• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2009

본 연구는 초유 급여를 마친 갓 태어난 Holstein 송아지 14두를 대조구(Con) 및 시험구(IgY)로 나누어 49일 동안 대용유를 급여하면서 난황항체(IgY구)를 1주일 동안 투여하여 사양성적, 분변 상태 및 미생물 균총, 혈액내 생화학적 성분 및 면역관련 지표인 백혈구 성상을 조사하여 가장 바람직한 송아지 포유 및 육성 방법을 조사하였다. 시험결과로서 포유 송아지에게 IgY 투여시 체중 및 증체는 대조구(Con) 및 시험구(IgY)간에 유의적 차이 없이 모두 비슷한 성적을 보였다. 송아지 분변의 대장균(E. coli) 및 유산균 총균수를 조사한 결과 IgY 투여에 따른 대장균 및 유산균 수의 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 분의 상태는 시험구에서 7주째 유의적으로(P<0.05) 고형상태로 배설되었다. 송아지 혈액의 백혈구 감별계수(%)를 조사한 호중구, 림프구, 단핵구, 호염기구 등의 상대적 %는 모든 구에서 정상적인 백혈구 감별 계수를 보여 IgY 투여에 따른 면역 반응에는 차이가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 혈액내 존재하는 총 단백질, albumin 및 IgG 등에서도 대조구 및 시험구 모두 비슷한 수준을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 포유 송아지에서 1주 동안 IgY 투여는 증체, 면역작용 및 분변 미생물의 균총에는 특이적 영향이 없는 것으로 사료되어, 송아지에게 생후 24시간 이내 초유를 정확하게 급여하고 사양관리에 충실 할 경우 송아지의 포유 및 육성은 성공적으로 이루어 질 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 갓 이유한 3주령의 어린 흰쥐에게 일반조제유, 미숙아용조제유, 모유강화제(HMF)를 보충한 조제유를 급여하여, 분유의 종류에 따라 성장과 영양상태 및 생리기능에서 차이가 나타나는지 밝히고자 하였다. 특히, 일반조제유에 HMF를 첨가하여 급여한 경우와 미숙아용조제유를 급여한 경우가 일반조제유 섭취와 비교하여 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. 실험식이는 매일유업주식회사 제품인 일반조제유(프리미엄명작-1; 분말), 미숙아용조제유(베이비웰 프리미; 분말), 모유강화제(베이비웰 에이치엠에프(HMF); 액상)를 사용하였다. 일반조제유군에게는 프리미엄 명작-1에 증류수 13%를, 미숙아용조제유에게는 베이비웰프리미에 증류수 14%를, 그리고 조제유+HMF군에게는 프리미엄명작-1에 HMF를 14% 첨가하여 반고형식으로 실험식이를 만들어 3주 동안 급여하였다. 체중증가량 및 식이섭취량은 미숙아용조제유군과 HMF보충군이 일반조제유군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 간, 신장, 비장의 체중에 대한 장기 중량 비는 군간 차이가 없었으나, 신장 주변지방과 부고환지방은 미숙아용조제유군과 HMF보충군이 일반조제유군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 혈청의 총 지질과 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-콜레스테롤은 실험군간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 반면 혈청의 중성지방은 미숙아용조제유군이 식이 중 지방함량의 영향을 받아 다른군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 간 조직의 총 지질은 식이에 따른 차이는 없었으나, 혈청 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤은 미숙아용조제유군과 HMF보충군이 일반조제유군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 분 중 총 지질과 중성지방 배설량은 미숙아용조제유군이 나머지 두 군에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 분 중 총 콜레스테롤 배설량은 미숙아용조제유가 유의적으로 가장 높았고, 일반조제유군이 HMF군보다 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). 혈청 생화학 지표에서는 albumin과 total protein이 미숙아용조제유군에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05). GOT는 군간 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았지만 GPT는 HMF보충군에서 증가하였다. BUN은 일반조제유군이 유의적으로 높게 나타났고, 혈중 칼슘 농도는 미숙아용조제유군이 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). 혈액의 헤모글로빈 농도는 미숙아용조제유군과 HMF보충군이 일반조제유군에 비하여 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈청의 성장호르몬 농도는 미숙아용 조제유군이 일반조제유군과 HMF보충군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to quantify the flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen (SNAN) in the liquid phase of ruminal (RD) and omasal digesta (OD), and to investigate diurnal pattern in SNAN flow in OD. Five ruminally cannulated Finnish-Ayrshire dairy cows in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design consumed a basal diet of grass silage and barley grain, and that supplemented with four protein feeds (kg/d DM basis) as follows: skimmed milk powder (2.1), wet distiller' solubles (3.0), untreated rapeseed meal (2.1) and treated rapeseed meal (2.1). Ruminal digesta was sampled using a vacuum pump, whereas OD was collected using an omasal sampling system at 1.0 h interval during a 12 h feeding cycle. Both RD and OD were acidified, centrifuged to remove microbes and precipitated with trichloroacetic acid followed by centrifugation. The SNAN fractions (free amino acid (AA), peptide and soluble protein) in RD and OD were assessed using ninhydrin assay. Free AA, peptide and soluble protein averaged 60.0, 89.4 and 2.1 g/d, respectively, for RD, and 81.8, 121.5 and 2.5 g/d, respectively, for OD. Although free AA flow was relatively high, mean peptide flow was quantitatively the most important fraction of SNAN, indicating that degradation of peptide to AA rather than hydrolysis of soluble protein to peptide or deamination may be the most limiting step in rumen proteolysis. Diurnal pattern in flow of peptide including free AA in OD during a 12 h feeding cycle peaked 1 h post-feeding, decreased by 3 h post-feeding and was relatively constant thereafter. Protein supplementation showed higher flow of peptide including free AA immediately after feeding compared with no supplemented diet. There were no differences among protein supplements in diurnal pattern in flow of peptide including free AA in OD.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2001

