• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.357-366
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• 2008

Posterior cross-bite is a relatively frequent malocclusion in primary and early mixed dentition and the reported prevalence of posterior cross-bite varies from 7% to 23%. It has been defined as a transverse discrepancy in arch relationship which the palatal cusp of the upper posterior teeth do not occlude in the central fossa of the opposing lower teeth, and can be manifested in a single tooth or in a group of teeth. Posterior cross-bite does not often self-correct and therefore immediate treatment is recommended. Occlusal adjustment to eliminate premature contact that causes mandibular deviation, expansion of narrow maxillary arch, arrangement of the individual teeth to treat asymmetry within the dental arch are the methods of treating cross-bite. In the present case, functional posterior cross-bite was observed in the primary and the early mixed dentition children. The children were treated by the slow maxillary expansion and occlusal adjustment. The outcome of periodic examinations after the correction of cross-bite was favorable.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.367-375
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• 2008

Anchorage plays an important role in orthodontic treatment. Skeletal anchorage like the miniscrew is considered a more effective method in anchorage control than conventional anchorage which needs much patient's cooperation. The miniscrew offers many advantages. 1) It is easy to insert and to remove. 2) It can endure the force needed for moving teeth. 3) It can be immediately loaded and 4) Patient cooperation is not needed. 5) It is economic compared to other skeletal anchorage systems. In comparison to adult's bones, children's bones have comparatively poor bone quality and quantity. Therefore, it is hard to obtain primary stability in younger patients. However, if the miniscrew can be retained successfully, it will be effective in many orthodontic treatments. In these cases, we used the miniscrew in correcting of diastema, in aligning dental midline, and in rendering a forced eruption of impacted tooth in mixed dentition patient. We obtained satisfactory results.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.438-443
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• 2000

Ectopic eruption should be understood as a change in the course of the normal eruption path of a dental bud at any moment its origin. An example of this alteration is the dental transposition, a rare and more specific dental anomaly that may be defined as a change of position between two teeth. This case shows ectopic eruption of transposed mandibular lateral incisor beneath primary first molar at the first transitional period of the mixed dentition The crown of the lateral incisor has tipped distally, compelling root resorption and exfoliation of the adjacent primary cuspid and primary first molar. The reason for such eruption is not clearly understood, but it may involve; (1)trauma history, (2)prolonged retention of the deciduous teeth, (3)premature exfoliation of the deciduous teeth, and (4)genetic factor. Treatment is divided into interceptive and definitive treatment. Ectopically erupting mandibular incisor tends to become transposed with the adjacent cuspid and thus seems to warrant early orthodontic intervention. Early treatment may obviate later extraction or transposition of the incisor and canine in the permanent dentition. Timing is an important factor to be considered regarding in the correction of the lateral incisor transposition. This case advocates treatment with an active orthodontic therapy at the early stage of the mixed dentiton, before the eruption of the permanent cuspid.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.21 no.12 s.175
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• pp.997-1003
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• 1983

The author studied the quality and change of the effective demand for dental treatment of the cutpatients of the Wonkwang dental clinic from the March of 1982 to the August of 1983. The results were compared with the previous reports to find any changes that might come from the effect of dental insurance system. After discussing the results, the author concluded as follows: 1. The twenties were the most in the age groups, but it is desirable that age groups of mixed dentition be the most to enhance the dental health status of community. 2. The effective demand for dental treatment increased especially in the areas such as intraoral radiograph taking, amalgam filling, temporary filling, endodontic treatments, and drug application on the soft tissue, but decreased in the areas such as prosthodontic treatments, and there were no demand for the orthodontic treatment. 3. As compared with the absolute needs, the effective demand was relatively high for teeth extraction and amalgam filling, but it was generally very low. 4. So, the present extent of dental insurance system should be expanded, and the dental care delivery system should be established within the community. Finally, the economic and social status of Iri community should be enhance by political and educational plannings.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2017

Alveolar cleft is a tornado-shaped bone defect in the maxillary arch. The treatment goals for alveolar cleft are stabilization and provision of bone continuity to the maxillary arch, permitting support for tooth eruption, eliminating oronasal fistulas, providing an improved esthetic result, and improving speech. Treatment protocols vary in terms of the operative time, surgical techniques, and graft materials. Early approaches including boneless bone grafting (gingivoperiosteoplasty) and primary bone graft fell into disfavor because they impaired facial growth, and they remain controversial. Secondary bone graft (SBG) is not the most perfect method, but long-term follow-up has shown that the graft is absorbed to a lesser extent, does not impede facial growth, and supports other teeth. Accordingly, SBG in the mixed dentition phase (6-11 years) has become the preferred method of treatment. The most commonly used graft material is cancellous bone from the iliac crest. Recently, many researchers have investigated the use of allogeneic bone, artificial bone, and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein, along with growth factors because of their ability to decrease donor-site morbidity. Further investigations of bone substitutes and additives will continue to be needed to increase their effectiveness and to reduce complications.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.126-132
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• 1999

