• Title/Summary/Keyword: middle aged workers

검색결과 125건 처리시간 0.023초

청년층의 자영업 진입에 관한 연구 (Study on Entering Self-Employment of Young Workers)

  • 신재열;김종성
    • 벤처창업연구
    • /
    • 제15권1호
    • /
    • pp.247-257
    • /
    • 2020
  • 최근 몇 년간 청년자영업자의 비중이 꾸준히 증가하고 있고, 정책적으로도 청년들의 창업을 적극적으로 권장하고 있다. 하지만 자영업 노동시장을 검토하고 있는 대다수의 국내 선행연구에서는 상대적으로 중·장년층에 초점을 맞추고 있으며, 청년층의 자영업 노동시장에 관한 선행연구는 일부 연구에서 제한적으로 다루어져 왔다. 특히 청년들의 자영업 진입요인을 별도로 검토한 연구는 부족하며, 분석방법도 전 연령대를 대상으로 한 자영업 진입연구에서 활용한 이론을 적용하고 있다. 하지만, 청년층과 중·장년층은 노동시장 조건과 가족 배경, 인적자본의 축적수준 등이 다르므로 별도의 설명체계와 이론이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 15세~29세의 연령층을 별도로 구분하여 청년층의 자영업 진입요인을 탐색적으로 분석하였다. 분석에 사용한 자료는 한국노동패널조사 9~20차 데이터를 활용했으며, 청년 실업률과 고용률은 통계청의 경제활동인구조사를 참조하였다. 분석대상은 현재 경제활동을 수행하고 있는 청년으로 한정하였으며 분석방법은 다층로짓분석(multi-level logit model)을 활용했다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 구조적 차원에서는 실업률이 낮고 고용률이 높을수록 청년층이 자영업에 진입하는 경향이 있다. 둘째, 개인적 차원에서는 가구의 금융자본이 많고 안정적인 직업보다는 고수익을 추구하거나 직업 적성 적합도를 추구하는 경향이 강할수록 자영업에 진입하는 것으로 나타났으며, 학력과 부모의 자영업 경험은 청년층의 자영업 선택에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.

중년남성의 갱년기증상, 강인성이 중년 위기감에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Climacteric Symptoms and Hardiness on Mid-Life Crisis)

  • 서은희;김은영;정은영
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
    • /
    • 제17권4호
    • /
    • pp.454-463
    • /
    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 중년남성의 갱년기 증상, 강인성, 중년 위기감에 대한 정도를 파악하고, 중년 위기감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하여 중년 위기감의 극복을 위한 전략을 개발하는데 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 연구는 2013년 5월 25일부터 9월 10일까지 전남지역 중소기업에 재직 중인 근로자를 대상으로 실시하였다. 자료는 자기기입식 설문지로 수집되었으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS Win 18.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 중년위기감에 영향을 미치는 요인으로 운동, 배우자 관계, 자녀관계가 25.1%의 설명력을 나타내었으며, 갱년기 증상을 추가 입력하였을 때 갱년기 증상이 설명력 21.1%을 더 보였으며, 운동여부, 교육상태, 배우자 관계, 자녀관계, 월수입, 갱년기 증상의 예측변수는 중년 위기감을 42.7% 설명하였다. 따라서 중년남성이 중년 위기를 잘 극복하기 위해서는 긍정적인 자기관리 및 친밀한 배우자 관계형성 등 본 연구 결과의 영향요인을 고려한 중년 위기감 극복을 위한 프로그램 제공이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

21세기 노동력 수급전망(2000년~2005년) (The Labor Force and Employment Outlook in Korea:2000-2005)

  • 최강식
    • 한국인구학
    • /
    • 제23권2호
    • /
    • pp.113-141
    • /
    • 2000
  • 21세기는 정보통신기술의 급속한 발전, 정보화 사회의 도래 등으로 지식의 창출과 확산 및 활용속도가 크게 증가될 것이다. 본 논문은 이 같은 변화 상황에서 노동수요와 공급이 어떻게 변화할 것인지를 전망하고 정책적 함의를 제시하고 있다. 향후 노동력 공급에 있어서는 생산가능인구의 증가세가 둔화되고, 베이비 붐 세대의 장노년화와 고령화 사회 도래, 인구의 고학력화, 여성 노동력의 급증 등이 예상된다. 이 같은 변화는 기업내의 직급구조나 고용관행의 변화, 심지어는 임금체계의 변화등을 수반하게 될 것이다. 노동력 수요에 있어서도 우리 경제에서 지식집약 산업의 비중이 커지고 고용 역시 지식 집약 산업에서의 비중이 커질 것으로 전망된다. 또한 고기술 산업 및 고학력 직종 등의 수요가 크게 늘어날 전망이다. 이에 따라 전문기술 직종이 증가하고 정보통신 인력, 여성인력 등의 수요도 크게 늘어날 전망이다. 그러나 한편으로는 변화하는 사회에서 필요로 하는 기술과 기능을 갖추지 못한 근로자는 실업의 위기에 직면하게 되고 소득분배 역시 악화될 가능성이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 근로자들이 변화하는 환경에 적응하기 위한 평생학습사회의 구축이 필요하다.