분변과 요구르트에서 10주의 젖산균을 분리하여 이중 6주는 Bifidobactria로 4주는 Lactobacilli로 동정하였다. 이들은 이용하여 8% 증숙밤용액을 발효시켰을 때 발효액의 산도는 요구르트보다는 낮았으나 두유를 비롯한 식물성 요구르트보다는 2배이상 높았다. 산도를 증가시키기 위해 Yeast extract 와 tryptone peptone를 첨가할 때 0.2%와 0.4%의농도에서 가장 높았다. 포도당을 0.5-0.8% 범위의 첨가하였을 때 lactobacilli에 의한 발효액에서는 산생성이 촉진되었으나. bifidobacteria 에서는 그렇지 않았다. 시험된 과일과 채소즙 중에서는 당근즙의 첨가가 가장 큰 촉진 효과를 나타내었다. 25% 밤용액에서는 고지추출액에 의한 가수분해는 젖산생성을 크게 촉진하였으나 가수분해하지 않은 8% 밤용액에서는 젖산생성량과 비교하였을 때 산생성 순증가량은 그다지 크지 않았다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2005

Recent trends in agricultural globalization have brought on a crisis to our already impoverished Korean farmers. This study was proposed to assist in comparing the health and dietary characteristics of farmer families that have chronic disease patients to farmer families that do not have chronic disease patients. For the study, 1870 families were selected from 9 rural Korean provinces. Trained evaluators interviewed farmer housewives to collect demographic, health behavior, and dietary relative information about family members. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS (ver 8.2). Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were also used. In general, patient family members were older than non-patient family members. For patient families, the mean age was 70.4 for husbands and 64.3 for wives. For non-patient families, the mean age was 64.2 for husbands and 57.3 for wives. Therefore we analyzed the data after we stratified the subjects based on the wife's age of 65. Patient families snacked less and 'dined out' less than non-patient families. However, they consumed cookies more frequently, and milk and fruits less frequently, when compared to non-patient families. There were no significant differences in nutrient supplementation, and/or instant food intake frequencies between patient families and non-patient families. Sixty-two percent of patient family members complained about health problems such arthritis, lumbago, numbness, shoulder pain, dizziness, and others, whereas 52olo of non-patient family members complained about Farmers' syndrome. Husband cigarette smoking was not significantly different among groups. However, the smoking patterns of the wives was significantly higher in patient families. Alcohol consumption was also higher in patient families. In summary, it was determined that rural patient families had poorer dietary behavior and poorer health in general, when compared to non-patient families, and accordingly, diverse community-level health and nutritional support are suggested to solve the farmers' health problems and to improve their quality of life.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.340-344
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• 2005

