• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.3-23
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of symptoms of dementia elderly on the primary caregiver's depression. In addition, moderating effect of family support was examined. Based on the results, the necessity for intervention in the level of social welfare as a way to mitigate primary caregiver's depression was suggested. Method: In order to accomplish these purposes, a total of 197 who are spouse and adult-children of dementia elderly using day care facilities or services in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Busan province, South Korea were utilized. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis and descriptive statistics, regression model analysis with SPSS 18.0. Results: In case of analysis results, the mean value was reported 0.9 out of four point about primary caregiver's depression and the mean value of family support was reported 3.34 out of five point. And besides, the analysis result of dementia elderly's symptoms showed that prevalence of depression/dysphoria were 62.2%, prevalence of aberrant motor were 61.3%, prevalence of apathy/indifference were 56.6%. Crucial findings are as follows: the symptoms of dementia elderly was significantly associated with the primary caregiver's depression. At the same time, family support significantly influenced lower level of the primary caregiver's depression. While, in the relationship between the symptoms of dementia elderly and the primary caregiver's depression, family support has a moderation effect by important protection factor. Conclusions: From these findings, the necessities to provide the care service for dementia elderly to help improve symptoms of dementia as well as the policy and service to manage the mental health of the family as primary caregiver were suggested. Also, the necessities to provide the family therapy program to improve the relationship with family members were suggested.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

This work presents functionally graded coatings (FGC) of hydroxyapatite (HA) and metallic powders on Ti-6Al-4V implants using plasma spray coating method. HA has been the most frequently used coating material due to its excellent compatibility with human bones. However, because of the abrupt changes in thermomechanical properties between HA and the metallic implant across an interface, and residual stress induced on cooling from coating temperture to room temperature, debonding at the interface occurs in use sometimes. In this work, FGC of HA and Ti or Ti-alloy powders is made to mitigate the abrupt property changes at the interface and the effect of FGC on residual stress release is investigated by evaluating the mechanical bond strength between the implant and the HA coating layers. Thermal annealing is done after coating in order to crystallize the HA coating layer which tends to have amorphous structure during thermal spray coating. The effects of types and compositional ratio of metallic powders in FGC and annealing conditions on the bond strength are also evaluated by strength tests and the microstructure analysis of coating layers and interfaces. Finally, biocompatibility of the coating layers are tested under ISO 10993-5.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2006

The area of ad hoc networking has been receiving increasing attention among researchers in recent years and a variety of routing protocols targeted specifically at the ad hoc networking environment have been proposed. Selfish nodes are those which do not perform certain operations that the protocol specifies that they should, through a wish to conserve power. We propose a scheme as a mean to mitigate the detrimental effect of selfish nodes. We also propose a new area that might affect nodes' behavior - the environment's influence. In order to let nodes fairly be able to communicate in the networks we proposed solution to this problem. And our scheme can be applied to other reputation methods. We also contain the simulation results in our paper, and through the result, we can conclude that we can solve the problem by adding a little overhead.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.667-677
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• 2012

Vulnerable web applications have been the primary method used by the attackers to spread their malware to a large number of victims. Such attacks commonly make use of malicious links to remotely execute a rather advanced malicious code. The attackers often deploy malwares that utilizes unknown vulnerabilities so-called "zero-day vulnerabilities." The existing computer vaccines are mostly signature-based and thus are effective only against known attack patterns, but not capable of detecting zero-days attacks. To mitigate such limitations of the current solutions, there have been a numerous works that takes a behavior-based approach to improve detection against unknown malwares. However, behavior-based solutions arbitrarily introduced a several limitations that made them unsuitable for real-life situations. This paper proposes an advanced web browser based malicious behavior detection system that solves the problems and limitations of the previous approaches.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.352-362
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between major satisfaction, depression, self esteem and life stress among college dental hygiene students. This study targeted 227 dental hygiene student in one school. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and Hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 21. program. The results of this study were as follows: The average score of major satisfaction was 3.65±.59, the score of depression was 1.74±.43, the score of self esteem was 3.59±.70, the score of life stress was 1.50±.33. Life stress was negatively related to major satisfaction and self esteem, and positively related to depression. The factors influencing the life stress of dental hygiene students were grade, economic status, major satisfaction, depression. Overall, to decrease life stress among dental hygiene student, it is necessary to develop educational method and program that can prevent and mitigate depression and can increase major satisfaction.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.463-470
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• 2021

