• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.2
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• pp.35-50
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• 1978

This paper is an observation on the woman's warming hoods such as Nambawi, Pungchae, Ahyam, Jnbawi and Gullae worn form 1800's through 1930's. At the late era of Chosun dynasty, The every day lifes of people were greatly influenced by invasion of western world, in particular the styles of clothing are changed from original one to Western-like. So the hoods of our own's were dissappcared gradually, and the interests of them were reduced accordingly by the western culture invaded. Therefore this paper is intended to participate in the study of clothing culture by considering of hoods, one of the almost disappeared clothes, and review the wisdom and sense of beauty of our ancestor by unique ornament. The warming hoods in this paper are from a category of ear-protection gear and also deformed from man's one. The ear-protection gear was a warming hood from Tae Jong, the king of the early era of Chosun, and usage classifications of them were strict according to the class division at the early and mid era of Chosun, but generally diminised at the late era, thery were used freely, but the differences in decorations represented the division of the rich and poor. General feature of it is open top, but covers all of head and is used for warming clothes, with has many decorations on it, this decorative tendency was more clear at the late era. Namely, the shape had been modified from tough one to modish one, and fur, the material of it, are from stiff and long to soft short and well refined. This warming hoods were used until 1930's then disappeared by the population of western mufflers and wraps. Jobawi is now already forgotten even its name except for the ornament in picturing the baby in first birth day. In revewing the consideration of warming hoods mentioned. It is found that the subtlety of the ancestor, and there are supplication for the happiness of life even in the decorations.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.341-347
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• 2007

Chinese milk vetch (CMV) is a winter legume that is commonly used as cover crop in Korea. Kill date of cover crop for addition into soil affects N content in cover crop and N availability in soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of CMV as green manure cover crop according to kill dates before growing corn without artificial fertilizer. Top of CMV cut three times on 13 April, 27 April, and 11 May were added into soil at a rate of 600 kg per 10a. Sugar content in CMV litter was persistently decreased from mid-April to late-May. The decrease of sugar content might be due to the transformation into starch and/or other storage or structural constituents. The decreased amount of sugars was greater than 12% and the increased amount of starch was less than 0.2%. Concentration of $NH_4^+$ in soil treated by CMV litter cut on May 11 was slightly higher than that in the treatment with early-cut (April 13) CMV, the concentration at 28 and 49 DAT (days after treatment) was higher in the treatment with late-cut CMV litter. Regardless of cut (kill) date of CMV, the phosphatase activity in the treatment of CMV litter was higher compared to the untreated control. Soil dehydrogenase activity was increased steadily by addition of CMV litter implying total microbial activities in the soil were increased. Our results demonstrate that the status of cover crop species at kill date is an important factor influencing soil enzyme activities derived from microorganisms. Therefore, the optimal kill date of cover crop should be examined to improve the efficiency of cover crop as green manure crop regarding the practical sequence in cropping system.

• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

This research tries to review the history and concepts of Thai temple mural painting. According to the research results, the history of Thai mural painting dates back to the late 14th century when Wat Chedi Chet Taeo in Si Satchanalai was built. The Sinhalese elements embedded in the Sukhothai murals are also found in the Ayuthayan stupa murals made in the early 15th century. The mid 18th century's Burmese invasion into Ayuthaya destroyed most of Buddhist temples in the Kingdom of Ayuthaya and as a result, Buddhist murals of the late Ayuthayan age are hardly found except for some temple murals located outside of the capital. The late Ayuthayan murals are much different from the early Ayuthayan murals in that they are narrative in depicting Jataka and the life of Lord Buddha. This classical mural painting culminated in the age of Rama III of Bangkok Dynasty. His successor Rama IV undertook westernized reforms which influenced the area of traditional mural painting. Consequently, new western style Buddhist mural paintings were produced while themes of mural painting were enlarged to the other subjects such as historical recording of royal and social events. This trend continued in the age of Rama V but the development of Thai Buddhist mural painting discontinued after the death of Rama V due to the rapid westernization and decrease of illiteracy. The existing Buddhist murals produced on or before the reign of Rama V are deteriorating and disappearing. The reasons for this are partly because of Thailand's humid climate. However, some social backgrounds such as the lack of concern for preserving old Buddhist murals can not be disregarded. Considering the substantial value of Thai Buddhist murals as a cultural resource in Thai society, it is very urgent to establish appropriate conservation policy for them.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2014

The occurrence of insect pests of Lycium chinense was monitored at 4 organic farms that was cultivated with environment-friendly management at Cheongyang, Chungnam from May, 2012 to September, 2014. Total 4 orders and 18 species occurred in the L. chinense. Among them, 4 major pests and Lepidopteran and Hemipteran insect pests were investigated the occurrence pattern. During the budding, the population density of Myzus persicae was very high in late-May and early-June, and the injury by Lema decempunctata was increased from mid-June. The injuries by Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and Hedma lycia sp. were continued throughout the growing season. From the fruit held in late-July, hemipteran insects including Plautia stali and Halyomorpba balys were sucking the fruit, and their injury to L. chinense were gradually increased. In the case of Eriophys macrodonis densities to increase gradually from early July. The population density of E. macrodonis in 2014 was rapidly increased more than 5 times compared with 2012 and 2013. It was supposed that the initial control of mites or the removing of over-wintering density in the past year might be neglected. However, there is a need to more review the factors for the mass occurs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.47
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• pp.143-160
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• 1999

