• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

There are several methods for building optimal eco-villages in a narrow territory. To derive a new optimal eco-village factors by combining environmental factors from ubiquitous sensor network and topography factors, this study attempted to investigate ecological spaces of specific human settlements, to compare those with the spatial analytical results on natural real settlements, and to draw a construction plan for an optimal ecological village. This study presented a new milestone for building eco-villages in the large or small village units of the entire country in the fact that we can find a living space to make natural healing possible by integrating ecological factors and wellbeing spatial configuration using more healthy natural space. Also, this study proposed a practical method to do so.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

The identification of tumor-specific antigens has represented a critical milestone in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Clinical research in this area for leukemia has also been driven over the past few decades by the hope that surface antigens with restricted tissue expression would be identified. Disappointingly, only a small number of the leukemic antigens identified to date, meet sufficient criteria to be considered viable immunophenotypic markers. In this paper, we nominate anti-JL1 monoclonal antibody as an immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic candidate for leukemia. The JL1 molecule appears to be a novel cell surface antigen, which is strictly confined to a subpopulation of limited stages during the hematopoietic differentiation process. Despite the restricted distribution of the JL1 antigen in normal tissues and cells, anti-JL1 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes various types of leukemia, irrespective of immunophenotypes. On the basis of these findings, we propose JL1 antigen as a tumor-specific marker, which shows promise as a candidate molecule for diagnosis and immunotherapy in leukemia, and one that spares normal bone marrow stem cells.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2017

Implementation of crop improvement programs relies on genetic diversity. To overcome the limited occurrence of natural mutations, researchers and breeders applied diverse methods, ranging from conventional crossing to classical bio-technologies. Earlier generations of knockout and gain-of-function technologies often result in incomplete gene disruption or random insertions of transgenes into plant genomes. The newly developed editing tool, CRISPR/Cas9 system, not only provides a powerful platform to efficiently modify target traits, but also broadens the scope and prospects of genome editing. Customized Cas9/guide RNA (gRNA) systems suitable for efficient genomic modification of mammalian cells or plants have been reported. Following successful demonstration of this technology in mammalian cells, CRISPR/Cas9 was successfully adapted in plants, and accumulating evidence of its feasibility has been reported in model plants and major crops. Recently, a modified version of CRISPR/Cas9 with added novel functions has been developed that enables programmable direct irreversible conversion of a target DNA base. In this review, we summarized the milestone applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in plants with a focus on major crops. We also present the implications of an improved version of this technology in the current plant breeding programs.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.363-372
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• 2017

This paper presents a novel face recognition algorithm based on the deep convolution neural network and key point detection jointed local binary pattern methodology to enhance the accuracy of face recognition. We firstly propose the modified face key feature point location detection method to enhance the traditional localization algorithm to better pre-process the original face images. We put forward the grey information and the color information with combination of a composite model of local information. Then, we optimize the multi-layer network structure deep learning algorithm using the Fisher criterion as reference to adjust the network structure more accurately. Furthermore, we modify the local binary pattern texture description operator and combine it with the neural network to overcome drawbacks that deep neural network could not learn to face image and the local characteristics. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm obtains stronger robustness and feasibility compared with the other state-of-the-art algorithms. The proposed algorithm also provides the novel paradigm for the application of deep learning in the field of face recognition which sets the milestone for further research.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.69-80
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• 2015

Purpose: Since most simulation programs take the interface that lists up all the input variables representing all the functionalities, users must know where design variables of an Energy Conservation Measure (ECM) are located and also know what values are appropriate. This is why practitioner designers feel frustrated when they attempt to use simulation. The final objective of this study is to provide a building energy modeling guideline for practitioners in various fields such as architectural design and MEP. Method: As the first step of the modeling guideline, this study provides the Level of Detail (LOD) for simulation modeling of primary ECMs considering the design information available in each design phase. It is prepared by literature review, simulation functionality investigation, and field experts' survey. Result: The proposed simulation LOD offers a milestone at each design phases concerning what design variable and attributes need to be developed with how much of details in order to meet the project goal. Also each design team can set up a simulation usecase considering organizational characteristics based on the proposed LOD.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2018