  • PDF

상지의 움직임과 저항 적용에 따른 Formetric 4D를 이용한 척추의 3차원적 분석 (Three-dimensional Analysis of the Spine using Formetric 4D according to Upper Limb Movement and Resistance Application)

  • 김현진;신원섭
    • 대한물리의학회지
    • /
    • 제15권3호
    • /
    • pp.69-77
    • /
    • 2020
  • PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to measure changes in spine inclination and thoracolumbar structure and morphology according to upper-extremity movements with and without resistance in order to evaluate the spine stability in workers. METHODS: Forty-eight middle-aged male workers (mean age, 40.48 ± 6.27 years) participated in this study. Using the spine analysis system, changes in the inclination of the spine and structure as well as shape of the thoracolumbar spine were measured. For posture measurement, the postures of standing, lifting the right and left arms (shoulder joint 90° flexion), and lifting with both arms were measured in random order. In addition, variables were measured using a resistance of 3 kg for each posture. The statistical significance level was set at α = .05 for all variables. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the front and back inclinations of the spine, kyphotic curve of the thoracic spine, lordotic curve of the lumbar spine, rotation changes in the thoracolumbar spine, and rotation changes in the T4 vertebra (p < .05). However, there was no significant difference in the left and right tilts of the spine. In the post-hoc analysis, rotation changes in the T4 vertebra showed a significant difference in posture when resistance was applied to the left and right sides CONCLUSION: Causes of musculoskeletal diseases include excessive thoracic spine rotation, torsion, and hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the working environment in order to ensure a healthy posture and prevent musculoskeletal diseases that can reduce the ability to carry various and/or excessive loads.

이형협심증 환자의 혈관내피세포 기능저하에 영향을 미치는 심혈관질환 위험인자 (Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predicting Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Variant Angina)

  • 조숙희;황선영;정명호
    • 성인간호학회지
    • /
    • 제21권5호
    • /
    • pp.477-488
    • /
    • 2009
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors on the occurrence of variant angina, and to examine the predicting factors on the vascular endothelial dysfunction of the patients with variant angina. Methods: A total of 134 patients diagnosed with variant angina were recruited from 2006 to 2008. The degrees of endothelial dysfunction were measured and recorded by the researcher using the values of flow-mediated vasodilation of their brachial arteries and Nitroglycerine-mediated dilation. Subjects' demographic data and risk factors were gathered after obtaining informed consent, and their electronic medical records were reviewed to collect laboratory data. Results: The mean age was $54.2{\pm}9.6$ years and 52% was male patients. More than 50% of the male patients were cigarette smokers and had hypercholesterolemia. 84% of the male patients and 70% of the female patients had more than one risk factor of cardiovascular disease. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that smoking and hypercholesterolemia predicted the decrease of flow-mediated vasodilation (Adjusted $R^2$ = .204, p < .001). Conclusion: Tailored educational interventions for smoking cessation and cholesterol management are needed to prevent recurrence of angina attack for patients with variant angina and to prevent cardiovascular disease for middle-aged workers.

