• 한국작물학회지
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.352-360
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 국내 시중에서 유통되는 있는 혼합잡곡 제품을 첨가하여 취반 후 품질특성과 페놀성분 함량, radical 소거활성을 검정하여 추후 소비자의 수요와 용도별 잡곡 혼합비율 설정을 위한기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 시중 유통 혼합잡곡 제품 첨가 취반 밥의 명도는 백미에 비해 감소하였으며, 적색도와 황색도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 경도와 탄력은 압력밥솥에서 유의적으로 낮았으며, 부착성과 찰기는 일반밥솥과 압력밥솥에서 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혼합잡곡 첨가에 따라 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 시중유통 혼합잡곡 첨가 취반 밥 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 일반밥솥과 압력밥솥에서 각각 $16.50{\pm}3.86$ 및 $15.88{\pm}3.52mg$ GAE/100 g이었고 총 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 $1.58{\pm}0.00$ 및 $1.55{\pm}0.02mg$ CE/100 g이었다. 일반밥솥과 압력밥솥으로 취반한 혼합잡곡 첨가 취반 밥 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거활성은 각각 $9.27{\pm}2.62$ 및 $8.72{\pm}2.41mg$ TE/100 g으로 일반밥솥으로 취반한 경우가 유의적으로 약간 높았다. ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 $22.89{\pm}4.60$ 및 $23.07{\pm}4.49mg$ TE/100 g으로 압력밥솥으로 취반한 경우가 약간 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 현미, 유색미, 보리, 콩, 수수 등의 잡곡 함유율이 높을수록 제품의 페놀 성분 함량과 radical 소거활성이 높게 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.441-453
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• 1998

Varieties of the cereals produced in the Biblical times and the ways these cereal foods have been grafted into Korean food culture has been pursued, and the regulations of agricultural life and the metaphors or parables of cereals represented throughout the Bible have been studied. The word "grain" appears eight times in the KJV and one hundred seventeen times in the RSV. On the other hand, the word "corn" shows up one hundred and one times in the KJV but not in the RSV at all. Wheat, one of the earliest cultivated and the most important grains for food is mentioned fifty two times in KJV and generally the rich in those days lived on wheat in the parched state or in the form of bread. Barley, one of the staple cereal crops of Palestine is referred to thirty six times in the KJV. It was less expensive than wheat and so was used mainly for the food of such animals as horses, donkeys and cattle, but sometimes it was mixed with flour and used for making bread for men, mostly for Poor men. The spelt (in ASV and RSV) and the rie(in KJV) appearing in Exodus 9:32 is a kind of grain, which is translated into Na-mack (in Hangul Revised Bible ; HRB), Ssal-bori (in Hangul Common Translated Bible : HCB) and Ho-mil (in Hangul King James Bible; HKJB) but which should be put into Spelt-mil in Korean. The lentil appearing in Genesis 25 : 34 is translated into Pat (red-bean) and Bul-kong respectively in HRB and HCB but the same word in the Second Book of Samuel is translated into Pat in both HRB and HCB. HCB translates lentil into Bul-kong in Genesis and into Pat in the Second Book of Samuel (23:11). HCB and HKJB which put lentil into Pat in previous parts translate the word into Nok-tu in the Second Book of Samuel. The word, lentil here should be put into lentil-kong and parched pulse into "Poken-Chong-ja" not into Poken-Nok-tu. Millet which is translated into Cho should be put into Gui-jang. filches should not be classified as a grain or a cereal but as a flavor or a condiment, so the word filches should be put into So-Hoi-hyang or Hoi-hyang. Regulations in reference to agriculture are included in the Bible. That is, it is seen that the Bible regulates the observance of the sabbatical year and feasts, the partition of land, how to sow and so on. It is also observed that grains are used for metaphors or parables: wheat represents the peaceful times and straws are compared to trifles. As seen above, there should be more prudent examinations and standards for the translation of grains into Pat, Pul-kong, Nok-tu, Gui-ree, Ssal-bo-ri and Na-mack.i-ree, Ssal-bo-ri and Na-mack.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제24권4호통권79호
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• pp.274-279
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• 1996

민자주방망이버섯(Lepista nuda)의 분리균을 여러 가지 곡물에서 키운 결과, 조에서는 잘 자랐으나, 수수에서는 잘 자라지 않았다. 이들 중에서 조를 선택하여, 여러 가지 유기물 혹은 금속 첨가물을 첨가한 실험 결과 조배지에서는 질소 성분이 필요하다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이와 반면에 우리 주변에 흔히 있는 아카시나무 톱밥을 이용한 배지에서는 질소성분과 무기염류의 효과가 여러 가지로 나타난다. 그러나 유기물로서는 흔히 사용되는 미강이 가장 좋은 첨가물로 밝혀졌다. 여기서의 연구는 고형배양을 통하여 직접 균사를 배양하였기 때문에 그 의의가 크다고 하겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.1149-1156
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• 2001

