• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1955-1970
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• 2018

Several genetic strategies have been proposed for the successful transformation and expression of microbial transgenes in model and crop plants. Here, we bring into focus the prominent applications of microbial transgenes in plants for the development of disease resistance; mitigation of stress conditions; augmentation of food quality; and use of plants as "bioreactors" for the production of recombinant proteins, industrially important enzymes, vaccines, antimicrobial compounds, and other valuable secondary metabolites. We discuss the applicable and cost-effective approaches of transgenesis in different plants, as well as the limitations thereof. We subsequently present the contemporary developments in targeted genome editing systems that have facilitated the process of genetic modification and manifested stable and consumer-friendly, genetically modified plants and their products. Finally, this article presents the different approaches and demonstrates the introduction and expression of microbial transgenes for the improvement of plant resistance to pathogens and abiotic stress conditions and the production of valuable compounds, together with the promising research progress in targeted genome editing technology. We include a special discussion on the highly efficient CRISPR-Cas system helpful in microbial transgene editing in plants.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.279-293
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• 2009

Quantitative risk assessments are related to implementing hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) by its potential involvement in identifying critical control points (CCPs), validating critical limits at a CCP, enabling rational designs of new processes, and products to meet required level of safety, and evaluating processing operations for verification procedures. The quantitative risk assessment is becoming a standard research tool which provides useful predictions and analyses on microbial risks and, thus, a valuable aid in implementing a HACCP system. This paper provides a review of microbial modeling in quantitative risk assessments, which can be applied to HACCP systems.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2004

미생물 위해성 평가의 용량-반응 모델은 생물학적 모델과 경험적 모델로 나눌 수 있다. 생물학적 모델은 미생물의 분포형태, 미생물에 대한 숙주의 감수성, 감염을 일으킬 수 있는 미생물 수에 대한 가정을 바탕으로 성립된 모델로서, 대표적으로 Exponential model과 $\beta$-Poisson model이 있다. 경험적 모델은 주로 화학물질의 독성을 나타내는데 이용되어 온 모델로, Weibull-Gamma model등이 있다. 여러 용량-반응 모델 중에서 실험 데이터에 적합한 모델을 걱정하는 데에는 deviance function(Y)을 이용하며, 현재 일부 식중독균에 대해서는 사람과 실험동물에서의 용량-반응 모델이 연구되어 있다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.441-454
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• 2021

Fungal diseases including anthracnose, stem rot, blight, wilting, and root rot of crops are caused by phytopathogens such as Colletotrichum species, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Phytophthora species, and Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani which threaten the production of chili pepper. In this study, to identify biological control agents (BCAs) of phytopathogenic fungi, potentially useful Bacillus species were isolated from the field soils. We screened out five Bacillus strains with antagonistic capacity that are efficiently inhibiting the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Bacillus species were characterized by the production of extracellular enzymes, siderophores, and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, the influence of bacterial strains on the plant growth promoting activity and seedling vigor index were assessed using Brassica juncea as a model plant. Inoculation with Bacillus subtilis SRCM 121379 significantly increased the length of B. juncea shoots and roots by 45.6% and 52.0%, respectively. Among the bacterial isolates, Bacillus subtilis SRCM 121379 showed the superior enzyme activities, antagonistic capacity and plant growth promoting effects. Based on the experimental results, Bacillus subtilis SRCM 121379 (GenBank accession no. NR027552) was finally selected as a BCA candidate.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2008

Aerobic bacterial growth on Korean pan.fried meat patties as a primary quality deterioration factor was modeled as a function of temperature to estimate microbial spoilage on a real.time basis under dynamic storage conditions. Bacteria counts in the stretch.wrapped foods held at constant temperatures of 0, 5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$ were measured throughout storage. The bootstrapping method was applied to generate many resampled data sets of mean microbial counts, which were then used to estimate the parameters of the microbial growth model of Baranyi & Roberts in the form of differential equations. The temperature functions of the primary model parameters were set up with confidence limits. Incorporating the temperature dependent parameters into the differential equations of bacterial growth could produce predictions closely representing the experimental data under constant and fluctuating temperature conditions.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2013

