• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 1998

DNA의 제한요소단편 다형현상(RFLP)이 유전변이 연구에 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua(H bner)) 미토콘드리아 DNA(mtDNA)의 RFLP방법을 개발하기 위해 게놈 크기 측정 및 PCR primer들을 선발하였다. 파밤나방의 mtDNA 전체크기는 약 16kb였다. 대부분 곤충 mtDNA에 적합하게 구성된 (Simon et al., 1994)29개 promer들중 21개가 파밤나방의 mtDNA증폭에 적합했다. 이들 primer들을 이용하여 여러 유전자 영역(CO-I, CO-II, Cyt-B, ND-1, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA 및 일부 tRNA)의 일분 또는 전체를 포함하는 유전자 절편을 증폭시켰다. 일반적으로 다형을 보이는 primer조합을 중심으로 4염기 제한부위를 인식하는 8종의 제한 효소를 통해 분석된 PCR-RFLP는 서로 다은 지역(안동, 경산, 순천) 집단들간에 제한부위에 있어서 차이가 없었으나 일부 영역에서는 길이 차이를 보여 유용한 유전지표로서의 가능성을 제시했다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2008

In order to understand geographic genetic variation and relationship among populations of the mason bee (Osmia cornifrons Radoszkowsky), which is used as pollinator for apple tree, we sequenced a portion of mitochondrial (mt) COI gene, which corresponds to "DNA Barcode" region (658 bp) from 81 O. cornifrons individuals collected over eight localities in Korea. The sequence data revealed overall moderate to low genetic diversity within species, with a maximum sequence divergence of 0.76%. Geographically, two haplotypes (BAROC01 and BAROC02) were widespread with a frequency of 82.7%, whereas several haplotypes were found in a locality as a single individual, suggesting that haplotype distribution can be summarized as coexistence of a few widespread haplotypes and several regionally restricted haplotypes. Overall, high rate of per generation female migration (Nm=$1.1{\sim}$infinite) and low level of geographic subdivision ($F_{ST}=0{\sim}0.315$) among localities were characteristic. Although two populations (p < 0.026) were genetically subdivided from the remaining localities, no clear polarity was observed. Taken together, the nature of genetic divergence of the mason bee populations is characterized as one that possessing moderate to low genetic diversity, high gene flow, and wide spread haplotypes with ahigh frequency, concordant with the capability of dispersal in connection with the lack of historical biogeographic barriers.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.482-485
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• 2006

Korean native goats have lived on the Korean peninsula for more than 2,000 years and are regarded as a valuable genetic resource for the world. As an initial step to investigate the genetic structures of this breed, phylogenetic analysis and calculation of genetic diversities have been performed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variations. A total of 19 Korean native goats were grouped into six haplotypes and the large majority of haplotypes were present in 13 animals. All mtDNA of these Korean goats belonged to the mitochondrial (mt) lineage A and revealed remarkably small genetic distances within the population when compared with other Asian goat populations, indicating less genetic variation in the Korean native goats. These results indicate high-inbred status of the Korean native goats and will influence breeding and conservation strategies adopted for this breed.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.449-452
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• 2013

Taenia pisiformis is one of the most important parasites of canines and rabbits. T. pisiformis cysticercus (the larval stage) causes severe damage to rabbit breeding, which results in huge economic losses. In this study, the genetic variation of T. pisiformis was determined in Sichuan Province, China. Fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) (922 bp) gene were amplified in 53 isolates from 8 regions of T. pisiformis. Overall, 12 haplotypes were found in these 53 cytb sequences. Molecular genetic variations showed 98.4% genetic variation derived from intra-region. $F_{ST}$ and Nm values suggested that 53 isolates were not genetically differentiated and had low levels of genetic diversity. Neutrality indices of the cytb sequences showed the evolution of T. pisiformis followed a neutral mode. Phylogenetic analysis revealed no correlation between phylogeny and geographic distribution. These findings indicate that 53 isolates of T. pisiformis keep a low genetic variation, which provide useful knowledge for monitoring changes in parasite populations for future control strategies.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2003

Mitochondrial DNAs has been used frequently as genetic markers for the population genetic studies of salmonid fishes. Samples used in this experiment were chum salmons (Oncorhynchus keta) from Korea. We analyzed variation of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 gene (ND3) among 4 individuals of the Korea population. Genomic DNA was extracted from the liver of the chum salmon samples. Then, the ND3 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) including the 3' region of cytochrome oxidase III gene (COIII) and the 5` region of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L gene (ND4L). The size of the PCR product was 752 Up and the sequences showed some genetic variation among those four individuals. Genetic variations were observed in 7 sites as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Within the open reading frame of the ND3 gene which encodes 116 amino acids, 5 nucleotide substitutions were found. Both transitional and transversional changes occurred more frequently with transitional changes. Comparison of these sequences with the others of a Japanese chum salmon in GenBank showed 5 sites of SNPs. This study provided the basic information of SNP in ND3 gene among Korean chum salmons and demonstrated the possible use of the SNP data as a genetic marker.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2000

Partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was analyzed to investigate genetic variation from 10 geographic populations of Granulilittorina exigua in Korea. The sequence of 282 base pairs was determined by PCR-directed silver sequencing method. The sequences of two species within the genus Littorina reserved in NIH blast search were utilized to determine geographic variations of species referred. The levels of mtDNA sequence differences were 0.00-2.54% within populations and 0.71-4.43% between populations. There were four amino acid differences between representative species of the genera Granulilittorina and Littorina, but no differences within populations of the genus Granulilittorina. The UPGMA and the N-J trees based on Tamura-Nei genetic distance matrix were constructed, which showed that the genus Granulilittorina was divided into three groups such as eastern (even exception for Tokdo population), southern, and western regional populations. The degrees of genetic divergence within populations of each group were p=0.021, p=0.019, and p=0.018, respectively. The divergence between the eastern and southern populations was p=0.032, showing closer relationship than with the western populations (p=0.052). Based on the diverged time estimation, the eastern and southern populations of Granulilittorina exigua in Korea diverged from the western populations about 2.1 MYBP, and the eastern and southern populations diverged from each other about 1.3 MYBP.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

Genetic variation was surveyed at four microsatellite loci and 1416 base pairs (bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) to clarify the genetic structure of the small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis, in the Yellow and East China Seas, especially regarding four provisional populations, (one Korean and three Chinese populations). Based on microsatellite DNA variations, the estimated expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) in each population ranged from 0.776 to 0.947. The microsatellite pairwise $F_{ST}$ estimates showed no significant genetic differentiation between the populations. MtDNA variations also indicated no genetic structure in L. polyactis, but very high variability. The absence of genetic differentiation among and within populations of L. polyactis may either result from the random migration of the adult or the passive dispersal of the eggs and larvae.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2007

The tiny dragonfly, Nannophya pygmaea(Odonata: Libellulidae) is one the smallest dragonflies in the world and listed as a second-degree endangered wild animal and plant in Korea. For the long-term conservation of such endangered species, an investigation on nation-wide genetic magnitude and nature of genetic diversity is required as a part of conservation strategy. We, thus, sequenced a portion of mitochondrial COI gene, corresponding to "DNA Barcode" region(658 bp) from 68 N. pygmaea individuals collected over six habitats in Korea. The sequence data were used to investigate genetic diversity within populations and species, geographic variation within species, phylogeographic relationship among populations, and phylogenetic relationship among haplotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and uncorrected pairwise distance estimate showed overall low genetic diversity within species. Regionally, populations in southern localities such as Gangjin and Gokseong in Jeollanamdo Province showed somewhat higher genetic diversity estimates than those of remaining regions in Korean peninsula. Although geographic populations of N. pygmaea were subdivided into two groups, distance- or region-based geographic partition was not observed.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2014

Morphological and genetic variation of two populations of Platichthys stellatus were investigated based on 30 individuals each, collected from Uljin (seedling release area) and Pohang (control) in Korea. Morphological analyses demonstrated that the two populations of P. stellatus were well distinguishable in body color of the blind side and fin shape. Mitochondrial DNA control region analysis indicated no significant differences between the two populations ($F_{ST}=-0.00849$, P>0.05). We also analyzed microsatellite DNA loci of the two populations using six markers. Observed heterozygosity ($H_O$) and expected heterozygosity ($H_E$) were 0.550 and 0.592, respectively, in P. stellatus from Uljin, but 0.700 and 0.737 in P. stellatus from Pohang. An index of differentiation in genetic structure revealed significant differences between the two populations ($F_{ST}=0.0208$, P<0.05). Our results suggest that the Uljin population may be comprised of released P. stellatus, whereas the Pohang population may be wild P. stellatus, highlighting the necessity of continuous monitoring of the two populations.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.403-407
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• 1997

Intraspecific sequence variation was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing of a 350-nucleotide region of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of two natural populations (Han River and Nakdong River) and one hatchery stock (Jinhae Inland Fisheries Institute) of local strain common carp, one Israeli strain of common carp stock from Pukyong National University (PKU), and one hybrid between Israeli strain of common carp female and local strain common carp male from PKU stock. There is little variation in 350 bases of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequences among 2 natural and 1 hatchery local strain common carp populatins, representing abut 7 to 20 nucleotide differences (less than 6%). The sequence of specimens from Han River was more similar to that from Nakdong River (identity=98.0%) than to that from Jinhae Inland Fisheries Institute (identity=96.3%). Sequence variation between Israeli strain and wild local strain common carp was higher than the variation within natural stocks. The level of variation was ranged from 15.7 to 17.7%. The hybrid showed very similar nucleotide4 sequence of 12S rRNA gene to the sequence of Israeli strain with the identity of 98.9%.