Previous studies conducted with swine have reported that the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) does not always accurately predict in vivo nutrient digestibilities. Therefore, in this study, the MNBT was modified so that nutrient digestibilities would more closely resemble those from conventional (Con) digestibility studies obtained using the indicator method. A total of 19 feeds were tested including five cereal grains, five legumes, three high protein sources and six mixed diets. The principle changes to the MNBT included the use of a fecal collection harness which minimized the number of bags lost. In addition, previous protocols involved pooling of bags within pig while in the present experiment all bags were analyzed separately to increase the precision of the test. Finally, chemical analyses were done using the entire nylon bag plus residue rather than opening.the bags and scraping out the contents. With the exception of the barley sample (p=0.01), dry matter digestibility (DMD) coefficients obtained with the MNBT were not significantly different from those obtained with the indicator method. The linear regression equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con DMD=-O.77+1.02 MNBT DMD ($r^2=0.93$: p<0.0001). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in gross energy digestibility (GED) coefficients determined using the MNBT or the indicator method for any of the 19 feeds. The regression line equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con GED=-5.68+1.06 MNBT GED ($r^2=0.94$: p<0.0001). The MNBT was less effective in predicting in vivo crude protein digestibility (CPD) than it was in predicting dry matter and energy digestibility. Differences greater than five percentage units were observed for two of the legumes, Kabuli chickpeas (p=0.02) and the extruded pea-canola seed mixture (p=0.01) as well as for three of the mixed diets including the unheated hulled barley-based diet (p=0.01), the unheated hulless-barley based diet (p=0.08) and the barley-soybean meal based diet (p=0.008). The regression equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con CPD=5.75 + 0.90 MNBT CPO ($r^2=0.76$; p<0.0001). This study indicates that the modified MNBT can be used for the rapid determination of dry matter and energy digestibility in a wide variety of ingredients. For the measurement of crude protein digestibility, the technique produces results similar to conventional digestibility studies for cereal grains and high protein feeds but tends to overestimate protein digestibility for legumes and mixed diets.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.748-760
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• 2019

This study examined the difference of dietary intake behavior between groups of adults aged >20 years with or without dyslipidemia, and comparing the various types of dyslipidemia, based on the Seventh (2016) KNHANES. Men showed higher rate for triglyceridemia and LDL-cholesterolemia than women and subjects in the age group 50-59 years exhibited the highest incidence of triglyceridemia, total cholesterolemia and HDL-cholesterolemia. The ratio of obese people was higher in most types of dyslipidemias. The top five foods in each group of cereal & grain, meat, vegetable, and fruit were selected for analysis, based on the food frequency. The dyslipidemia group showed higher intake frequencies for mixed grains, cabbage kimchi and leafy vegetable than the no-dyslipidemia group, and the group with high blood total cholesterol for mixed grains, apple, and cutlassfish-croaker. Group with high blood triglyceride showed higher intake frequencies of rice and mackerel-mackerel pike than the other groups of high blood triglyceride. No food showed significant difference in the frequencies between groups of LDL-cholesterol. Group with high blood HDL-cholesterol showed higher intake frequency of bibim-fried rice, deep fried chicken, stir fried chicken, apple, tangerine, banana and butter-margarine. These results indicate that people with high levels of blood total cholesterol are more concerned with food having health benefits than those with abnormal levels of other blood lipid. More information on dietary benefits need to be provided to patients having high levels of triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.789-796
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• 2016

본 연구에서 고당식이로 비알코올성 지방간을 유도한 마우스의 체중 변화는 대조군보다 백미군, 혼합잡곡군, 항비만혼합잡곡군에서 체중증가율이 낮았고 간 무게 또한 유의적으로 감소했으며, 간 내 조직학적 지방구 수와 크기가 감소한 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 혈청 지질 수치 역시 개선 효과를 보였는데 모든 실험군이 대조군보다 중성지방, 총콜레스테롤 및 저밀도 콜레스테롤의 농도가 감소하였고, 혈청 고밀도 콜레스테롤은 모두 증가하였다. 간 조직 내 지질합성 및 지방산 침투와 관련 유전자 인자에서 대조군보다 SREBP-1c mRNA 유전자 발현 수준은 백미군, 혼합잡곡군 및 항비만혼합잡곡군에서, ACC 및 FAS mRNA 유전자 발현 수준은 혼합잡곡군과 항비만혼합잡곡군에서, SCD-1 mRNA 유전자 발현 수준은 항비만혼합잡곡군에서 감소하였다. CD36 및 $PPAR-{\gamma}$ mRNA 유전자 발현 수준 또한 대조군보다 백미군, 혼합잡곡군, 항비만혼합잡곡군에서 감소하였다. 간 내 ${\beta}$산화로 지방축적 억제와 관련된 유전자 인자인 $PPAR-{\alpha}$ 및 CPT-1 mRNA 유전자 발현 수준은 대조군보다 혼합잡곡군, 항비만혼합잡곡군에서 증가하였다. 본 실험 결과를 종합해 볼 때 고당식이로 비알코올성 지방간질환을 유도한 마우스에서 백미군, 혼합잡곡군 및 항비만혼합잡곡군 모두 지질 대사 개선 효과가 나타났으며 항비만혼합잡곡군이 가장 효과적이었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2017

