• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.246-254
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to give insights into the impact of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks on the likely capacity of enamel surface dissolution and the influence of human saliva exposure as a biological protective factor. Materials and Methods: The pH, titratable acidity (TA) to pH 7.0, and buffer capacity (${\beta}$) of common beverages ingested by patients under physical activity were analyzed. Then, we randomly distributed 50 specimens of human enamel into 5 groups. Processed and natural coconut water served as controls for testing three carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks. In all specimens, we measured surface microhardness (Knoop hardness numbers) and enamel loss (profilometry, ${\mu}m$) for baseline and after simulated intake cycling exposure model. We also prepared areas of specimens to be exposed to human saliva overnight prior to the simulated intake cycling exposure. The cycles were performed by alternated immersions in beverages and artificial saliva. ANOVA two-way and Tukey HDS tests were used. Results: The range of pH, TA, and ${\beta}$ were 2.85 - 4.81, 8.33 - 46.66 mM/L and 3.48 - $10.25mM/L{\times}pH$, respectively. The highest capacity of enamel surface dissolution was found for commercially available sports drinks for all variables. Single time human saliva exposure failed to significantly promote protective effect for the acidic attack of beverages. Conclusions: In this study, carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks usually consumed during endurance training may have a greater capacity of dissolution of enamel surface depending on their physicochemical proprieties associated with pH and titratable acidity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.497-502
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• 1990

The effect of sugar concentration, immersion time and temperature on water loss, solid gain or loss, and sugar molality of potatoes during osmotic concentration was analyzed by a response surface methodology (RSM), and those values were predicted by using a second degree polynomial regression model. Effect of osmotic concentration and blanching on vitamin C retention of air dried potatoes (6% MC: wet basis) was also evaluated. The most significant factor was sugar concentration for water loss, solid gain or loss, sugar molality, rate parameter and retention of vitamin C. Second and third factors were immersion time and temperature respectively. Water loss and solid gain were rapid in the first 10 min and then levelled off. A 44.6% of water loss was observed during osmotic concentration using a sugar solution $(60\;Brix,\;80^{\circ}C$) with 20 min of immersion time. Dried potatoes after osmotic concentration had higher vitamin C content than dried potatoes after blanching. Optimum regions for osmotic concentration process of potatoes were $60-70^{\circ}C$ of immersion temperature, 60 Brix of sugar solution and 16-20 min of immersion time based on above 30% of water loss and 50% of vitamin C retention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2003

We have identified and analysed a putative response regulator two-component gene (CaSKN7) from Candida albicans and its encoding protein (CaSkn7). CaSKN7 has an open reading frame of 1677bp. CaSKN7 encodes a 559 amino acid protein (CaSkn7) with an estimated molecular mass of 61.1 kDa. CaSKN7 is a homologue of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae SKN7 that is the regulator involved in the oxidative stress response. To study the role of CaSKN7, we constructed a CAI4-derived mutant strain carrying a homozygous deletion of the CaSKN7 gene. In the caskn7 disruptant cells, the formation of germ tube require shorter time than that in the congenic wild-type strain but the growth of mycelium delayed in liquid media. In contrast, the caskn7 disruptant cells attenuate the differentiation in solid media and the virulence in mouse model system. Expression level of hypha-specific and virulence genes - HYR1, ECE1, HWP1, and ALS1 - in the caskn7 disruptant cells increased as compared with that in the congenic wild-type strain in 10％ serum YPD. Skn7 in 5. cerevisiae was found to bind the HSE element from the SSA promoter, Also, CaSkn7 contains heat shock factor DNA-binding domain and the promoters of these genes have HSE-like sties. Therefore these results show that CaSKN7 regulate the differentiation and virulence of C. albicans.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.476-484
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• 2018

Background: Korean Red Ginseng (steamed and dried white ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer) is well known for enhancing vital energy and immune capacity and for inhibiting cancer cell growth. Some clinical studies also demonstrated a therapeutic potential of ginseng extract for treating lung inflammatory disorders. This study was conducted to establish the therapeutic potential of ginseng saponins on the lung inflammatory response. Methods: From Korean Red Ginseng, 11 ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2, Rg3, and Rh2) were isolated. Their inhibitory potential and action mechanism were evaluated using a mouse model of lung inflammation, acute lung injury induced by intranasal lipopolysaccharide administration. Their anti-inflammatory activities were also examined in lung epithelial cell line (A549) and alveolar macrophage (MH-S). Results: All ginsenosides orally administered at 20 mg/kg showed 11.5-51.6% reduction of total cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Among the ginsenosides, Rc, Re, Rg1, and Rh2 exhibited significant inhibitory action by reducing total cell numbers in the BALF by 34.1-51.6% (n = 5). Particularly, Re showed strong and comparable inhibitory potency with that of dexamethasone, as judged by the number of infiltrated cells and histological observations. Re treatment clearly inhibited the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$, and the c-Fos component in the lung tissue (n = 3). Conclusion: Certain ginsenosides inhibit lung inflammatory responses by interrupting these signaling molecules and they are potential therapeutics for inflammatory lung diseases.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.459-464
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• 2005