In high-income Asian countries like Korea and Japan, per capita rice consumption has declined because of the change in consumer' favorite foods from rice to high-cost quality foods. This has forced farmers to reduce rice production. Although fodder rice could be another option to be cultured by farmers, available information concerning rice grain silage has been limited. In the present study, therefore, the difference in the quality of fodder rice silage prepared from either whole crop or grain at different ripening stages was compared. Various supplements were also added into whole crop and grain silages of fodder rice before ensiling, and thereafter, the palatability of prepared silages was determined by beef cattle. At ear emergence stage, the pH values for both grain and whole crop silages were approximately 4.5. In both grain and whole crop silages, the pH values were significantly increased by progressing ripening stages from milk-ripe stage to yellow-ripe stages, and the increase in pH value for grain silage was faster than that for whole crop silage. In the grain silage, the higher lactic acid (LA) content in grain silage seemed to be, the lower pH value was. Both in grain and whole crop silages, pH was significantly decreased by supplementation with LA bacteria. There were no significant differences in feed intake among any treatment groups.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1687-1696
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• 2015

Supplementation with probiotics can protect against the development of food allergies by modulating the host immune response; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the allergy-reducing effects of regulatory dendritic cells (regDCs) induced by Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) in β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-sensitized mice. The L9 supplement suppressed the aberrant balance of Th1/Th2 responses to BLG in mice, via upregulation of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell responses. The amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes increased by 51.85%. Furthermore, administration of L9 significantly induced the expression of CD103 and reduced the maturation status of DCs in mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) were activated by L9 in vitro, with an approximate 1.31-fold and 19.57-fold increase in expression of CD103 in CD11c+DCs and the level of IL-10 production, respectively, while the expression of CD86 did not change significantly. These data demonstrate that L9 reduced the BLG allergic sensitization, likely through regDCs mediated active suppression.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chicory fructan fiber supplementation on bone mineral density, apparent absorption of minerals and serum parameters related to bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Twenty-six healthy Korean postmenopausal women participated in the study. 1be participants were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blind parallel design and took one of the supplements for 3 months; either a placebo of 8g maltodextrins/sucrose mixture (control group) or 8g chicory fructan fiber (fructan group). During the 3-month experimental period no differences were found in bone mineral density (BMD) between the two groups. Apparent calcium absorption significantly increased by 42% in the fructan group, while that of the control group decreased by 29% as compared to the values at baseline. Urinary calcium excretion was not significantly different between the group;;. After 3 months, the level of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly lower in the fructan group than in the control group and deoxypyridinolin showed a trend toward a slight reduction. In conclusion, intake of chicory fructan fiber with a regular increases apparent calcium absorption in postmenopausal women.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

비타민 K 결핍은 드물지만, 소량의 출혈이 지속적일 때 의심할 수 있으며, 담즙정체증과 성장 부진이 있을 때 동반될 수 있다. 저자들은 신생아기와 영아기의 비정상적인 출혈을 주소로 내원하여 담즙 정체증에 의한 비타민 K 결핍으로 진단되었던 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1110-1115
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• 2005

To study the effect of feeding lactic acid producing bacteria on the performance of cattle calves, twenty four, day old male crossbred cattle calves (Bos indicus${\times}$Bos taurus), were distributed into two groups of 12 animals each. The animals were fed on calf starter containing wheat bran and green berseem ad libitum and milk as per requirement upto 8 weeks of age. The diet of calves of Group 2 was supplemented with 500 ml culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus-15. Total duration of the experiment was 31 weeks. There was no significant difference in intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude protein (CP) between the groups. The rumen pH, protozoa numbers, concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$), trichloroacetic acid precipitable nitrogen (TCA-ppt N) and activity of microbial enzymes (carboxymethylcellulase, xylanase, amylase and protease) were not affected due to probiotic supplementation. Average live weight gain of the calves was improved (about 10%) and feed:gain ratio was reduced (about 5%) in the animals given Lactobacillus culture. The data indicated that crossbred calves could be reared on a diet devoid of cereal grain and addition of Lactobacillus culture in the diet resulted in an added advantage in growth performance of the animals.