혼합잡곡의 작목별 구성비, 수분특성, 호화특성 등의 품질특성과 페놀성분 함량, radical 소거활성 등의 항산화특성을 검정하여 추후 기능성 강화 잡곡 혼합비율 설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 시중에 유통되고 있는 혼합잡곡 37제품을 구입하여 혼합비율을 조사한 결과, 5~25가지의 작목으로 구성되어 있었으며, 15개 작목이 혼합된 제품이 13개로 가장 많은 것으로 조사되었다. 혼합잡곡 제품의 수분결합력, 용해도 및 팽윤력은 각각 99.83~122.83, 6.91~39.26 및 7.76~86.92%의 범위로 나타났다. 최고점도, 최저점도, 강하점도, 최종점도, 치반점도는 각각 $31.53{\pm}20.17$, $25.24{\pm}13.22$, $6.29{\pm}7.43$, $50.27{\pm}25.84$ 및 $18.74{\pm}8.68RVU$로 나타났다. 혼합잡곡 제품의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 $817.14{\sim}2,524.29{\mu}g\;GAE/g$의 범위로 나타났고 총 플라보노이드 함량은 $106.36{\sim}1,099.09{\mu}g\;CE/g$의 범위로 나타났다. 혼합잡곡 제품의 DPPH radical 소거활성은 31.91~151.70 mg TE/100 g의 범위로 나타났으며, ABTS radical 소거활성은 28.09~119.92 mg TE/100 g의 범위로 나타났다. 페놀 성분 함량과 radical 소거활성이 높은 제품들은 현미, 유색미, 보리, 콩 등 작목의 함유량이 높은 제품이 높은 것으로 조사되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2010

Stromatal fruiting bodies of Cordyceps cardinalis were successfully produced in cereals. Brown rice, German millet and standard millet produced the longest-length of stromata, followed by Chinese pearl barley, Indian millet, black rice and standard barley. Oatmeal produced the shortest-length of fruiting bodies. Supplementation of pupa and larva to the grains resulted in a slightly enhanced production of fruiting bodies; pupa showing better production than larva. 50~60 g of brown rice and 10~20 g of pupa mixed with 50~60 mL of water in 1,000 mL polypropylene (PP) bottle was found to be optimum for fruiting body production. Liquid inoculation of 15~20 mL per PP bottle produced best fruiting bodies. The optimal temperature for the formation of fruiting bodies was $25^{\circ}C$, under conditions of continuous light. Few fruiting bodies were produced under the condition of complete darkness, and the fresh weight was considerable low, compared to that of light condition.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the amount of sugar from the afternoon snack menu of childcare facilities in Gyeongsangbuk-do. The amount of sugar was analyzed for afternoon snacks provided by childcare facilities between March and April 2016. The snacks provided were the same for processed and non-processed foods at 50.0% respectively. White milk accounted for the largest portion with 26.4%, followed by fruits with 19.9% and grains (sweet potatoes, rice cakes, etc.). It has been confirmed that the larger the facility, the lower the frequency of provision of non-processed foods, and the higher the provision of processed foods (p<0.05). Snacks served as non-processed foods showed the highest frequency of fruits and sweet potatoes. On the other hand, processed foods provided many sugar-rich products, such as liquid yogurt, hot cakes, and cereal, excluding white milk. The average sugar content was highest in processed milk products (13.9 g), followed by white milk (8.6 g), bread and snacks (8.0 g), other (4.6 g), and mixed grains (1.6 g). Of the total 216 snacks, banana flavored milk had the highest sugar content of 27.0 g, followed by strawberry milk (15.0 g) and castella (21.6 g). The findings are expected to be used as basic data for choosing the right snacks provided by childcare facilities and practicing reducing sugar intake.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.353-363
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• 2011

The objective of the current study was to examine associations of whole grain consumption with socio-demographic (i.e.: sex, age, household income, education, marriage status) and certain eating behavior factors (i.e.: dish source, eating place, meal type) among a generally healthy Korean population. Using twenty-four hour recall data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of 8,836 generally healthy Koreans aged 6 years and higher. The study subjects had very low whole grain intake. Specifically approximately 60% of the subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the survey day, and mean daily intake ranged from 8.0 g to 15.1 g in different gender and age groups. Living with a spouse was found to be a positive environment factor for whole grain consumption, especially among men. As household income levels increased, whole grain consumption status also improved. The proportion of non-consumer was lowest in a 6-19 year group, and mean intake amount was highest in middle-aged adults. Major dish sources for whole grain consumption included boiled rice with mixed grains, corn, boiled rice with brown rice, cereal products, and other types of boiled rice. It was found that whole grain consumption was highly affected by eating places rather than meal types. The best contributing eating place was home in each age and gender group. The study findings may be useful in planning nutrition education strategy and formulating dietary behavior guidelines for whole grain consumption improvement.