  • PDF

외국인 노동자의 특성과 의료이용 실태 (The Characteristics and Medical Utilization of Migrant Workers)

  • 주선미
    • 한국직업건강간호학회지
    • /
    • 제7권2호
    • /
    • pp.164-176
    • /
    • 1998
  • This study deals with the current medical utilization for migrant workers and the characteristics of them. The purpose of this study is to provide the basic information to establish proper medical policy. For the study self-made questionnaire was used, which was answered by 453 migrant workers working in the area of manufacturing and non-technical work in 10 cities like Seoul, Inchon, Namyangju, Sungnam, Kwangju, Pyungchon, Kunpo, Kimpo, Masuk in Kyungki-do and Chunan in Chungchungnam-do. Besides, 303 medical records of those who had visited free medical check-up center were analyzed. The period of accumulating data is 6 months, from November 1st, 1996 to April 30th, 1997. The characteristics of migrant workers and current medical utilization are analyzed by percentage and the relation between characteristics and current medical utilization were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA. The finding of this study was as follows : 1) The number of nationality was 16. The first majority was Philippians as 32.0%. Among 16 nationalities Southeastern and Northern Asians were 48.9%, Southwestern Asian was 46.5%, the rest was 7.3%. Men were 81.0%, those who are aged from 26 to 30 were 39.0%, Graduatee from high school 92.7%, Christians 56.3%, unmarried 55.4% and salary from 600,000 Won to 800,000 Won 53.8% averaging monthly payment 669,810 Won. As for their residence, those who resided over 3 years were 31.9% and the illegal residence reached 77.4%. As for Korean language, those who speak in middle level were 5.6%. 2) As for kind of work and circumstances, manufacturing was 81.1%, 4 off-days per month 72.2% and 9-10 working hours per day 42.1%. As for accommodation, residence in fabric was 62.6% and one or two members as roommate 40.2%. 3) The characteristics of health behavior showed that 89.4% of migrant workers had 3 meals, 70.9% of them did not drink alcohol, 73.5% of them did not smoke. 4) As a characteristic of health status, 71.8% of them perceived of their health. 76.1% thought that they had no illness before coming Korea. Among them who recognized their illness, those who had problem in circulatory system was 35.3%, respiratory system ENT 19.1% and nervous system 19.1%.66.2% of those having illness had already had sickness when coming to Korea. 5) During last one month, 79.2% of them were known as ones having no illness. Among the sick, those who had problem in circulatory system was 31.6%, nervous system 23.7% and respiratory system 21.1%. 60.3% of the sick were not cured at that time. 6) Sorting the symptom of those who visited free medical check up, dental care was 24.2%, orthopedic 14.0% and digestive system 13.8%. Teethache was 34.4%, stomach problem 11.6%, upper respiratory inflammation 10.2% and back pain 5.9%. Averagely they visited free medical check up 1-2 times. According to symptom, epilepsy 25.5 times, heart and vascular disease 9 times, constipation 2.8%, neurosis 2.38 times and stomach problem 2.34 times. 7) The most frequently visited medical service by migrant workers was hospital. The most mentioned reason was good healing as 36.3%. The medical service satisfied migrant workers mostly was hospital as 64.3%. The reason of satisfaction was also good healing as 45.9%. 8) 77.2% of respondents did not spend money for medical check. Average monthly medical cost was 25,100 Won, 3.7% of income. Those who had no medical security was 73.4%. In their case, 67.7% got discount from hospital or support from working place and religious organization. 9) As for the difference of medical utilization according for the characteristics of migrant workers, legal workers and no-Korean speaker used hospital more frequently. 10) Those who were satisfied most of all with the service of hospital were female workers, hinduists and buddhists, legal workers or manufacture workers. 11) Christians, those who have 3 meals or recognize themselves as healthy ones mostly had no illness. As a result, the most of migrant workers in Korea are from Asia. They are good educated but are working in manufacturing and illegal. Their average income is under 700,000 Won which in not enough for medical cost. They have no medical security and medical fee is supported by religious organization or discounted. Considering these facts the medical policy by government is to be established.

  • PDF

중년기 여성 사회복지사의 가족스트레스와 사회적 문제해결능력 간 가족탄력성의 매개효과 (Mediation Effect of Family Resilience between Family Stress and Social Problem Solving Ability of Women's Social Worker in Middle Age)

