• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-219
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• 2003

Using the panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79, we test the effects of relative status inconsistency within American young couples on the direction of migration as well as on migration propensities. Key findings in this study indicate that only couples in which the wife's education is greater than the husband's education are less likely to migrate than couples for which the wife's status is as lower than the husband's. There are no differences in the propensity for rural couples to migrate to urban counties or for urban couples to migrate to rural counties based on status inconsistency between spouses. However, we find that there is the gendered difference in the effect of status inconsistency on the probability of family migration. A spouse's higher status has an impact on a wife's probability of migration but does not affect a husband's migration propensity in a comparable situation. These findings are most consistent with a gender role perspective on migration since increases in the wife's status have little effect on family migration, once the presence and age of children is controlled.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.221-232
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• 2014

초고령화된 한국 농촌에서 다양한 교육 및 직업 배경을 가진 중장년층 귀농인구의 유입은 고령화 문제에 대한 대안의 하나로 부각되고 있다. 본 연구는 농가 고령화에 대한 귀농인구의 잠재적인 기여도 측면에서 귀농인구의 지역별 유입 유출 패턴을 분석하였다. 분석에는 로그선형모형과 총합레퍼런스코딩을 사용하였고, 분석자료는 통계청의 2013년 귀농 통계이다. 분석결과에 의하면, 귀농인의 절반 정도가 수도권에서 비수도권 지역으로 이주한 인구이고, 이들을 제외하면 귀농인의 대부분은 원 거주지가 있던 도 내에서 이동하고 있다. 귀농인의 귀농 전 대비 귀농 후 지역 내 오즈비(odds ratio)는 지역별로 차이가 있으며, 귀농인의 성별과 연령에 따라서도 지역별 유입 유출패턴이 다르다. 이는 귀농인 유입의 긍정적 효과를 높이기 위해서는 지자체별 차이를 반영한 특화된 정책이 필요하다는 것을 의미한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.728-746
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the selective migration of young age group and the stage migration which has proceeded through generations, on the transition of fertility and the population growth in the rural and urban in the case of Jeollabuk-do. For this, we use O-D matrix of 20-34 age group, the distribution of that group and women of child bearing age, and vital statistics in 1970-2010. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, the outflows from their birth place are common and dominant features of 20-34 age group in each time. Second, there is the stage migration which preceding generation moved from the rural areas to the cities in Jeollabuk-do and following generation has moved from the cities to Seoul metropolitan area. Third the selective outflow migration of young age group has leaded to reduction of the childbearing population, declining birthrate, aging and natural population decline. Due to the stage migration, these depopulation processes occurred in rural area in the past, and currently it expands to the cities with about 15 years time gap. In fact, there have been the natural population decrease which annual number of deaths exceed that of births from the late 1980s in the most rural areas and in the early 2000s, such a phenomenon has been confirmed also in urban areas. Therefore, this study concludes that the stage migration through generations is one of the crucial factor to the population growth in local cities and also brings out the step-wise population decrease in settlement hierarchies.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.421-437
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• 2020

This paper implemented a method to predict the fertility rate, mortality rate, and international migration rate using the R program, which has been widely used in recent years, that calculates population projection by substituting the results into the Leslie matrix. In particular, the generalization log gamma model for the fertility rate by Kaneko (2003), LC-ER model for mortality rate by Li et al. (2013), and functional data model for international migration rates proposed by Ramsay and Silverman (2005) and Hyndman and Booth (2008), Hyndman et al. (2013) can be directly demonstrated with R programs. Demography and bayesPop have been introduced as a representative demographic package implemented in R; however, it can be analyzed only for data uploaded to Human Mortality Database (HMD) and Human Fertility Database (HFD) with data changes and modifications requiring application of other data. In particular, in Korea, there is a limitation in applying this package because it is provided only for short-term data in HMD. This paper introduces an R program that can reflect this situation and the different patterns of low fertility, aging, migration of domestic and foreigners in Korea, and derives a population projection for the year 2117.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.961-966
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• 2011

Circular variables are those that have a period in its range. Their examples include direction of animal migration, and time of drug administration, just to mention a few. Statistical analysis of circular variables is quite different from that of linear variable due to its periodic nature. In this paper, the author proposes new circular regression models using geodesic lines on the surface of the sample space of the response and the predictor variables.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.40-57
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• 1993