The income level of people in South Korea has risen as the gross national income per capita reached the milestone of 30,000 dollars. More and more consumers try to change their houses according to their tastes just like they express themselves through clothes, bags, and other fashion items, thus pursuing value-based consumption. The changes to the housing culture including the greater percentage of one- or two-person households and the growing trend of lease and monthly rent have made consumers increase their demands for products to express their lifestyles. As a result, global lifestyle shops with characteristic and diverse concepts entered the South Korean market and were joined by South Korean fashion brands, large-sized stores, department stores, and fancy stationery manufacturers, which launched their own brands, in the expansion of lifestyle shops across the nation. Lifestyle shops have a couple of unique attributes including the relatively clear selection of target consumers and a clear set of VMD strategies accordingly. Based on a judgment that there was cost differentiation among brands, the investigator categorized the comparison and analysis criteria into high, middle, and low prices to apply case analysis. This study set out to analyze VMD strategies for spatial composition through cost differentiation among lifestyle shops, take the results into total consideration, and propose an effective and competitive VMD strategy for lifestyle shops through spatial composition elements.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

On UX/UI fields, understanding emerging technology is important for preoccupancy of a future market. Most of emerging field searching methods are qualitative methods. However, it is suitable for large companies to adduce its milestone, not for small enterprises. Thus, this study aims at purposing the improvement of utilizability for research field searching processes. We draw core patents with modified patent citation data, apply the Girvan-Newman clustering method based on bibliographic coupling patent relationship and then, draw emerging technology research UX/UI fields. Finally, the results were validated in comparison with a report on emerging research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2013

Nuclear power plant site selection is a complex process and its successful completion is a critical milestone in the NPP development cycle. Proper siting of NPP will ensure public health and safety, environmental conservation, reduced project failure risks and a smooth NPP development process among other benefits. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the application of systems engineering to the problem of NPP siting in Kenya. The siting process demonstrated in this paper includes stakeholder need analysis where stakeholders are identified and their needs concerning NPP site are elicited and converted into system functional requirements. A value model is then developed and potential sites iteratively subjected to three types of criteria i.e. exclusionary criteria, avoidance criteria and suitability criteria. This process is used to identify the candidate sites. An additive value model; multiple objectives Decision Analysis (MODA) is then used to calculate candidate solutions values. The site with the highest solution value score is selected. Sensitivity studies using different criterion weight sets (thereby reflecting different viewpoints) can be conducted to assess their effect on the selection of a preferred site and thereby lend additional credibility to the decision process.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.569-596
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• 2014

In several applied disciplines like control engineering, computer sciences, error-correcting codes and fuzzy automata theory, the use of fuzzied algebraic structures especially ordered semi-groups and their fuzzy subsystems play a remarkable role. In this paper, we introduce the notion of (${\in},{\in}{\vee}\bar{q}_k$)-fuzzy subsystems of ordered semigroups namely (${\in},{\in}{\vee}\bar{q}_k$)-fuzzy generalized bi-ideals of ordered semigroups. The important milestone of the present paper is to link ordinary generalized bi-ideals and (${\in},{\in}{\vee}\bar{q}_k$)-fuzzy generalized bi-ideals. Moreover, different classes of ordered semi-groups such as regular and left weakly regular ordered semigroups are characterized by the properties of this new notion. Finally, the upper part of a (${\in},{\in}{\vee}\bar{q}_k$)-fuzzy generalized bi-ideal is defined and some characterizations are discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2004

The identification of the DNA structure as a double-stranded helix consting of two nucleotide chain molecules was a milestone in modern molecular biology. The DNA chip technology is based on reverse hybridization that follows the principle of complementary binding of double-stranded DNA. DNA chip can be described as the deposition of defined nucleic acid sequences, probes, on a solid substrate to form a regular array of elements that are available for hybridization to complementary nucleic acids, targets. DNA chips based on cDNA clons, oligonucleotides and genomic clons have been developed for gene expression studies, genetic variation analysis and genomic changes associated with disease including cancers and genetic diseases. DNA chips for gene expression profiling can be used for functional analysis in human eel Is and animal models, disease-related gene studies, assessment of gene therapy, assessment of genetically modified food, and research for drug discovery. DNA chips for genetic variation detection can be used for the detection of mutations or chromosomal abnormalities in cnacers, drug resistances in cancer cells or pathogenic microbes, histocompatibility analysis for transplantation, individual identification for forensic medicine, and detection and discrimination of pathogenic microbes. The DNA chip will be generalized as a useful tool in clinical diagnostics in near future. Lab-on-a chip and informatics will facilitate the development of a variety of DNA chips for diagnostic purpose.