  • 송유미
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
    • /
    • 제16권10호
    • /
    • pp.235-254
    • /
    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 중년기가 가족생활주기상의 적응, 재정립 등의 탄력성이 필요한 시기임을 고려하여 사회복지 영역에서 상당수 차지하는 여성 사회복지사의 가족스트레스와 사회적 문제해결능력 간 가족탄력성의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 표집대상은 대구 경북지역 중년기 여성 사회복지사 328명이었으며, 중다회귀분석을 시행한 후 매개효과 검증을 위해 Sobel Test를 실시하였다. 분석 결과 논의점 및 결론을 종합해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가족스트레스 하위요인 중 경제문제가 가장 높게 나타났다. 이에 대해 근본적으로 사회복지사의 보수체계의 열악함을 뒷받침하여 합리적인 보수결정에 대한 시스템 마련을 제언하였다. 둘째, 가족스트레스와 사회적 문제해결능력 간, 가족탄력성 하위요인인 의사소통과정, 신념체계, 조직유형 모두 부분매개 효과가 있었다. 특히, 의사소통과정이 가장 강력하게 매개효과가 있음에 따라 정확하고 명확한 정보교환을 의사소통의 필수조건으로 하여 개방된 감정표현의 중요성을 강조하였다. 결국, 중년기 여성 사회복지사가 직면하고 있는 가족스트레스를 정확히 분석하여 신념체계, 조직유형, 의사소통과정과 같은 가족탄력성이 제대로 기능할 수 있도록 개입한다면 사회적 문제해결 능력을 향상시킬 수 있을 것이라 판단되었다.

중년 남성 근로자의 고혈압 발생에 관련된 요인의 검토 (Risk Factors for Hypertension of Middle Aged Male Workers using Data from Health Check-ups)

  • 안권숙;박승경;조영채
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
    • /
    • 제13권10호
    • /
    • pp.4686-4693
    • /
    • 2012
  • 본 연구는 성인 남성 근로자들의 고혈압 발생에 관련된 요인을 밝히고, 고혈압의 1차 예방대책을 실시하기 위한 과학적 근거를 제공할 목적으로 대전광역시의 모 건강검진센터에서 2011년에 건강검진을 받은 남성 근로자 2,230명을 대상으로 하였다. 조사는 대상자의 연령, 비만도, 내당능, 흡연 및 음주습관, 운동습관과 혈압수준과의 관계를 조사하였다. 연구결과, 전체 조사대상자의 연령계층별 고혈압 발생은 30대 18.8%, 40대 23.8%, 50대 33.0%를 보였으며, 고혈압 발생은 연령이 증가할수록, BMI가 증가할수록 높아지는 경향이었으며, 내당능 이상군, 상습음주군, 운동부족군에서 그렇지 않은 군보다 고혈압 발생이 유의하게 높았다. 고혈압 발생에 대한 관련변수의 위험비를 구한 결과 비만도의 경우 30대, 40대, 50대 연령층 모두 정상군에 비해 과체중군과 비만군에서 고혈압이 발생할 위험비가 1.0 이상 유의하게 상승하였다. 내당능 이상군은 정상군에 비해 40대와 50대 연령층에서, 흡연군은 비흡연군에 비해 30대 연령층에서, 상습음주군은 비상습음주군에 비해 30대 연령층에서, 비운동군은 운동군에 비해 40대와 50대 연령층에서 고혈압이 발생할 위험비가 1.0 이상 유의하게 상승하였다. 위와 같은 결과는 고혈압의 1차 예방대책으로 비만, 알코올섭취, 운동부족이 중요하므로 바람직한 음주습관, 정기적인 운동 및 적정 체중의 유지에 신경을 쓸 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

우리 나라 공무원의 표준화 사망비에 대한 연구 (A SMR study of Korean public servants)

  • 김현경;김용철;백도명
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
    • /
    • 제30권2호
    • /
    • pp.293-307
    • /
    • 1997
  • In Korea, sudden deaths of middle-aged and older male workers who are the responsible persons at home as well as workplace, have aroused social concern. Besides, U. N. has reported recently that mortality of Korea male in 40-50's was one of the highest among newly developed countries in 1992. Not much is, however, known about the nature of the work contributing to the mortality of different groups of workers. Therefore, this study was done to examine mortality of public servants, comprising about 5% of all the employed in Korea, according to their job titles and grades. The datas of 1753 official deaths, comprised 323 (only disease-oriented deaths) applicants of survivors' compensation, were used to examine age-adjusted Standardized Mortality Ratios(SMRs) according to their job titles, grades, tenures and cause of deaths. Controlling age and sex difference was conducted using 26,950,481 general population, 95,340 general deaths and 864,560 working public servants. All the groups were aged 20-64, who were being observed January - December in 1993, at the same time. Results and discussions are as follows. 1. SMRs standardized by general population was significantly low (SMR 44.9 CI 42.8-52.7) for all job titlses. Of public servants, 90.0% was graduated from high school, although 17.5% in general population. The distinction of social status such a education may produce a strong healthy worker effect. Besides, SMRs for different tenure groups showed a steady increase as tenure increases. This suggests that the magnitude of healthy-worker effect may be greater with increasing tenures. 2. SMRs standardized by own public servants was significantly elevated for work-men(SMR 121.0, CI 110.2-132.6) in solitue. When SMRs for different grade, of work-men was examined, 9th(SMR 124.2, CI 104.4-146.7) and 10th(SMR 137.9 CI 120.8-156.8)grade, lower grade in workmen, showed significantly elevated SMRs. Of workmen, 57.0% were graduated from high school and 50.1% in 9th grade, as well. These mean that low economic states made up social class, education may increase mortality rate. 3. Of SMRs according to all causes of death, only policemen on 'cause of death related hypertensive disease'(SMR 282.5, CI 121.6-556.7) was significantly high except for' cause of death related other signs, symptoms and ill-defined conditions'. 4. When SMRs on cause of death related hypertensive disease for different grade of policemen was examined, senior policemen(SMR 241.9), in charge of the front service, showed elevated SMR, in spite of statistical no significance. Especially, the working hour of senior policemen is quite long and also the work schedule is even more irregular for policemen. The results of this study showed that mortality for different jobs differed, and it differed also for different grades in the same job. This difference in mortality may reflect the difference in the nature of job contents, and further studies are warranted to elucidate which job characteristics are responsible.