This paper aims to show the various aspects of migration in Kwangju merropolitan area, southwestern Korea, for a period of years 1980-1985. Migratory patterns are spatially extensive in countryside around Kwanfju, and due to high accessibility to the metropolitan area urban implosion emerges in the city. In Chonnam province where Kwangju is loca-ted, all cities and counties except for such in-dustrial areas as Yochon, and Kwangyang are experiencing population losses in terms of net migration by survival rate methods. Kwangju is the exceptionally one of in-migration areas in Chonnam, though its central part(Dong-Gu) is also an out-migrated area. Predominantly in-migration urban areas have high proportions of a student age group between 15-19 years, and that reflects the importance of the educational factor in migration analysis. The municipal authorities of Kwangju are planning to block the way of the middle sxhool students who live in the outskirts of Kwangju to entrance to high school in the city. Thant may stir up migrations into Kwangju for the elementary and middle school students, because the city id expected to provide educational opportunities higher and better than remaining Chonnam areas. Population of Kwangju would, therefore, grow as the students migrate into the city. The findings on the residential intra-city movement in selected 5 Dongs indicate that implications of a short-distance movement re noteworthy; neighbour to neighbour, and the nearest stop in the way from the outer Kwangju as well. Trends in a short-distance movement are in accord with Ravensteins's "law of migra-tion". But in casw of the inter-provincial migra-tion to Kwangju, the number of in-migrants from remoter Seoul is more than that from nearer Chonbuk province. Therefore it supports the fact that the movement between capital region and far off local cities overcomes a distance barrier. The temporary mobility for a day has been increased as the standard of living has improved and it reaches a peak on weekend or on con-secutive holidays. The number of temporal movers to Kwangju from capital region and Yongnam area, southeastern Korea has a greatincrease in terms of the frequency of the passengers' mobility, in particular on Myongjol(the ethnic and traditional festival day) in com-parison with on weekdays. By comparison with two largest Myongjols, the number of movers is more on Chusok(The Full Moon festival on lunar August) than on Sol (lunar new year's day). Annual peak point of weekday movers appears in August because of summer vacation. But the lowest one appears in June, which is related to the busy farming season. A patients' move for medical services in on the increase with a change of living conditions. It is especially true in the industrial counties such as Kwangyang and Yochon. By way of conclusion, it should be pointed out that one of the problems we face in survey of migration volume by the survival rate method is that the survival rate somtimes exceeds the value 1.0, in normal states of which should be under 1.0. it may be due to the shortcoming from the census statistics. We should not give therefore too much stress on the importance of migrations or moves as an element of changes in spatial pattern. In cinclusion, the results of the study show some geographic facts as the followings: 1. One of the outstanding phenomena in all types of movement is the seletivity of ages. The most important factors are related to education and employment. 2. Short-distance movement is carried out in accordance with Ravenstein's law, but in case long-distance movement, in-migration from capital region is prominent in spite of remoten-ces. The gravity between large cities such as Kwangju and Seoul, which has a frequent human movenent, causes urban implosion of small cities between those cities. 3. The temporary mobility for a day, in con-trast to that of permanent movement, is more related to transportation, and its volumes and annual variations are a large-scale. 4. Passengers' mobility is high in industrial cities. And the scope of patients' mobility is narrower than passengers'.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2005

Purpose: This study investigated the Korean nurses' international migration to provide the basic data for establishing plans of supply and demand for nurses and the status of Korean nurses' application for foreign nurse licenses and overseas employment. Method: The subjects were 5.447 nurses who requested English written nurse license to the Ministry of Health and Welfare for the application of foreign nurse license examinations and overseas employment. Human Resources Development of Korea provided documents of nurses migrated to Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from December, 2002 to July, 2003 and analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Result: The total applicants for foreign nurse license were 3,149 for 2 years. In the year 2001, 1.129 nurses applied, 2,020 nurses in the year 2002. Out of 3,149 total subjects, 2,705(85.9%)nurses applied for U. S. A. nurse license. Eighty percent of the applicants of the U. S. A. nurse license examination applied for the New York states. The number of applicants for Canada was 215(6.8%), followed by Australia 88(2.8%), U. K. 86(2.7%), and New Zealand 45(1.4%). Average age of the applicants was 31, 49.0% of them were in their twenties. Three year college graduates accounted for 64.1% B.S.N. 33.9%. Applicants graduated from universities or colleges of Seoul area were 37.3%, followed by Daegu. The total number of nurses employed overseas were 1,291 during 2001 and 2002. Seven hundred thirty eight nurses(57.2%) were employed in the U. S. A.. Average age was 34, 60.9% were 3year college graduates, nurses graduated from Seoul area were 44.9%. No one applied for Saudi Arabian nurse license, 172 nurses were employed during 1999 and 2002, 39.5% of them were in their thirties. Conclusion: The results of this study shows relatively young and experienced nurses have intention to migrate internationally and they actually migrate to other countries. Comparing the number of nurses migrating to other country with the number of newly issued nurse licenses in Korea every year. the percentage of overseas employment was relatively high. To cope with Korean nurses international migration. new policy to monitor the status of nurse's international migration and an institution to deal with the affairs should be established. And the further study is needed to measure nurse's competence and influencing factors of Korean nurses employed in the U. S. A.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.107-120
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• 2001

