of alumin/glass composite. The $Y_{2}O_{3}$-containing glass infiltrated ceramic core made by powder packing method will takes less time and cost with sufficient flexural strength similar to all ceramic crown made with slip casting technique.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2021

열경화성 소재를 이용하여 열경화방식의 웨이퍼 레벨 렌즈를 성형할 때 발생될 수 있는 불량요인 중 이형과정에서 성형 렌즈의 금형 고착문제는 웨이퍼 레벨에서 성형된 기판의 파손 및 기판의 변형으로 성형된 웨이퍼 기판의 적층시 웨이퍼 양면의 렌즈 형상 및 센터 정렬 오차에 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 웨이퍼 레벨 렌즈 성형 공정에서 이형력에 영향을 미치는 인자를 검토하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 먼저 상·하 금형의 코팅 재질에 따른 이형력을 검토하기 위하여 금형 표면을 ITO 및 Ti로 표면처리 후 O2분위기에서 플라즈마 처리하였고, 또한 DLC 코팅도 진행하였으며 경화 및 이형성을 검토하였다. 그 결과를 바탕으로 pull-off 실험을 위한 코팅방법을 선정하였다. 또한 경화공정조건에 따른 이형력을 측정하기 위하여 압력을 유지하면서 경화시키는 방법과 일정한 간격을 유지하면서 경화시키는 방법을 실험적으로 적용하였다. 그 결과 Ti 코팅 후 O2 플라즈마 표면처리 방법이 이형력을 감소시키고 위치를 제어하면서 경화시킬 경우 경화수축에 의해 경화 중 계면의 접착에너지를 감소시켜 보다 나은 이형이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.234-242
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• 2022

국립춘천박물관 소장 철조석가불좌상(본관 1971)을 기초로 재현실험을 시행하여 분할 주조법을 연구하였다. 불상의 3D 스캔 데이터를 활용해 1/2 모형으로 축소 제작한 후 기존 연구 결과를 토대로 거푸집제작, 주조 등을 실시하여 불상을 제작하였다. 거푸집의 외부는 친모래와 산청토를 3:4의 비율로, 내부는 친모래와 산청토를 1:3의 비율로 배합하여 제작한 다음 불상을 주조하였다. 주조된 철불을 통해 다양한 주조결함을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 원불상과 유사한 형태적인 모습을 볼 수 있었다. 재현된 철불의 표면 관찰 결과 베이닝, 유동불량, 외부수축공, 피하기공, 표면핀홀, 형 어긋남 등의 주조결함을 지니고 있었으며, 이는 철조석가불좌상에서 보이는 주조결함의 특징과 유사하다. 미세조직은 나뭇가지 모양의 Dendrite 조직과 Pearlite 조직이 확인되었으며, Cementite 조직 사이에서 검은색의 Graphite가 관찰되었다. 본 연구는 철불의 전통주조기술과 제작기법을 위한 실험연구로서 고대 대형 주조기술을 알아볼 수 있는 기초데이터로 활용될 것으로 본다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.236-245
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• 2002

The acrylic resin was first introduced as denture base materials in 1937 and it is commonly used for denture base fabrication nowadays. Three different curing cycles (Conventional curing cycle, short curing cycle and long curing cycle) and three commercially available heat-activated acrylic resins (Vertex RS, Lucitone 199 and ProBase Hot) were investigated to find the curing cycle and material that showed the minimum shrinkage of the resin during polymerization process. A brass master mold was fabricated and duplicated by additional silicone impression material. Stone molds were made by pouring of type III dental stone (SILKY-ROCK YELLOW, Whip-Mix, Louisville, Kentucky). It was embedded in the flask. Strain gauge and thermocouple were embedded in the specimen. Strain gauge and thermocouple were connected to signal conditioning amplifier and data was recorded by pre-programmed software. The parameters ESmax (Maximum expansion strain), Sb (Strain measured just before deflasking procedure), Sa (Strain measured just after deflasking procedure) and Sf (Strain measured at the end of the experiment) were measured. ${\Delta}$S was calculated from Sb and Sa (${\Delta}$S=Sb-Sa). In the experiment concerned about materials, the parameters 90-ESmax (Maximum expansion strain measured during early 90 minutes of curing procedure), 180-ESmax (Maximum expansion strain measured from 90 minutes to 180 minutes), Sb, Sa, ${\Delta}$S and Sf were measured and the following conclusions were made. 1. The ESmax value of conventional curing cycle showed the largest value and the 180-ESmax value of Lucitone 199 showed the smallest value. 90-ESmax values showed no significant difference (p<0.05). 2. ${\Delta}$S values of conventional curing cycle showed the positive values. ${\Delta}$S values of short curing cycle and long curing cycle showed the negative values. All three materials cured by conventional curing cycle showed the positive values. 3. The Sf values of long curing cycle and ProBase Hot (cured by conventional curing cycle) showed the smallest values.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.471-479
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• 1994

Al-2%Si-2%Mg alloy containing SiC particle in 20, $70{\mu}m$ were prepared by mean of squeeze casting with various pressure 50, 100, 150 and 220MPa respectively. The specimens were made by casting into $50{\Phi}{\times}100{\ell}$ mold under various squeeze conditions(pressures, pressurizing temperature, particle sizes). Mechanical properties(hardness, tensile strength, elongation and wear characteristics) were evaluated at room temperature with those various fabrication factors. It became feasible to make favorable Al-SiCp composite free from casting defects by the injection of Ar gas during melting and 100MPa pressure squeeze casting. However, pressure of 50MPa was not sufficient to avoid completely porosity formation as a result of precessing and shrinkage during solidification. As the particle size is smaller and the squeeze pressure is higher, the hardness and tensile strength at room temperature are higher. Cell size became smaller gradually with increase of squeeze pressure. With increase of squeeze pressure(MPa), wear behaviors of those composites were changed from adhesive into abrasive wear, and the tendency of above behavior became outstanding with increasing sliding speed. The chemical reaction(4Al＋3SiC${\rightarrow}$$Al_4C_3+3Si$) is more accelerated at interface between SiCp and matrix with increase of squeeze pressure. Therefore $Al_4C_3$ intercompound and Si peak intensity is increased at interface.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.165-174
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• 2004

The pore formation characteristic of Mg alloy during Lost Foam Casting(LFC) was investigated with reduced pressure test and real casting, which was compared with the results of previous work for Al alloy. Cast Mg alloys in LFC had much lower porosities in comparison with those of Al alloys. Also, the proper pouring temperature gave the minimum porosity like Al alloy although it was higher than that of Al alloys due to the worse fluidity of Mg alloy. The pore formation mechanism of Mg alloy in LFC was similar to that of AI alloy but the critical temperature showing the different mechanism is higher than that of Al alloy as much as $30{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The result that Mg alloy in LFC had the lower porosity comparing with Al alloy was due to the extra solubility of hydrogen gas although the solubility of Al alloy was easily exceeded by the external sources like pyrolyzed polystyrene products. The mold evacuation gave the lower porosity due to the removal of polystyrene pyrolysis products, and reduced shrinkage defects. Also, there was a proper evacuation pressure that gave a porosity of almost 0vol%. But much higher vacuum degree than this proper pressure caused the severe entrapment of polymer pyrolysis products that gave the large porosity.