The immune reinforcement of the probiotic lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum was studied in RAW 264.7 cell line treated with diluted solution (dilution to $2^{5}$) of the supernatnats of lactic acid bacteria. RAW 264.7 cell line was used as a macrophage model to assess the effects of lactic acid bacteria on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ and cell morphological changes. The production of NO and TNF-$\alpha$ were largely affected by lactic acid bacteria in dose-dependent manner in 24 or 48 hr cultures and cell morphological changes were also largely affected by lactic acid bacteria. Especially Bifidobacterium bifidum differentially stimulated the production of NO and TNF-$\alpha$. NO production was increased by Bifidobacterium bifidum 25 $\mu$l/ml more than LPS (20 ng/ml) control, and TW-$\alpha$ by Bifidobacterium bifidum 6.25 $\mu$l/ml more than LPS (10 ng/ml) control. The in vitro approaches employed here should be useful in further characterization of the effects of lactic acid bacteria on systemic immunity.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2006

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), also known as histamine releasing factor (HRF), is found abundantly in different eukaryotic cell types. The sequence homology of TCTP between different species is very high, belonging to the MSS4/DSS4 superfamily of proteins. TCTP is involved in both cell growth and human late allergy reaction, as well as having a calcium binding property; however, its primary biological functions remain to be clearly elucidated. In regard to many possible functions, the TCTP of Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is known to bind with an antimalarial agent, artemisinin, which is activated by heme. It is assumed that the endoperoxide-bridge of artemisinin is opened up by heme to form a free radical, which then eventually alkylates, probably to the Cys14 of PfTCTP. Study of the docking of artemisinin with heme, and subsequently with PfTCTP, was carried out to verify the above hypothesis on the basis of structural interactions. The three dimensional (3D) structure of PfTCTP was built by homology modeling, using the NMR structure of the TCTP of Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a template. The quality of the model was examined based on its secondary structure and biological function, as well as with the use of structure evaluating programs. The interactions between artemisinin, heme and PfTCTP were then studied using the docking program, FlexiDock. The center of the peroxide bond of artemisinin and the Fe of heme were docked within a short distance of $2.6{\AA}$, implying the strong possibility of an interaction between the two molecules, as proposed. When the activated form of artemisinin was docked on the PfTCTP, the C4-radical of the drug faced towards the sulfur of Cys14 within a distance of $2.48{\AA}$, again suggesting the possibility of alkylation having occurred. These results confirm the proposed mechanism of the antimalarial effect of artemisinin, which will provide a reliable method for establishing the mechanism of its biological activity using a molecular modeling study.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2003

In order to investigate the effect of a pouring rain that it follows in the typhoon, the effect analysis with actual measurement data of rainfall outflow it follows in flood basin is necessary. Also there is a case that it analyzes with the fact that the rainfall occurs identically in whole basin in case of the rainfall outflow analysis, but the actual rainfall distribution from the basin very will be irregular and the interpretation which it reflects must become accomplished. It created spatial information of terrain, land use and the soil using GIS. It created topographical factor of the subject area and calculated CN(runoff curve number) with WMS(Watershed Modeling System). It calculated runoff using a HEC-1 model and the Rational Method connected at the WMS. By connecting GIS and WMS, it calculated the effect of a pouring rain and runoff from the construction area. Also it will be able to apply with a basic data in more efficient runoff analysis.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine acceptance factors that affect the intention to use digital textbook. The results are as follow. First, the quality characteristic factor has significant effects on the ease of use, the usefulness of use, and the intention of use. Second, the ease of use appeared to be a significant impact on the usefulness of the use. The usefulness of digital textbook appeared to be a significant impact on the intention of use. The results show that the quality characteristics consisted of six components: personalization, mobility, stability, accuracy, responsiveness, and accessibility. The results can suggest important implications for the development of digital textbook contents and system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.537-544
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• 2016

This study examines the relationship between adaptation resilience, self-esteem and depression of female seniors participating in Pilates. The number of subjects for this study was 322 who were participating in the Pilates program in Gyeonggi-do. The reliability and validity test of the questionnaire and descriptive analysis, factor analysis, correlation were conducted by using SPSS 20.0 and structural equation model was conducted by using AMOS 20.0 program. The results are as follows; First, the adaptation resilience of those female seniors participating in Pilates has a positive influence on their self-esteem. Second, the adaptation resilience of those female seniors participating in Pilates has a negative influence on their depression. Third, the self-esteem of those female seniors participating in Pilates has a negative influence on their depression. Lastly there is a causal relationship between the adaptation resilience, self-esteem and depression of female seniors participating in Pilates.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

This study aimed to discover the effects of CSR activities on manufacturing employees' organizational trust and job satisfaction. A proposed model based on previous research was empirically tested via structural equation modeling by AMOS using 374 valid samples collected from current employees of D-Heavy Industries & Construction in Chang Won. The results of the empirical analysis are summarized as follows. CSR activities had a partially direct impact on job satisfaction and organizational trust. It has been confirmed that organizational trust has a partial mediation effect(full mediation effect) in the process of CSR activities and job satisfaction. These findings indicate that there exist interrelationships among entrepreneurship, internal and external CSR activities, organizational trust, and job satisfaction. In particular, the importance of CSR activities were identified in terms of effective organizational management by confirming their impact on organizational trust of employees. In addition, organizational trust was verified as an antecedent factor to improve job satisfaction.