This article describes the use of an activator with anterior high pull headgear to treat a skeletal Class II malocclusion in children in the mixed-dentition phase. A combination of headgear-activator appliance can inhibit forward and downward growth of the maxillary complex while stimulating mandibular growth. The correction of Class II malocclusion can be achieved by careful case selection of a motivated patient with a favorable growth pattern. The patients who have skeletal Class II malocclusions were treated by means of activator with anterior high pull headgear and the following results were observed; 1. Forward and downward growth of the maxillary complex were inhibited 2. Mandibular growth was stimulated and counterclockwise rotation of the mandible was observed. 3. Large overjet and deep overbite were corrected.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 1980

The interrelationships between growth rates (and size) of the selected cranifacial dimensions and body dimensions (height and weight) were investigated in the longitudinal data of primary school children from 6 to 11 years of age. The data were obtained from serial cephalometric radiographs and health record which were taken at one year interval. Regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The main concludions might be summarized as follows; 1. Size relationships between body height (and weigh) and S-Gn, posterior facial height (s-Go), total mandibular length (Ar-Gn) showed high significant correlation, but no association between body height, weight and anterior cranial base length (S-N). 2. Correlation coefficients between facial dimensions and body height (and weight) were getting lower with age increase. 3. At all age groups, significant prediction equation for some facial dimensions with body height and weight were obtained. 4. In this sample, the growth rates of facial dimensions and body height and weight showed almostly constant during this age period and the growth rate of body height and weight of girls was exceeded that of boys. 5. A relatively high degree of variation between individuals existed in the sample. 6. A positive correlation was found for the relationship between the growth rates of facial dimensions and those of body height (and weight) in boys and girls, but was not found in total samples.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.510-517
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• 1994

It is a relatively common clinical experience to see a impacted maxillary central incisor. This is apparent at the dental age of about eight years and over, when the patient is in the early mixed dentition stage. The adjacent teeth may tilt toward the site of the missing tooth with resulting space closure and midline deviation. Most often, the central incisor is impacted labially. The labial impaction has been indicated as the most difficult to manage. Each of the current articles describing labial impactions shows at least one case with mucogingival recession or a minimal zone of attached gingiva. This report described the surgical uncovering and orthodontic-physiologic positioning methods with labially impacted maxillary central incisors. Through surgical exposure and direct bonding of lingual botton, the central incisors were brought into proper eruption path with elastic traction. The case 1 and 2 were treated with the physiologic erupting forces. The case 3 was applied with continuous orthodontic force. The case 1 and 2 resulted in good positioning, good esthetics and adequate width of keratinised gingiva. The case 3 resulted in local inflammation and inadequate width of keratinised gingiva.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 1984

A comparative study was undertaken to investigate the collapse of maxillary dental arch and palate in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. The material for this study consisted of 39 subjects with repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (30 males, 9 females). The measurements of unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals were compared with the measurements of normal individuals (30 males, 30 females). All the subjects were in the mixed dentition stage and the mean age was almost the same. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. A large number of the maxillary dental arch of the unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals showed ${\Omega}$-shape, and the arch length was shorter than that of normal individuals. The intermolar width did not show significant difference between cleft group and group, but the intercanine width was mcuh smaller than that of normal individuals. 2. The palate of the unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects showed shorter and shallower form than that of normal subjects. 3. The palatal area of the unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects was smaller than that of normal subjects, and the cleft side area was much smaller than the opposing side area. 4. There was no significant sexual difference in measurements of maxillary dental arch and palate of the unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.24 no.4 s.47
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• pp.799-817
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial skeletal pattern and growth change of whom had responsed well to chincap therapy. 93 patients seleted for this study were in mixed dentition and treated with chincap for more than 2 years. And 54 subjects were selected from these total samples and classified into two groups by the improvement of four measurements : ANB difference, APDI, Wits appraisal, and AF-BF. One was good response group which consisted of 26 children and the other was poor response group with 19 patients. Various measures of the craniofacial structure in the initial lateral cephalograms and the annual increments were calculated and analyzed by comparing two groups with t-test. The results were as follows : 1. Good response group had more horizontal growth pattern in initial stage of treatment than poor response group, and the contributing factors of this result were anterior posterior facial height ratio, gonial angle, lower genial angle and SN-mandibular plane angle. 2. The maxilla was positioned more anteriorly in good response group. 3. The amounts of vertical growth of maxilla was smaller but the horizontal growth of maxilla was larger in good response group. 4. The mandible rotated more infero-posteriorly in good response group. 5. The good response group had more vertical growth pattern of mandibular condyle.