  • PDF

일부 도시지역에 있어서 중, 고교생의 월경에 관한 조사연구 (Survey on Menstruation of Middle & High School Girls in an Urban Area)

  • 김명엽;강현숙
    • 대한간호학회지
    • /
    • 제2권1호
    • /
    • pp.63-72
    • /
    • 1971
  • The conclusions were obtained from the detailed survey of 1,285 students experiencing menstruation, who were chosen among 1,717 students in middle & high school girls in Seoul. The survey was conducted during July 20-July 24, 1971. 1. Age of Menarche An average age of menarche was 13.3$\pm$1.07. The earliest age of menarche was 9 and the latest age 18. Ages of menarche were between 12 and 14 in 84.3 percent of the students surveyed. a. By present age distribution, the aged students were lower, than younger students in the average age of menarche. b. By father′s educational levels, among the students whose fathers were graduated from high schools, college & ever the earliest average age of menarche was found with 13.2, and among the students whose fathers were graduated from primary schools that wag latest with 13.6. c. By father′s occupations, among the students whose fathom engaged in "workers not classifiable"the earliest age of menarche was found with 12.5$\pm$0.27, among the students whose fathers were in "service business"the second was 12.9$\pm$1.07, and among the students whose fathers were in "miners, quarrymen and related workers"that was latest with 13.8$\pm$1.14. d. By economic status, among the students of "wealthy"families the age of menarche was 13.1$\pm$0.25, the among the students of "ordinary"families the lags of menarche 13.3$\pm$1.06. and the among the students of "poor" families that was 13.8$\pm$0.31. e. By home discipline, among the students being treated "rigid" the age of menarche was 13.5$\pm$1.13, among the students being treated "moderate"the age of menarche was 13.3$\pm$0.22, and those being treated "indifferent" that was 13.0$\pm$0.26. f. By students physical condition, among the students of "good" condition the average of menarche was 13.3$\pm$0.16, and among the students "poor" that was 13.5$\pm$0.31. 2. Menstruation a. For the six months after the average of menarche 39.0 percent of the students had normal menstruations, and 61.3 percent of them had abnormal ones. Of the students with abnormal menstruation 21.7 percent had abnormal menstruation from time to time, 25.4 percent had no menstruation for one month to three months, 7.2 percent had menstruation for four to six months and 6.7 per cent had no menstruation for more than sin months. Most students became to have normal menstruations a few months later the age of menarche. b. At the time interviewed, the percentile of cycle of menstruation as following: 23 days types: 46.8 percent 30 days types: 40.6 percent others : 12.6 percent The average cycle of menstruation was every 28.9 days. c. The average duration of menstruation is 4.69 days. d. The subjective symptoms during menstruation period: Out of the total 89.7 per cent had some pains, while 10.3 percent had no symptom. Among the symptoms, abdominal pain occupied 29.9 percent, neurotic symptoms 19.0 percent and lumbago 15.1 percent. e. By attitude or Action at first physical change, "Treated it by own experience" : 30.0 percent "Don′t know what to do because of ignorance" : 20.1 percent "Asked others about it" : 43.0 percent

  • PDF