Objective: This experiment was conducted to find out the immunological effects of wheat phytase when long-chain inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) treated with wheat phytase was added to a macrophage cell line, Raw 264.7, when compared to intact long-chain polyP. Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) production of Raw 264.7 cells exposed to P700, a long-chain polyP with an average of 1,150 phosphate residues, treated with or without wheat phytase, was measured by Griess method. Phagocytosis assay of P700 treated with or without phytase in Raw 264.7 cells was investigated using neutral red uptake. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by Raw 264.7 cells with wheat phytase-treated P700 compared to intact P700 was observed by using Mouse TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: P700 treated with wheat phytase effectively increased NO production of Raw 264.7 cells by 172% when compared with intact P700 at 12 h exposure. At 5 mM of P700 concentration, wheat phytase promoted NO production of macrophages most strongly. P700, treated with wheat phytase, stimulated phagocytosis in macrophages at 12 h exposure by about 1.7-fold compared to intact P700. In addition, P700 treated with wheat phytase effectively increased in vitro phagocytic activity of Raw 264.7 cells at a concentration above 5 mM when compared to intact P700. P700 dephosphorylated by wheat phytase increased the release of TNF-α from Raw 264.7 cells by 143% over that from intact P700 after 6 h exposure. At the concentration of 50 μM P700, wheat phytase increased the secretion of cytokine, TNF-α, by 124% over that from intact P700. Conclusion: In animal husbandry, wheat phytase can mitigate the long-chain polyP causing damage by improving the immune capabilities of macrophages in the host. Thus, wheat phytase has potential as an immunological modulator and future feed additive for regulating immune responses caused by inflammation induced by long-chain polyP from bacterial infection.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.217-229
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• 2020

Globally, information protection of organization has become an essential management factor, and organizations continue to invest high-level resources for information security. Security threats from insiders are not decreasing. The purpose of this study is to present the antecedence factors to mitigate the role conflict that is the cause of the security avoid behavior. For the study, a survey was conducted for employees of organizations with information security policies, and structural equation modeling was conducted using a total of 383 samples for hypothesis verification. As a result of the analysis, role conflict increased avoid behavior, and goal difficulty, goal specificity, justice, and trust mitigated role conflict. In particular, justice influenced the reduction of role conflict and avoid behavior through trust. The implications were to present the causes and mitigation factors for avoid behavior of employee, and it is judged that it will help the organization to establish a security strategy.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Silicon is a promising next-generation anode material for lithium-ion battery, and it has been studied for commercialization due to the high theoretical capacity. However, it has problems of the volume change during charge-discharge and the poor electrical conductivity. To solve these problems, formation of SiO2 and carbon coating on the surface of silicon crystal were performed to protect the side reaction and enhance the electrical conductivity of silicon. CNT and CNF were also added to mitigate the volume change and increase the conductivity. Physical properties of asprepared samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM, and EDS. Electrochemical characteristics were investigated by electrical conductivity measurement, EIS, CV and cycle performance test. (Si/SiO2/C)+CNT&CNF showed high electrical conductivity and low charge-transfer resistance, and the capacity was 1528 mAh/g at 1st cycle and 1055 mAh/g at 50th cycle with 83% capacity retention.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.4946-4960
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• 2020

In a device-to-device (D2D) underlaid cellular network, there exist two types of co-channel interference. One type is inter-layer interference caused by spectrum reuse between D2D transmitters and cellular users (CUEs). Another type is intra-layer interference caused by spectrum sharing among D2D pairs. To mitigate the inter-layer interference, we first derive the interference limited area (ILA) to protect the coverage probability of cellular users by modeling D2D users' location as a Poisson point process, where a D2D transmitter is allowed to reuse the spectrum of the CUE only if the D2D transmitter is outside the ILA of the CUE. To coordinate the intra-layer interference, the spectrum sharing criterion of D2D pairs is derived based on the (signal-to-interference ratio) SIR requirement of D2D communication. Based on this criterion, D2D pairs are allowed to share the spectrum when one D2D pair is far from another sufficiently. Furthermore, to maximize the energy efficiency of the system, a resource allocation scheme is proposed according to weighted graph coloring theory and the proposed ILA restriction. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme provides significant performance gains over the conventional scheme and the random allocation scheme.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.80-85
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• 2020

Urinary tract infections are among the most common infectious diseases and are the major causes of mortality and morbidity. These diseases result in many severe hospitalizations each year. Severe sepsis and septic shock are common and life-threatening medical conditions, and large cases are associated with urinary tract infection. The medical term "severe sepsis" is defined as sepsis complicated by hypotension, organ dysfunction, and tissue hypoperfusion, whereas "septic shock" is defined as sepsis complicated either by hypotension that is refractory to fluid resuscitation or by hyperlacteremia. A recent multicenter-study in Korea reported that the rate of in-hospital mortality associated with severe sepsis and septic shock was > 34%. Among the causative diseases, urogenital tract infection showed a high correlation. Moreover, it is very important that clinicians detect severe sepsis and septic shock early and treat them properly. The principles of initial treatment include provision of sufficient hemodynamic resuscitation and early administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy to mitigate uncontrolled infection. Initial resuscitation includes the use of vasopressors and intravenous fluids, and it is a key to achieve the target of initial resuscitation. Supportive care in the intensive care unit, such as glucose control, stress ulcer prophylaxis, blood transfusion, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, and renal replacement therapy, is also significant. We have summarized the key components in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock in patients with urinary tract infection. Urologists should be aware that appropriate early treatment is necessary to prevent fatal outcomes in these patients.