This study is concerned with providing a reliable procedure of calibrating a set of places specific distance parameters and with applying it to U.S. inter-State migration flows between 1985 and 1900. It attempts to conform to recent advances in quantitative geography that are characterized by an integration of ESDA(exploratory spatial data analysis) and local statistics. ESDA aims to detect the spatial clustering and heterogeneity by visualizing and exploring spatial patterns. A local statistic is defined as a statistically processed value given to each location as opposed to a global statistic that only captures an average trend across a whole study region. Whereas a global distance parameter estimates an averaged level of the friction of distance, place-specific distance parameters calibrate spatially varying effects of distance. It is presented that a poisson regression with an adequately specified design matrix yields a set of either origin-or destination-specific distance parameters. A case study demonstrates that the proposed model is a reliable device of measuring a spatial dimension of migration, and that place-specific distance parameters are spatially heterogeneous as well as spatially clustered.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Background: In this study, we proposed that the population dynamics of non-native red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) depends on the species' habitat extension and survivorship. We used a logistic equation with time-dependent habitat carrying capacity. In detail, the present carrying capacity depends on the red-eared slider population of the previous year. Anthropogenic activities such as the abandonment of previously captive red-eared sliders or the release due to religion customs would supply new habitats to the species. Therefore we assumed that anthropogenic spread increases the habitat carrying capacity. Based on the urbanization increase rate of 3% in Korea from 1980 to 2000, we assumed an annual spread of 3% to simulate the population dynamics of the red-eared slider. In addition, the effect on the population of an increase of natural habitats due to migration was simulated. Results: The close relationship between the distributions of non-native red-eared sliders and of urbanized areas demonstrates that urbanization plays an important role in providing new habitats for released individuals. Depending on the survivorship, the population of the red-eared slider in Korea increased 1.826 to 3.577 times between 1980 and 2000. To control population growth, it is necessary to reduce carrying capacity by reducing habitat expansion through prohibition of release into the wild ecosystem and careful managements of the wetland or artificial ponds. Changes in the habitat carrying capacity showed that the population fluctuated every other year. However, after several years, it converged to a consistent value which depended on the survivorship. Further, our results showed that if red-eared sliders expand their habitat by natural migration, their population can increase to a greater number than when they have a 99% survivorship in a fixed habitat. Conclusions: Further introductions of red-eared sliders into wetlands or artificial ponds should be prohibited and managed to prevent future spread of the species. Moreover, it is important to reduce the species' survivorship by restoring disturbed ecosystems and maintaining healthy ecosystems.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.1236-1251
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• 2013

Sharing geo-tagged photos has been a hot social activity in the daily life because these photos not only contain geo information but also indicate people's hobbies, intention and mobility patterns. However, the present raw geo-tagged photo routes cannot provide information as enough as complete GPS trajectories due to the defects hidden in them. This paper mainly aims at analyzing the large amounts of geo-tagged photos and proposing a novel travel route restoring method. In our approach we first propose an Interest Measure Ratio to rank the hot spots based on density-based spatial clustering arithmetic. Then we apply the Hidden Semi-Markov model and Mean Value method to demonstrate migration discipline in the hot spots and restore the significant region sequence into complete GPS trajectory. At the end of the paper, a novel experiment method is designed to demonstrate that the approach is feasible in restoring route, and there is a good performance.