본 연구는 신선편이 식품에서 오염 가능성이 있는 병원성 식중독 균 E. coli O157:H7에 대해 파프리카에서 성장 예측 모델을 적용하고, 본 연구에서 개발된 성장 예측 모델을 내부 검증하였다. 이를 비교하여 신선편이 식품을 안전하게 관리하기 위한 적절한 모델을 제시하고자 하였다. 파프리카에 E. coli O157:H7접종하여 온도에 따라 12, 24, 30, $36^{\circ}C$에 보관하여 성장을 측정하였다. Gompertz 식을 이용하여 온도에 따른 성장곡선을 그리고 LT와 SGR을 산출하였다. 산출된 LT와 SGR은 각각 Davey model와 squareroot model를 이용하여 2차 모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 2차 모델에 대하여 LT와 SGR model의 $R^2$값은 각각 0.999, 0.994로 1에 근접하는 높은 적합성을 보였다. 또한 내부 검정 결과 LT와 SGR model의 Bf 값은 각각 1.01, 0.89, LT model은 안전하게 SGR model 위험하게 예측되었다. 파프리카의 LT와 SGR의 상대적인 오차 값은 모두 허용 가능한 오차 범위에 포함 되었다. 따라서 개발된 모델을 이용하여 온도에 따른 E. coli O157:H7성장을 추정할 수 있으며, 이를 위해평가 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 공업화학
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2008

본 논문은 미생물 성장 공정에서의 기질 저해에 관한 modified Haldane 모델의 이론적 유도를 다룬다. 생물학적 개념인 기질-수용체 복합체의 작동 메커니즘을 바탕으로 새로운 미생물학적 동특성인 N-중첩된 다중 기질 저해 모델의 유도와 더불어 일반화가 이론적으로 고찰되었는데, 이것은 효소 반응에서의 단순 기질 저해 메커니즘이 자연스럽게 확장된 것이다. 결과적으로, 본 기질 저해에 관한 modified Haldane 모델은 완전저해 기질농도라는 생물학적 상수를 포함하고 있는, 잘 설계된 4-파라메터 동특성 모델임이 밝혀졌다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2009

Water stress has become a major concern in agriculture. Korea suffers from limited agricultural water supply, and wastewater reuse has been recommended as an alternative solution.A study was performed to examine the effects of microorganism concentration in the ponded-water of a paddy rice field with reclaimed-water irrigation for evaluating the microbial risk to farmers and neighborhoodchildren.Most epidemiological studies were performed based on an upland field, and they may not directly applicable to paddy fields. Beta-Poisson model was used to estimate the microbial risk of pathogen ingestion. Their risk value increased significantly high level after irrigation and precipitation.It implies that agricultural activities such as plowing, and fertilizing, and precipitation need be practiced a few days after irrigation considering health risks. The results about field application of the microbial risk assessment using E. coli showed difference according to monitoring time and treatment plot. Result of the microbial risk assessment showed that risk values of ground-water and reclaimed secondary waste water irrigation were lower than directly use of wastewater treatment plants' effluent. This paper should be viewed as a first step in the application of quantitative microbial risk assessment of E. coli to wastewater reuse in a paddy rice farming.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.646-649
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• 1999

A thermophilic bacterium producing D-stereospecific dipeptidase was isolated from Korean soil samples. The enzyme hydrolyzed the peptide bond between D-alanyl-D-alanine (D-Ala-D-Ala). The isolated bacterial strain was rod shaped, gram-positive, motile, and formed an endospore. Morphological and physiological characteristics suggested this microorganism a thermophilic Bacillus species, and was named as Bacillus sp. BCS-l. The production of D-stereospecific dipeptidase was growth-associated and optimal at $55^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was applied for the synthesis of D-amino acid-containing peptide, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-aspartyl-D-alanine benzyl ester (Z-L-Asp-D-AlaOBzl), as a model reaction. A thermodynamically controlled synthesis of Z-L-Asp-D-AlaOBzl was achieved in an organic solvent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.990-996
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• 2005

The effect of diets varying in level and source of nitrogen (N) and fermentable organic matter on dynamic characteristics of microbial populations in rumen liquor and their impact on substrate fermentation in vitro was studied. The diets tested were straw alone, straw+concentrate mixture and straw+urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) lick. The same diets were taken as substrates and tested on each inoculum collected from the diets. Diet had no effect on the amino acid (AA) composition of either bacteria or protozoa. Differences among the diets in intake, source of N and OM affected bacterial and protozoal characteristics in the rumen. Upper asymptote of gas production (Y$\alpha$) had a higher correlation with bacterial pool size and production rate than with protozoal pool size and production rate. Among the parameters of the gas production model, Y$\alpha$ and lag time in total gas has showed significant (p<0.01) correlation with bacterial characteristics. Though the rate constant of gas production significantly differed (p<0.01) between diet and type of straw, it was least influenced by the microbial characteristics. The regression coefficient of diet and type of straw for Y$\alpha$ indicated that the effect of diet on Y$\alpha$ was threefold higher than that of the straw. As microbial characteristics showed higher correlation with Y$\alpha$, and diet had more influence on the microbial characteristics, gas production on a straw diet could be used effectively to understand the microbial characteristics.