The purpose of this dissertation is to interpret fashion through a socio-cultural phenomenon called kitsch by understanding its aesthetic characteristics and clarifying its significance in the modern consumer society and analyzing the examples of kitsch appearing in modern fashion. The following are the arguments and conclusion of this dissertation. First kitsch has negative meanings such as aesthetic inadequacy or bad tastes implying vulgar popular tastes of faked sensations just imitating elite culture and using things indiscriminately for inferior reproduction or at best the philosophical and aesthetic category that expresses the mass of people's attitudes toward life in accepting the consumer culture of the industrial society. It started from the art of romanticism accompanied by th commercializing of art with the bourgeois society background formed in the mid-19th century. Though kitsch started to prevail following the socio-cultural changes caused by the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century it is only in the late 20th century that kitsch has come tc our everyday life and has become an object of aesthetic arguments. Second formative characteristics of kitsch appearin in fashion have a cumulative inadequate romantic pleasure-seeking satirizing and multicomplex nature. Third the socio-cultural meanings of kitsch appearing in fashion are as follows: The extension of commercialism which gratifies the pleasure-seeking mass consumers the enlargement of the aesthetic category by inclining to everyday commonplace aesthetic sense the expression of one's identity through the gratification of desire and the new aesthetics of resistance and deviance by an anti-traditional and anti-elite tendency towards the traditional society and aesthetic values.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.211-225
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• 2003

This present study suggests a wider view of our ancestors' food culture by examining the generality and peculiarity of the food culture of the Chosun Period by associating the culture with genre paintings made in the $18th{\sim}19th$ century in Korea. People in the Chosun Period outwardly advocated the Confucian idea reflecting the life philosophy of Chinese. However, the vitality of common people's frank and simple lifestyles saturate genre paintings and display Korean food culture and sentiments of the age. Initially this paper examines the history of food sociology through Namjong literary artists' paintings. The meaning and philosophy of drinks are considered in relation to the trend of declining tea culture among scholars in the mid-Chosun Period with the policy of promoting Confucianism and oppressing Buddhism. Secondly, this paper investigates the background of genre paintings in the late Chosun Period, and examines the unique food culture of Koreans appearing in paintings, particularly with regard to the abundance and variety of seasoned vegetables appearing in genre paintings, our ancestors' sentiment appearing in milk-gathering painting, humanity in guest reception, food culture and view of nature in farm villages, fishing life history, food distribution culture, soybean-curd culture, etc.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2008

The bean pyralid, Omiodes indicatus (Fabricius), moulted 4 times during larval period. When temperature increased from 15 to 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$, the developmental period of immature stages was shortened; 18.2, 7.5, 5.0, and 4.1 days of egg period; 51.8, 20.0, 12.7, and 9.9 days of larval period; 29.5, 12.0, 8.0, and 5.9 days of pupal period, respectively. Adult longevity was 16.0, 14.7, 11.2, and 7.5 days at respective temperatures. A female adult layed 57.0, 63.3, 82.2, and 31.7 eggs in 3.7, 6.0, 5.8, and 3.0 days of oviposition period at the same temperature regimes, respectively. Field survey in 2006 and 2007 showed that leaf damage on paddy field and upland soybeans began to appear in mid July, reaching its peaks in mid August and late September. Adults of the bean pyralid appeared in mid July and peaked in late August and early October.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2011

A method for the rapid detection and quantification of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) produced in an animal cell culture-based production system was developed to enhance the speed of the NDV vaccine manufacturing process. A SYBR Green I-based real-time RT-PCR was designed with a conventional, inexpensive RT-PCR kit targeting the F gene of the NDV LaSota strain. The method developed in this study was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and robustness. The validation results satisfied the predetermined acceptance criteria. The validated method was used to quantify virus samples produced in an animal cell culture-based production system. The method was able to quantify the NDV samples from mid- or late-production phases, but not effective on samples from the early-production phase. For comparison with other quantifiable methods, immunoblotting, plaque assay, and tissue culture infectious dose 50 ($TCID_{50}$) assay were also performed with the NDV samples. The results demonstrated that the real-time RT-PCR method is suitable for the rapid quantification of virus particles produced in an animal cell-culture-based production system irrespective of viral infectivity.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.711-724
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• 2008

Guk has been a very important part of the Korean table service for a long time. To study the historical transition of traditional Guk, an analysis of old cookbooks from the Chosun dynasty ($15{\sim}19C$) was conducted based on cooking science. The following is the results of 52 types of Malgunguk from representative old cookbooks such as Sangayorok (1450), Suunjabbang (early 1500s), Eumshikdimibang (1670), Jeungbosallimgyungje (1766), Gyuhabchongsu (1815), Juchan (mid 1800s), Sieuijunsu(late 1800s). The ingredients for Malgunguk contain 30, 35, and 12 types of animal foods, plant foods, and seasonings, respectively. Fish and two to three meats are combined for the main ingredients of Guk, to harmonize the taste. Notably, deer and birds such as pheasants along with parts of beef (short ribs, marrow, Holdaegi) were used. Moreover, it is interesting to note that meat such as pork and chicken were favored to beef, which is contrary to preferences of today. There are only a few Malgunguks that have been passed down before the 16th century those after the 17th century have mostly been reported, but the ingredients have been simplified.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.187-198
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of the meaning of parents in age, and relationship between meaning of parents, meaning in life and depression. The online survey data of 400 including 100 late-adolescents, 100 young adults, 100 mid adults, and 100 older adults was used. The main results were as follows. First, meaning of parents was positively correlated with meaning in life and negatively correlated with depression. Also meaning in life was negatively correlated with depression. Second, there were no age difference in meaning of parents in anova analysis. Third, through structural equation modeling showed that meaning of parents had significant effect on depression mediated by meaning in life. These findings suggested that meaning of parents and meaning in life can be protactive factors on depression. Finally, practical implications and limitataions were suggested for future research.